????????GOF?給原型模式?的定義為：用原型實(shí)例指定創(chuàng)建對(duì)象的種類，并且通過拷貝這些原型創(chuàng)建新的對(duì)象。

????????在?C++和Java?中都提供了clone()方法來實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)象的克隆，但是在Java中必須要實(shí)現(xiàn)Cloneable這個(gè)接口。

????????通過給出一個(gè)原型對(duì)象來指明所要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建的對(duì)象的類型，然后用復(fù)制這個(gè)原型對(duì)象的方法創(chuàng)建出更多同類型的對(duì)象。原始模型模式允許動(dòng)態(tài)的增加或減少產(chǎn)品類，產(chǎn)品類不需要非得有任何事先確定的等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，原始模型模式適用于任何的等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)。缺點(diǎn)是每一個(gè)類都必須配備一個(gè)克隆方法。

一、組成：

????????1)?客戶角色：讓一個(gè)原型克隆自己來得到一個(gè)新對(duì)象。
????????2)?抽象原型角色：實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的clone?方法，扮演這種角色的類通常是抽象類，且它具有許多具體的子類。
????????3)?具體原型角色：被復(fù)制的對(duì)象，為抽象原型角色的具體子類。

二、UML類圖：

三、代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)：

JAVA：

Prototype.java:

//原型抽象類
public?abstract?class?Prototype?implements?Cloneable{???
?String?name;???

?public?void?setName(String?name)?{???
??this.name?=?name;???
?}???
?public?String?getName()?{
??return?this.name;
?}???

?public?Object?clone(){???
??Object?object?=?null;???
??try?{???
???object?=?super.clone();???
??}?catch?(CloneNotSupportedException?exception)?{???
???System.err.println("AbstractPrototype?is?not?Cloneable");???
??}???
??return?object;???
?}???
}?

//原型實(shí)現(xiàn)類
class?ConcretePrototype1?extends?Prototype?{

?public?ConcretePrototype1()?{
??//?TODO?Auto-generated?method?stub
??setName("ConcretePrototype1");
?}

}

class?ConcretePrototype2?extends?Prototype?{

?public?ConcretePrototype2()?{
??//?TODO?Auto-generated?method?stub
??setName("ConcretePrototype2");
?}

}

?

testMain.java:

public?class?testMain?{

?public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?CloneNotSupportedException?{
??Prototype?pt1?=?new?ConcretePrototype1();
??Prototype?pt2?=?(Prototype)?pt1.clone();
??Prototype?pt3?=?new?ConcretePrototype2();
??Prototype?pt4?=?(Prototype)?pt3.clone();

??System.out.println("1:"+pt1.getName());
??System.out.println("2:"+pt2.getName());
??System.out.println("3:"+pt3.getName());
??System.out.println("4:"+pt4.getName());

?}
}

?

輸出結(jié)果：

1:ConcretePrototype1
2:ConcretePrototype1
3:ConcretePrototype2
4:ConcretePrototype2

?

C++：

Prototype.h:

/*
?*?Prototype.h
?*
?*??Created?on:?2013-6-23
?*??????Author:?yan?chao

?*/

#ifndef?PROTOTYPE_H_
#define?PROTOTYPE_H_

//?虛擬基類,所有原型的基類,提供Clone接口函數(shù)
class?Prototype
{
public:
?Prototype(){}
?virtual?~Prototype(){}

?virtual?Prototype*?Clone()?=?0;
};

//?派生自Prototype,實(shí)現(xiàn)Clone方法
class?ConcreatePrototype1?:?public?Prototype
{
public:
?ConcreatePrototype1();
?ConcreatePrototype1(const?ConcreatePrototype1&);
?virtual?~ConcreatePrototype1();

?virtual?Prototype*?Clone();
};

//?派生自Prototype,實(shí)現(xiàn)Clone方法
class?ConcreatePrototype2?:?public?Prototype
{
public:
?ConcreatePrototype2();
?ConcreatePrototype2(const?ConcreatePrototype2&);
?virtual?~ConcreatePrototype2();

?virtual?Prototype*?Clone();
};

#endif?/*?PROTOTYPE_H_?*/

?

Prototype.cpp:

//============================================================================
//?Name????????:?Prototype.cpp
//?Author??????:?yan?chao
//?Version?????:
//?Copyright???:?Your?copyright?notice
//?Description?:?Hello?World?in?C++,?Ansi-style
//============================================================================

#include?"Prototype.h"
#include?<iostream>

ConcreatePrototype1::ConcreatePrototype1()
{
?std::cout?<<?"construction?of?ConcreatePrototype1n"?<<?std::endl;
}

ConcreatePrototype1::~ConcreatePrototype1()
{
?std::cout?<<?"destruction?of?ConcreatePrototype1n"<<?std::endl;
}

ConcreatePrototype1::ConcreatePrototype1(const?ConcreatePrototype1&)
{
?std::cout?<<?"copy?construction?of?ConcreatePrototype1n"<<?std::endl;
}

Prototype*?ConcreatePrototype1::Clone()
{
?return?new?ConcreatePrototype1(*this);
}

ConcreatePrototype2::ConcreatePrototype2()
{
?std::cout?<<?"construction?of?ConcreatePrototype2n"<<?std::endl;
}

ConcreatePrototype2::~ConcreatePrototype2()
{
?std::cout?<<?"destruction?of?ConcreatePrototype2n"<<?std::endl;
}

ConcreatePrototype2::ConcreatePrototype2(const?ConcreatePrototype2&)
{
?std::cout?<<?"copy?construction?of?ConcreatePrototype2n"<<?std::endl;
}

Prototype*?ConcreatePrototype2::Clone()
{
?return?new?ConcreatePrototype2(*this);
}

?

testMain.cpp:

/*
?*?testMain.cpp
?*
?*??Created?on:?2013-6-23
?*??????Author:?yan?chao
?*/

#include?"Prototype.h"
#include?<stdlib.h>

int?main()
{
?Prototype*?pPrototype1?=?new?ConcreatePrototype1();
?Prototype*?pPrototype2?=?pPrototype1->Clone();

?Prototype*?pPrototype3?=?new?ConcreatePrototype2();
?Prototype*?pPrototype4?=?pPrototype3->Clone();

?delete?pPrototype1;
?delete?pPrototype2;
?delete?pPrototype3;
?delete?pPrototype4;

?system("pause");

?return?0;
}

?

?運(yùn)行結(jié)果：

construction?of?ConcreatePrototype1n
copy?construction?of?ConcreatePrototype1n
construction?of?ConcreatePrototype2n
copy?construction?of?ConcreatePrototype2n
destruction?of?ConcreatePrototype1n
destruction?of?ConcreatePrototype1n
destruction?of?ConcreatePrototype2n
destruction?of?ConcreatePrototype2n

?

?

轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://blog.51cto.com/flyingsnail/1227994

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