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MongoDB的集群模式--Replica Set

發布時間：2024/4/14 编程问答 38 豆豆

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一、Replica Set 集群分為兩種架構：

奇數個節點構成Replica Set，所有節點擁有數據集。最小架構: 1個Primary節點，2個Secondary節點

偶數個節點 + 一個仲裁節點構成的Replica Set，節點擁有數據集，仲裁節點僅參與仲裁選舉出Primary節點。最小架構：1個Primary節點，1個Secondary節點，1個Arbiter節點
?

接下來就以3臺服務器為例，部署具有仲裁的框架。

IP地址	操作系統版本	MongoDB版本	端口	功能
10.10.18.10	Centos7.5	?4.0	?27017	?Primary
10.10.18.11	Centos7.5	?4.0	?27017	?Secondary
10.10.18.12	Centos7.5	?4.0	?27017	?Arbiter

二、安裝部署（請訪問 "MongoDB安裝"）

Primary的配置文件：

systemLog:destination: filepath: "/data/mongodb/log/mongod.log"logAppend: true storage:dbPath: "/data/mongodb/data"journal:enabled: truewiredTiger:engineConfig:cacheSizeGB: 2 processManagement:fork: truepidFilePath: "/data/mongodb/pid/m.pid" net:bindIp: 10.10.18.10port: 27017 replication:replSetName: "rs0"

Secondary的配置文件

Arbiter的配置文件

啟動三臺服務器上的mongdb

mongod -f /data/mongodb/mongod.conf

關閉進程

mongod -f /data/mongodb/mongod.conf --shutdown

三、配置Replica Set

登錄三臺服務器中任意一臺，登錄mongo（如果報錯就將配置文件中：security 內容暫時先去掉）

mongo --host 10.10.18.10 >cfg={ _id:"rs0",members:[{_id:0,host:'10.10.18.10:27017',priority:1},{_id:1,host:'10.10.18.11:27017',priority:1},{_id:2,host:'10.10.18.12:27017',arbiterOnly:true}] };>rs.initiate(cfg)

查看Replica Set配置

> rs.conf()

{
"_id" : "rs0",
"version" : 1,
"protocolVersion" : NumberLong(1),
"writeConcernMajorityJournalDefault" : true,
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "10.10.18.10:27017",
"arbiterOnly" : false,
"buildIndexes" : true,
"hidden" : false,
"priority" : 1,
"tags" : {

},
"slaveDelay" : NumberLong(0),
"votes" : 1
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"host" : "10.10.18.11:27017",
"arbiterOnly" : false,
"buildIndexes" : true,
"hidden" : false,
"priority" : 1,
"tags" : {

},
"slaveDelay" : NumberLong(0),
"votes" : 1
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"host" : "10.10.18.12:27017",
"arbiterOnly" : true,
"buildIndexes" : true,
"hidden" : false,
"priority" : 0,
"tags" : {

},
"slaveDelay" : NumberLong(0),
"votes" : 1
}
],
"settings" : {
"chainingAllowed" : true,
"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : 2000,
"heartbeatTimeoutSecs" : 10,
"electionTimeoutMillis" : 10000,
"catchUpTimeoutMillis" : -1,
"catchUpTakeoverDelayMillis" : 30000,
"getLastErrorModes" : {

},
"getLastErrorDefaults" : {
"w" : 1,
"wtimeout" : 0
},
"replicaSetId" : ObjectId("5cff76e5e57e23a5bc7054e2")
}
}

四、驗證Replica Set

在Primary中插入數據

rs0:PRIMARY> show dbs admin 0.000GB config 0.000GB local 0.000GB rs0:PRIMARY> db.users.insertOne( ... { ... name:"sue", ... age: 26, ... status:"pending" ... }) {"acknowledged" : true,"insertedId" : ObjectId("5cff79e8993e70290a081d04") }

rs0:PRIMARY> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5cff79e8993e70290a081d04"), "name" : "sue", "age" : 26, "status" : "pending" }

在Secondary中，默認是不允許讀

rs0:SECONDARY> db.users.find() Error: error: {"operationTime" : Timestamp(1560247181, 1),"ok" : 0,"errmsg" : "not master and slaveOk=false","code" : 13435,"codeName" : "NotMasterNoSlaveOk","$clusterTime" : {"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1560247181, 1),"signature" : {"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),"keyId" : NumberLong(0)}} }

五、創建用戶

六、故障模擬

停止Primary上的mongo進程，在Secondary上登錄mongo查看

mongo --host 10.10.18.11

rs0:PRIMARY> db.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5cff79e8993e70290a081d04"), "name" : "sue", "age" : 26, "status" : "pending" }

發現原Secondary變成Primary，并且可以進行查詢。

開啟原Primary服務器上的mongo進程，該服務器變成了Secondary。

七、數據備份和恢復

mongodump從MongoDB中讀取數據，保存為BSON文件，mongorestore讀取BSON文件恢復到MongoDB中。適用于小型MongoDB的備份和恢復。

mongodump備份的時候只備份MongoDB中的文檔，使用mongorestore恢復之后需要重建索引

mongodump --host 10.10.18.11 --port 27017 --username myUserAdmin --password abc123 --gzip --out /data/mongobak/$(date +%F)

注：--oplog 表示備份的時候oplog.bson文件，存放在dump開始到 dump結束之間所有的oplog。

根據前面的備份恢復到一個新的Replica Set集群中其中一臺服務器上。

恢復

恢復的過程中，不要啟用認證。否則在將其他機器加入到Replica Set集群中來的時候，會出現無法認證的問題。

1、首先在一臺服務器上開啟一個干凈mongo服務（無任何數據），做為 Primary

mongd.conf配置文件內容

systemLog:destination: filepath: "/data/mongodb/log/mongod.log"logAppend: true storage:dbPath: "/data/mongodb/data"journal:enabled: truewiredTiger:engineConfig:cacheSizeGB: 2 processManagement:fork: truepidFilePath: "/data/mongodb/pid/mongod.pid" net:bindIp: 10.10.18.10port: 27017 replication:replSetName: "rs0"

2、開啟mongod服務

/data/mongodb/bin/mongod -f /data/mongodb/mongod.conf

3、創建單個Replica Set

登錄mongo，然后創建單個Replica Set

mongo --host 10.10.18.10 > cfg={_id:"rs0",members:[{_id:0,host:'10.10.18.10:27017',priority:1}]} > rs.initiate(cfg)

創建結果：

1 { 2 "ok" : 1, 3 "operationTime" : Timestamp(1560394449, 1), 4 "$clusterTime" : { 5 "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1560394449, 1), 6 "signature" : { 7 "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="), 8 "keyId" : NumberLong(0) 9 } 10 } 11 } View Code

創建好了之后，就可以查看當前的數據庫

rs0:SECONDARY> show dbs admin 0.000GB config 0.000GB local 0.000GB

可以發現，目前就三個基本的數據庫。

4、恢復數據

mongorestore --host 10.10.18.10 --port 27017 --gzip /data/mongobak/2019-06-12

結果

1 2019-06-13T10:55:33.817+0800 preparing collections to restore from 2 2019-06-13T10:55:33.829+0800 reading metadata for admin.test from /data/mongobak/2019-06-12/admin/test.metadata.json.gz 3 2019-06-13T10:55:33.832+0800 reading metadata for test.users from /data/mongobak/2019-06-12/test/users.metadata.json.gz 4 2019-06-13T10:55:33.834+0800 reading metadata for reporting.reporting from /data/mongobak/2019-06-12/reporting/reporting.metadata.json.gz 5 2019-06-13T10:55:33.841+0800 reading metadata for admin.reporting from /data/mongobak/2019-06-12/admin/reporting.metadata.json.gz 6 2019-06-13T10:55:33.861+0800 restoring test.users from /data/mongobak/2019-06-12/test/users.bson.gz 7 2019-06-13T10:55:34.085+0800 restoring admin.test from /data/mongobak/2019-06-12/admin/test.bson.gz 8 2019-06-13T10:55:34.123+0800 no indexes to restore 9 2019-06-13T10:55:34.123+0800 finished restoring test.users (1 document) 10 2019-06-13T10:55:34.123+0800 restoring admin.reporting from /data/mongobak/2019-06-12/admin/reporting.bson.gz 11 2019-06-13T10:55:34.175+0800 restoring reporting.reporting from /data/mongobak/2019-06-12/reporting/reporting.bson.gz 12 2019-06-13T10:55:34.230+0800 no indexes to restore 13 2019-06-13T10:55:34.230+0800 finished restoring admin.test (2 documents) 14 2019-06-13T10:55:34.233+0800 no indexes to restore 15 2019-06-13T10:55:34.233+0800 finished restoring reporting.reporting (1 document) 16 2019-06-13T10:55:34.234+0800 no indexes to restore 17 2019-06-13T10:55:34.234+0800 finished restoring admin.reporting (1 document) 18 2019-06-13T10:55:34.234+0800 restoring users from /data/mongobak/2019-06-12/admin/system.users.bson.gz 19 2019-06-13T10:55:34.312+0800 done View Code

恢復完成，在登錄mongo查看，恢復數據庫的情況。

1 rs0:PRIMARY> show dbs 2 admin 0.000GB 3 config 0.000GB 4 local 0.000GB 5 reporting 0.000GB 6 test 0.000GB 7 rs0:PRIMARY> use test 8 switched to db test 9 rs0:PRIMARY> show collections 10 users 11 rs0:PRIMARY> db.users.find() 12 { "_id" : ObjectId("5cff79e8993e70290a081d04"), "name" : "sue", "age" : 26, "status" : "pending" }

可以看出之前的記錄已經恢復了。

注意：如果備份時，MongoDB是擁有用戶名和密碼才能進行登錄的，在恢復之后，用戶名和密碼也是可以使用的。如果需要在使用認證登錄，需要將下面信息添加的配置文件mongod.conf：

security:keyFile: "/data/mongodb/keyfile"authorization: "enabled"

然后重啟mongo服務。

5、關閉剛恢復的MongoDB，將數據目錄同步到另一臺服務器上，作為Secondary

通過之前，確認該臺服務器上的mongo是無任何數據。將Primary服務上的 /data/mongodb/data 同步到 Secondary服務器上??/data/mongodb/data

6、依次開啟Primary、Secondary、Arbiter的mongo服務

7、在Primary服務器上，將Secondary、Arbiter加入到Replica Set集群中來

查看當前Replica Set集群的配置

rs0:PRIMARY> rs.conf() {"_id" : "rs0","version" : 1,"protocolVersion" : NumberLong(1),"writeConcernMajorityJournalDefault" : true,"members" : [{"_id" : 0,"host" : "10.10.18.10:27017","arbiterOnly" : false,"buildIndexes" : true,"hidden" : false,"priority" : 1,"tags" : {},"slaveDelay" : NumberLong(0),"votes" : 1}],"settings" : {"chainingAllowed" : true,"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : 2000,"heartbeatTimeoutSecs" : 10,"electionTimeoutMillis" : 10000,"catchUpTimeoutMillis" : -1,"catchUpTakeoverDelayMillis" : 30000,"getLastErrorModes" : {},"getLastErrorDefaults" : {"w" : 1,"wtimeout" : 0},"replicaSetId" : ObjectId("5d01bad15dfd3f294d147b36")} }

可以看到當前Replica Set集群中就一臺服務器

將Secondary、Arbiter加入到Replica Set集群中

rs0:PRIMARY> rs.add( ... { ... _id: 1, ... host:'10.10.18.11:27017', ... priority:1 ... } ... ) {"ok" : 1,"operationTime" : Timestamp(1560397822, 1),"$clusterTime" : {"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1560397822, 1),"signature" : {"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),"keyId" : NumberLong(0)}} } rs0:PRIMARY> rs.add( ... { ... _id: 2, ... host:'10.10.18.12:27017', ... arbiterOnly:true ... } ... ) {"ok" : 1,"operationTime" : Timestamp(1560397830, 1),"$clusterTime" : {"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1560397830, 1),"signature" : {"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),"keyId" : NumberLong(0)}

再次查看狀態：

rs0:PRIMARY> rs.conf() {"_id" : "rs0","version" : 3,"protocolVersion" : NumberLong(1),"writeConcernMajorityJournalDefault" : true,"members" : [{"_id" : 0,"host" : "10.10.18.10:27017","arbiterOnly" : false,"buildIndexes" : true,"hidden" : false,"priority" : 1,"tags" : {},"slaveDelay" : NumberLong(0),"votes" : 1},{"_id" : 1,"host" : "10.10.18.11:27017","arbiterOnly" : false,"buildIndexes" : true,"hidden" : false,"priority" : 1,"tags" : {},"slaveDelay" : NumberLong(0),"votes" : 1},{"_id" : 2,"host" : "10.10.18.12:27017","arbiterOnly" : true,"buildIndexes" : true,"hidden" : false,"priority" : 0,"tags" : {},"slaveDelay" : NumberLong(0),"votes" : 1}],"settings" : {"chainingAllowed" : true,"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : 2000,"heartbeatTimeoutSecs" : 10,"electionTimeoutMillis" : 10000,"catchUpTimeoutMillis" : -1,"catchUpTakeoverDelayMillis" : 30000,"getLastErrorModes" : {},"getLastErrorDefaults" : {"w" : 1,"wtimeout" : 0},"replicaSetId" : ObjectId("5d01bad15dfd3f294d147b36")} }

加入成功。

開啟認證訪問

在三臺服務器的配置文件中添加：

security:keyFile: "/data/mongodb/keyfile"authorization: "enabled"

然后依次關閉：Arbiter?Secondary?Primary

依次開啟：Primary?Secondary?Arbiter?

security:keyFile: "/data/mongodb/keyfile"authorization: "enabled"

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/sz-wenbin/p/11004179.html

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