解決IntelliJ IDEA報錯Failed to read candidate component class: file [ ]; nested exception is org.springframework.core.NestedIOException

??筆者使用 IntelliJ IDEA 運行以前的一個 Spring 項目時，以前記得運行正常的代碼，如今一直報錯，百思不得其解。然后發現報錯發生在一個普通、基礎性的 Spring 方法。筆者當時報錯時的運行環境如下：

筆者報錯時的運行環境：

• JDK 13.0.2

• IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.2 (Ultimate Edition)

• Spring 5.1.9.RELEASE

??這個報錯的信息如下：

Exception in thread "XXX" org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Failed to read candidate component class: file [XXX.class]; nested exception is org.springframework.core.NestedIOException: ASM ClassReader failed to parse class file - probably due to a new Java class file version that isn't supported yet: file [XXX.class]; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unsupported class file major version 57at org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.scanCandidateComponents(ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.java:454)at org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.findCandidateComponents(ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.java:316)at org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner.doScan(ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner.java:275)at org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScanBeanDefinitionParser.parse(ComponentScanBeanDefinitionParser.java:90)at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.NamespaceHandlerSupport.parse(NamespaceHandlerSupport.java:74)at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.parseCustomElement(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:1391)at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.parseCustomElement(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:1371)at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.parseBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:179)at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.doRegisterBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:149)at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:96)at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.registerBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:513)at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:393)at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:336)at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:304)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:188)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:224)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:195)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:257)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java:128)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java:94)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:133)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:636)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:521)at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:144)at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:85)at XXX(XXX:XXX) Caused by: org.springframework.core.NestedIOException: ASM ClassReader failed to parse class file - probably due to a new Java class file version that isn't supported yet: file [XXX.class]; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unsupported class file major version 57at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReader.<init>(SimpleMetadataReader.java:57)at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.java:103)at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.CachingMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(CachingMetadataReaderFactory.java:123)at org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.scanCandidateComponents(ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.java:430)... 25 more Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unsupported class file major version 57at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(ClassReader.java:184)at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(ClassReader.java:166)at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(ClassReader.java:152)at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.<init>(ClassReader.java:273)at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReader.<init>(SimpleMetadataReader.java:54)... 28 more

??筆者在經過反復試驗排錯后，終于找到了根因。這是因為筆者報錯時，使用的 Spring 依賴與 JDK 版本不兼容所導致的。因為筆者當初成功運行該項目時，使用的是低版本的 JDK，而現在運行該項目時，使用的是現在安裝的 JDK。換句話說，相對于 Spring 的版本Spring 5.1.9.RELEASE，JDK 的版本JDK 13.0.2太高了。

??于是，筆者調高 Spring 的版本，將Spring 5.1.9.RELEASE改為Spring 5.2.9.RELEASE，結果運行之后，上面的報錯就消失了。當然，也可以選擇降低 JDK 的版本，不過筆者通常不喜歡這樣做。

筆者成功運行時的運行環境：

• JDK 13.0.2

• IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.2 (Ultimate Edition)

• Spring 5.2.9.RELEASE

總結

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