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CCNP-EIGRP不等价负载均衡

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2024/4/14 编程问答 49 豆豆

生活随笔收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了 CCNP-EIGRP不等价负载均衡小編覺(jué)得挺不錯(cuò)的,現(xiàn)在分享給大家,幫大家做個(gè)參考.

CCNP-EIGRP不等價(jià)負(fù)載均衡：

實(shí)驗(yàn)拓?fù)?#xff1a;

實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)繕?biāo)：

EIGRP的不等價(jià)負(fù)載均衡。（因?yàn)榈葍r(jià)的負(fù)載均衡比較簡(jiǎn)單，這里討論不等價(jià)的負(fù)載均衡）

路由基本配置（略）

IP地址配置：

r1(config)#in s1/0
r1(config-if)#ip add 219.146.0.1 255.255.255.0
r1(config-if)#no sh
r1(config-if)#in s1/1
r1(config-if)#ip add 219.146.1.1 255.255.255.0
r1(config-if)#no sh
r1(config-if)#exi

r2(config)#in s1/0
r2(config-if)#ip add 219.146.2.1 255.255.255.0
r2(config-if)#no sh
r2(config-if)#in s1/1
r2(config-if)#ip add 219.146.1.2 255.255.255.0
r2(config-if)#no sh
r2(config-if)#exi

r3(config)#in s1/0
r3(config-if)#ip add 219.146.0.2 255.255.255.0
r3(config-if)#no sh
r3(config-if)#in s1/1
r3(config-if)#ip add 219.146.2.2 255.255.255.0
r3(config-if)#no sh
r3(config-if)#in s1/2
r3(config-if)#ip add 219.146.3.1 255.255.255.0
r3(config-if)#no sh
r3(config-if)#exi

r4(config)#in s1/0
r4(config-if)#ip add 219.146.3.2 255.255.255.0
r4(config-if)#no sh
r4(config-if)#exi

EIGRP配置：
r1(config)#router e 10
r1(config-router)#no au
r1(config-router)#net 219.146.0.0 0.0.1.255
r1(config-router)#exi

r2(config)#router e 10
r2(config-router)#no au
r2(config-router)#net 219.146.1.0 0.0.0.255
r2(config-router)#net 219.146.2.0 0.0.0.255
r2(config-router)#exi

r3(config)#router e 10
r3(config-router)#no au
r3(config-router)#net 219.146.0.0 0.0.0.255
r3(config-router)#net 219.146.2.0 0.0.1.255
r3(config-router)#exi

r4(config)#router e 10
r4(config-router)#no au
r4(config-router)#net 219.146.3.0 0.0.0.255y
r4(config-router)#exi

查看一下R1和R2路由表：

r1(config)#do sh ip rou
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
?????? D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
?????? N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
?????? E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
?????? i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
?????? ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
?????? o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

D??? 219.146.2.0/24 [90/2681856] via 219.146.1.2, 00:09:49, Serial1/1
??????????????????? [90/2681856] via 219.146.0.2, 00:09:49, Serial1/0
D??? 219.146.3.0/24 [90/2681856] via 219.146.0.2, 00:09:48, Serial1/0
C??? 219.146.0.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C??? 219.146.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1

r2(config)#do sh ip rou
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
?????? D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
?????? N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
?????? E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
?????? i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
?????? ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
?????? o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C??? 219.146.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
D??? 219.146.3.0/24 [90/2681856] via 219.146.2.2, 00:10:18, Serial1/0
D??? 219.146.0.0/24 [90/2681856] via 219.146.2.2, 00:10:18, Serial1/0
??????????????????? [90/2681856] via 219.146.1.1, 00:10:18, Serial1/1
C??? 219.146.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1

這里已經(jīng)有等價(jià)的負(fù)載均衡，主要看一下R1和R2到R4的路由，從拓?fù)鋱D來(lái)看，是有兩條路由的，但這里卻只有一條，這是因?yàn)镽1和R2到R4都沒(méi)有FS(可行后繼路由器)，成為FS的條件是：AD<FD.AD是下一跳路由通告給本路由的通告距離（個(gè)人理解為就是度量值）。FD是本路由到達(dá)目標(biāo)網(wǎng)絡(luò)最優(yōu)的可行距離。這里的AD是等于FD的，所以沒(méi)有FS?？梢圆榭匆幌?#xff1a;

r1(config)#do sh ip eigrp top all-links
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(10)/ID(219.146.1.1)

Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
?????? r - reply Status, s - sia Status

P 219.146.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856, serno 2
??????? via Connected, Serial1/1
P 219.146.0.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856, serno 1
??????? via Connected, Serial1/0
P 219.146.3.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2681856, serno 5
??????? via 219.146.0.2 (2681856/2169856), Serial1/0
??????? via 219.146.1.2 (3193856/2681856), Serial1/1
P 219.146.2.0/24, 2 successors, FD is 2681856, serno 6
??????? via 219.146.0.2 (2681856/2169856), Serial1/0
??????? via 219.146.1.2 (2681856/2169856), Serial1/1

后面跟上all-links，可以查看所有鏈路。可以看出AD是等于FD的。只要讓AD小于FD，那就實(shí)現(xiàn)了不等價(jià)負(fù)載均衡。怎么修改AD呢？

首先，要知道EIGRP度量值的算法：

EIGRP的度量值=K1*帶寬+*(K2*帶寬)/(256-負(fù)載)+K3*延遲。
因?yàn)槟J(rèn)K1和K3等于1.其他等于0.所以：
EIGRP的度量值=帶寬+延遲
帶寬=10的7次方/最低鏈路的帶寬(單位為Kbit/s)*256
延遲=延遲(單位為10微秒.而用show interfaces顯示的延遲是以微秒為單位的)的總和*256
所以最終度量值為：
EIGRP的度量值=(10的7次方/帶寬(所有入口帶寬最小值)+延遲的和(所有入口延遲的和)/10)*256

通過(guò)上面的公式。可以知道修改度量值可以修改K值，帶寬，延遲。但一般不建議修改K值，帶寬修改的計(jì)算復(fù)雜，所以修改延遲最方便。

在這個(gè)拓?fù)渲?#xff0c;可以修改R3的S1/2、R1的S1/0或者R3的S1/2、R2的S1/0、R1的S1/1。
但R1的S1/2會(huì)影響到這兩條路由，所以不能修改。那么可以把R1的延遲改大或R2的延遲改小。

r1(config)#do sh int s1/0
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
? Hardware is M4T
? Internet address is 219.146.0.1/24
? MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit/sec, DLY 20000 usec

r1(config)#in s1/0
r1(config-if)#delay 2001?//延遲增加10，注意這里不是20010（單位是10微秒）
r1(config-if)#exi

Gateway of last resort is not set

D??? 219.146.2.0/24 [90/2681856] via 219.146.1.2, 00:00:32, Serial1/1
D??? 219.146.3.0/24 [90/2682112] via 219.146.0.2, 00:00:32, Serial1/0
C??? 219.146.0.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C??? 219.146.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1

發(fā)現(xiàn)并沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)負(fù)載均衡。而且剛才那條等價(jià)的也沒(méi)有了，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在是不等價(jià)了。

r1(config)#do sh ip pro
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 10"
? Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
? Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
? Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
? Default networks accepted from incoming updates
? EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
? EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
? EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
? Redistributing: eigrp 10
? EIGRP NSF-aware route hold timer is 240s
? Automatic network summarization is not in effect
? Maximum path: 4
? Routing for Networks:
??? 219.146.0.0/23
? Routing Information Sources:
??? Gateway???????? Distance????? Last Update
??? 219.146.1.2?????????? 90????? 00:03:04
??? 219.146.0.2?????????? 90????? 00:03:04
? Distance: internal 90 external 170

這里的variance值是1.這就是只是等價(jià)的負(fù)載均衡。但現(xiàn)在是不等價(jià)的，所有沒(méi)有路由。修改一下variance值。variance指的是倍數(shù)。是FD和AD的倍數(shù)。

r1(config)#router e 10
r1(config-router)#variance 2
r1(config-router)#exi

Gateway of last resort is not set

D??? 219.146.2.0/24 [90/2681856] via 219.146.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial1/1
??????????????????? [90/2682112] via 219.146.0.2, 00:00:04, Serial1/0
D??? 219.146.3.0/24 [90/3193856] via 219.146.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial1/1
??????????????????? [90/2682112] via 219.146.0.2, 00:00:04, Serial1/0
C??? 219.146.0.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C??? 219.146.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1

現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了。而且是不等價(jià)的負(fù)載均衡。

現(xiàn)在怎么把剛才那條(219.146.2.0)還原成等價(jià)的呢？當(dāng)然修改延遲也可以達(dá)到目的。這里使用一種更簡(jiǎn)單的方法。偏移列表：

r1(config)#access-list 10 permit 219.146.2.0 0.0.0.255
r1(config)#router e 10
r1(config-router)#offset-list 10 in 256 serial 1/1
r1(config-router)#exi

Gateway of last resort is not set

D??? 219.146.2.0/24 [90/2682112] via 219.146.1.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/1
??????????????????? [90/2682112] via 219.146.0.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/0
D??? 219.146.3.0/24 [90/3193856] via 219.146.1.2, 00:10:17, Serial1/1
??????????????????? [90/2682112] via 219.146.0.2, 00:10:17, Serial1/0
C??? 219.146.0.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C??? 219.146.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1

已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了，一條等價(jià)一條不等價(jià)的。

繼續(xù)查看一下負(fù)載均衡的流量分配情況。

r1(config)#do sh ip rou 219.146.3.0
Routing entry for 219.146.3.0/24
? Known via "eigrp 10", distance 90, metric 2682112, type internal
? Redistributing via eigrp 10
? Last update from 219.146.1.2 on Serial1/1, 00:07:24 ago
? Routing Descriptor Blocks:
??? 219.146.1.2, from 219.146.1.2, 00:07:24 ago, via Serial1/1
????? Route metric is 3193856, traffic share count is 101
????? Total delay is 60000 microseconds, minimum bandwidth is 1544 Kbit
????? Reliability 255/255, minimum MTU 1500 bytes
????? Loading 1/255, Hops 2
? * 219.146.0.2, from 219.146.0.2, 00:07:24 ago, via Serial1/0
????? Route metric is 2682112, traffic share count is 120
????? Total delay is 40010 microseconds, minimum bandwidth is 1544 Kbit
????? Reliability 255/255, minimum MTU 1500 bytes
????? Loading 1/255, Hops 1

這里的101和120指的是到達(dá)目標(biāo)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)據(jù)包從S1/1走101個(gè)，從S1/0走120.

來(lái)測(cè)試一下：在R3上做一個(gè)訪問(wèn)列表：

r3(config)#ip access-list extended cs
r3(config-ext-nacl)#per ip host 219.146.0.1 host 219.146.3.2
r3(config-ext-nacl)#per ip host 219.146.1.1 host 219.146.3.2
r3(config-ext-nacl)#per ip any any
r3(config-ext-nacl)#exi
r3(config)#in s1/0
r3(config-if)#ip access-group cs in
r3(config-if)#in s1/1
r3(config-if)#ip access-group cs in
r3(config-if)#exi

r3(config)#do sh ip acce
Extended IP access list cs
??? 10 permit ip host 219.146.0.1 host 219.146.3.2
??? 20 permit ip host 219.146.1.1 host 219.146.3.2
??? 30 permit ip any any (42 matches)

現(xiàn)在匹配的都為0，在R1上使用擴(kuò)展ping一下：

r1#ping
*Jan? 2 13:20:14.739: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
r1#ping
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address: 219.146.3.2
Repeat count [5]: 663
Datagram size [100]:
Timeout in seconds [2]:
Extended commands [n]: y
Source address or interface:
Type of service [0]:
Set DF bit in IP header? [no]:
Validate reply data? [no]:
Data pattern [0xABCD]:
Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:
Sweep range of sizes [n]:
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 663, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 219.146.3.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (663/663), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/88/220 ms

r3(config)#do sh ip acce
Extended IP access list cs
??? 10 permit ip host 219.146.0.1 host 219.146.3.2 (663 matches)
??? 20 permit ip host 219.146.1.1 host 219.146.3.2
??? 30 permit ip any any (174 matches)

發(fā)現(xiàn)并沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)負(fù)載均衡，所有數(shù)據(jù)都走了最好的那條路由。(不要以為路由表中顯示負(fù)載均衡就一定會(huì)負(fù)載均衡)這是因?yàn)檫€有一個(gè)思科的快速轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)表。在R1上關(guān)閉后再試。

r1#conf t
r1(config)#no ip cef
r1(config)#exi

清空一下R3剛才的記錄：

r3(config)#exi
r3#clear ip access-list counters
r3#sh ip acce
Extended IP access list cs
??? 10 permit ip host 219.146.0.1 host 219.146.3.2
??? 20 permit ip host 219.146.1.1 host 219.146.3.2
??? 30 permit ip any any (28 matches)

r1#ping
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address: 219.146.3.2
Repeat count [5]: 663
Datagram size [100]:
Timeout in seconds [2]:
Extended commands [n]: y
Source address or interface:
Type of service [0]:
Set DF bit in IP header? [no]:
Validate reply data? [no]:
Data pattern [0xABCD]:
Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:
Sweep range of sizes [n]:
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 663, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 219.146.3.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (663/663), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/73/176 ms

r3#sh ip acce
Extended IP access list cs
??? 10 permit ip host 219.146.0.1 host 219.146.3.2 (360 matches)
??? 20 permit ip host 219.146.1.1 host 219.146.3.2 (303 matches)
??? 30 permit ip any any (74 matches)

現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了不等價(jià)的負(fù)載均衡。

接下來(lái)看一下流量控制：
r1#conf t
r1(config)#router e 10
r1(config-router)#traffic-share min across-interfaces //使用最小開(kāi)銷(xiāo)的路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)
r1(config-router)#end

r3#clear ip access-list coun

r3#sh ip acce
Extended IP access list cs
??? 10 permit ip host 219.146.0.1 host 219.146.3.2 (663 matches)
??? 20 permit ip host 219.146.1.1 host 219.146.3.2
??? 30 permit ip any any (84 matches)

這里已經(jīng)只從最小開(kāi)銷(xiāo)的鏈路轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)了。但路由表中還是顯示不等價(jià)負(fù)載均衡的。

r1#sh ip rou
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
?????? D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
?????? N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
?????? E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
?????? i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
?????? ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
?????? o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

D??? 219.146.2.0/24 [90/2681856] via 219.146.1.2, 00:12:54, Serial1/1
??????????????????? [90/2682112] via 219.146.0.2, 00:12:54, Serial1/0
D??? 219.146.3.0/24 [90/3193856] via 219.146.1.2, 00:12:54, Serial1/1
??????????????????? [90/2682112] via 219.146.0.2, 00:12:54, Serial1/0
C??? 219.146.0.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C??? 219.146.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1

這就再次說(shuō)明了不要看到路由表顯示負(fù)載均衡就認(rèn)為真正的實(shí)現(xiàn)了負(fù)載均衡。

EIGRP的不等價(jià)負(fù)載均衡就先到這里。
?

轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://blog.51cto.com/chenbin/279500

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