Oracle 用户 对 表空间 配额（quota ） 说明
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一. 官網(wǎng)的說明
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Oracle 官網(wǎng)對quota的定義如下：
??????????? A limit on a resource, such as a limit on the amount of database storage used by a database user. A database administrator can set tablespace quotas for each Oracle Database username.
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有關(guān)Oracle Quota 這塊，只在Oracle 的安全管理這塊搜到了一些內(nèi)容。
??????????? Managing Security for Oracle Database Users
??????????? http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/network.112/e16543/users.htm#DBSEG10220
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1.1 ??Assigning a Tablespace Quota for the User
??????????? You can assign each user a tablespace quota for any tablespace (except a temporary tablespace). Assigning a quota accomplishes the following:
（1）Users with privileges to create certain types of objects can create those objects in the specified tablespace.
（2）Oracle Database limits the amount of space that can be allocated for storage of a user's objects within the specified tablespace to the amount of the quota.
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??????????? By default, a user has no quota on any tablespace in the database. If the user has the privilege to create a schema object, then you must assign a quota to allow the user to create objects. At a minimum, assign users a quota for the default tablespace, and additional quotas for other tablespaces in which they can create objects.
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??????????? The following CREATE USER statement assigns the following quotas for the test_ts and data_ts tablespaces:
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CREATE USER jward
?IDENTIFIED BY password
?DEFAULT TABLESPACE data_ts
?QUOTA 100M ON test_ts
?QUOTA 500K ON data_ts
?TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp_ts
?PROFILE clerk;
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-- 在創(chuàng)建用戶的時候，就指定用戶在特定表空間上的配額
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??????????? You can assign a user either individual quotas for a specific amount of disk space in each tablespace or an unlimited amount of disk space in all tablespaces. Specific quotas prevent a user's objects from using too much space in the database.
-- 配額的指定可以禁止用戶的對象使用過多的表空間
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??????????? You can assign quotas to a user tablespace when you create the user, or add or change quotas later. (You can find existing user quotas by querying the USER_TS_QUOTAS view.) 。
??????????? If a new quota is less than the old one, then the following conditions remain true:
??????????? （1）If a user has already exceeded a new tablespace quota, then the objects of a user in the tablespace cannot be allocated more space until the combined space of these objects is less than the new quota.
??????????? （2）If a user has not exceeded a new tablespace quota, or if the space used by the objects of the user in the tablespace falls under a new tablespace quota, then the user's objects can be allocated space up to the new quota.
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1.2 ?Restricting the Quota Limits for User Objects in a Tablespace
??????????? You can restrict the quota limits for user objects in a tablespace by using the ALTER USER SQL statement to change the current quota of the user to zero.
??????????? After a quota of zero is assigned, the objects of the user in the tablespace remain, and the user can still create new objects, but the existing objects will not be allocated any new space.
??????????? For example, you could not insert data into one of this user's exiting tables. The operation will fail with an ORA-1536 space quota exceeded for tables error.
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1.3 ?Granting Users the UNLIMITED TABLESPACE System Privilege
??????????? To permit a user to use an unlimited amount of any tablespace in the database, grant the user the UNLIMITED TABLESPACE system privilege. This overrides all explicit tablespace quotas for the user. If you later revoke the privilege, then you must explicitly grant quotas to individual tablespaces. You can grant this privilege only to users, not to roles.
??????????? Before granting the UNLIMITED TABLESPACE system privilege, you must consider the consequences of doing so.
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Advantage:
??????????? You can grant a user unlimited access to all tablespaces of a database with one statement.
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Disadvantages:
??????????? （1）The privilege overrides all explicit tablespace quotas for the user.
??????????? （2）You cannot selectively revoke tablespace access from a user with the UNLIMITED TABLESPACE privilege. You can grant selective or restricted access only after revoking the privilege.
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1.4 ?Listing All Tablespace Quotas
??????????? Use the DBA_TS_QUOTAS view to list all tablespace quotas specifically assigned to each user. For example:
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SELECT * FROM DBA_TS_QUOTAS; ? TABLESPACE??? USERNAME??? BYTES???? MAX_BYTES??? BLOCKS??? MAX_BLOCKS ----------??? ---------? --------?? ----------?? -------?? ---------- USERS???????? JFEE????????????? 0?????? 512000???????? 0????????? 250 USERS???????? DCRANNEY????????? 0?????????? -1????? ???0?????????? -1?
??????????? When specific quotas are assigned, the exact number is indicated in the MAX_BYTES column. This number is always a multiple of the database block size, so if you specify a tablespace quota that is not a multiple of the database block size, then it is rounded up accordingly. Unlimited quotas are indicated by -1.
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二. ?Quota 說明
??????????? 配額大小指的是用戶指定使用表空間的的大小。在1.1 節(jié)里提到，默認情況下，用戶對所有表空間都是沒有配額的，即不受空間的限制。 查看幾個用戶的創(chuàng)建腳本來驗證一下：
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CREATE USER SYSTEM
? IDENTIFIED BY <password>
? DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSTEM
? TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP
? PROFILE DEFAULT
? ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
? -- 2 Roles for SYSTEM
? GRANT AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE TO SYSTEM WITH ADMIN OPTION;
? GRANT DBA TO SYSTEM WITH ADMIN OPTION;
? ALTER USER SYSTEM DEFAULT ROLE ALL;
? -- 5 System Privileges for SYSTEM
? GRANT GLOBAL QUERY REWRITE TO SYSTEM;
? GRANT CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW TO SYSTEM;
? GRANT CREATE TABLE TO SYSTEM;
? GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO SYSTEM WITH ADMIN OPTION;
? GRANT SELECT ANY TABLE TO SYSTEM;
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CREATE USER DAVE
? IDENTIFIED BY <password>
? DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS
? TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP
? PROFILE DEFAULT
? ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
? -- 2 Roles for DAVE
? GRANT CONNECT TO DAVE;
? GRANT RESOURCE TO DAVE;
? ALTER USER DAVE DEFAULT ROLE ALL;
? -- 1 System Privilege for DAVE
? GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO DAVE;
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??????????? 從這2個腳本來看，默認情況下，都會對用戶賦 unlimited tablespace 的權(quán)限。這是是在創(chuàng)建的時候指定的，當我們的用戶創(chuàng)建好之后，我們也可以修改用戶的配額。
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有關(guān)用戶的配額的操作說明
1. 創(chuàng)建用戶時，指定限額
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SQL> conn / as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> create user anqing identified by anqing default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp quota 10M on users;
User created.
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查詢用戶配額的信息：
SQL> select tablespace_name,username,max_bytes from? DBA_TS_QUOTAS where username='ANQING';
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TABLESPACE_NAME????? USERNAME??? MAX_BYTES
------------------------------ ---------- ----------
USERS??????????????????? ANQING?????? 10485760
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2.更改用戶的表空間限額：
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不對用戶做表空間限額控制:
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SQL> grant unlimited tablespace to anqing;
Grant succeeded.
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這種方式是全局性的. 即修改用戶多所有表空間的配額。
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如果我們想改某個具體的,即針對用戶的某個特定的表空間，可以使用如下SQL：
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SQL> alter user anqing quota unlimited on users;
User altered.
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查看配額：
SQL> select tablespace_name,username,max_bytes from? DBA_TS_QUOTAS where username='ANQING';
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TABLESPACE_NAME??????????????? USERNAME??? MAX_BYTES
------------------------------ ---------- ----------
USERS????????????????????????? ANQING???????????? -1
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這時候max_bytes 為-1，即不受限制。
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3. 回收用戶對表空間的配額:
同樣兩種方式，
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全局：
SQL> revoke unlimited tablespace from anqing;
Revoke succeeded.
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在查看配額，已經(jīng)沒有了相關(guān)信息：
SQL> select tablespace_name,username,max_bytes from? DBA_TS_QUOTAS where username='ANQING';
no rows selected
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針對某個特定的表空間：
SQL> alter user anqing quota 0 on users;
User altered.
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轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/hibernate315/archive/2011/05/11/2399034.html
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