本節(jié)內(nèi)容：

　　1、socket

　　2、IO多路復(fù)用

　　3、socketserver

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socket

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socket起源于Unix，而Unix/Linux基本哲學(xué)之一就是“一切皆文件”，對于文件用【打開】【讀寫】【關(guān)閉】模式來操作。socket就是該模式的一個實現(xiàn)，socket即是一種特殊的文件，一些socket函數(shù)就是對其進(jìn)行的操作（讀/寫IO、打開、關(guān)閉）

基本上，Socket 是任何一種計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊中最基礎(chǔ)的內(nèi)容。例如當(dāng)你在瀏覽器地址欄中輸入 http://www.cnblogs.com/?時，你會打開一個套接字，然后連接到 http://www.cnblogs.com/?并讀取響應(yīng)的頁面然后然后顯示出來。而其他一些聊天客戶端如 gtalk 和 skype 也是類似。任何網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊都是通過 Socket 來完成的。

Python 官方關(guān)于 Socket 的函數(shù)請看?http://docs.python.org/library/socket.html

socket和file的區(qū)別：

　　1、file模塊是針對某個指定文件進(jìn)行【打開】【讀寫】【關(guān)閉】

　　2、socket模塊是針對 服務(wù)器端 和 客戶端Socket 進(jìn)行【打開】【讀寫】【關(guān)閉】

那我們就先來創(chuàng)建一個socket服務(wù)端吧

import socketsk = socket.socket() sk.bind(("127.0.0.1",8080)) sk.listen(5)conn,address = sk.accept() sk.sendall(bytes("Hello world",encoding="utf-8")) server import socketobj = socket.socket() obj.connect(("127.0.0.1",8080))ret = str(obj.recv(1024),encoding="utf-8") print(ret) View Code

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socket更多功能

def bind(self, address): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""bind(address)Bind the socket to a local address. For IP sockets, the address is apair (host, port); the host must refer to the local host. For raw packetsockets the address is a tuple (ifname, proto [,pkttype [,hatype]])""" '''將套接字綁定到本地地址。是一個IP套接字的地址對(主機(jī)、端口),主機(jī)必須參考本地主機(jī)。'''passdef close(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""close()Close the socket. It cannot be used after this call."""'''關(guān)閉socket'''passdef connect(self, address): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""connect(address)Connect the socket to a remote address. For IP sockets, the addressis a pair (host, port)."""'''將套接字連接到遠(yuǎn)程地址。IP套接字的地址'''passdef connect_ex(self, address): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""connect_ex(address) -> errnoThis is like connect(address), but returns an error code (the errno value)instead of raising an exception when an error occurs."""passdef detach(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""detach()Close the socket object without closing the underlying file descriptor.The object cannot be used after this call, but the file descriptorcan be reused for other purposes. The file descriptor is returned.""" '''關(guān)閉套接字對象沒有關(guān)閉底層的文件描述符。'''passdef fileno(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""fileno() -> integerReturn the integer file descriptor of the socket."""'''返回整數(shù)的套接字的文件描述符。'''return 0def getpeername(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""getpeername() -> address infoReturn the address of the remote endpoint. For IP sockets, the addressinfo is a pair (hostaddr, port)."""'''返回遠(yuǎn)程端點的地址。IP套接字的地址'''passdef getsockname(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""getsockname() -> address infoReturn the address of the local endpoint. For IP sockets, the addressinfo is a pair (hostaddr, port)."""'''返回遠(yuǎn)程端點的地址。IP套接字的地址'''passdef getsockopt(self, level, option, buffersize=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""getsockopt(level, option[, buffersize]) -> valueGet a socket option. See the Unix manual for level and option.If a nonzero buffersize argument is given, the return value is astring of that length; otherwise it is an integer."""'''得到一個套接字選項'''passdef gettimeout(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""gettimeout() -> timeoutReturns the timeout in seconds (float) associated with socket operations. A timeout of None indicates that timeouts on socket operations are disabled."""'''返回的超時秒數(shù)(浮動)與套接字相關(guān)聯(lián)'''return timeoutdef ioctl(self, cmd, option): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""ioctl(cmd, option) -> longControl the socket with WSAIoctl syscall. Currently supported 'cmd' values areSIO_RCVALL: 'option' must be one of the socket.RCVALL_* constants.SIO_KEEPALIVE_VALS: 'option' is a tuple of (onoff, timeout, interval)."""return 0def listen(self, backlog=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""listen([backlog])Enable a server to accept connections. If backlog is specified, it must beat least 0 (if it is lower, it is set to 0); it specifies the number ofunaccepted connections that the system will allow before refusing newconnections. If not specified, a default reasonable value is chosen."""'''使服務(wù)器能夠接受連接。'''passdef recv(self, buffersize, flags=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""recv(buffersize[, flags]) -> dataReceive up to buffersize bytes from the socket. For the optional flagsargument, see the Unix manual. When no data is available, block untilat least one byte is available or until the remote end is closed. Whenthe remote end is closed and all data is read, return the empty string.""" '''當(dāng)沒有數(shù)據(jù)可用,阻塞,直到至少一個字節(jié)是可用的或遠(yuǎn)程結(jié)束之前關(guān)閉。'''passdef recvfrom(self, buffersize, flags=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""recvfrom(buffersize[, flags]) -> (data, address info)Like recv(buffersize, flags) but also return the sender's address info."""passdef recvfrom_into(self, buffer, nbytes=None, flags=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""recvfrom_into(buffer[, nbytes[, flags]]) -> (nbytes, address info)Like recv_into(buffer[, nbytes[, flags]]) but also return the sender's address info."""passdef recv_into(self, buffer, nbytes=None, flags=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""recv_into(buffer, [nbytes[, flags]]) -> nbytes_readA version of recv() that stores its data into a buffer rather than creating a new string. Receive up to buffersize bytes from the socket. If buffersize is not specified (or 0), receive up to the size available in the given buffer.See recv() for documentation about the flags."""passdef send(self, data, flags=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""send(data[, flags]) -> countSend a data string to the socket. For the optional flagsargument, see the Unix manual. Return the number of bytessent; this may be less than len(data) if the network is busy."""'''發(fā)送一個數(shù)據(jù)字符串到套接字。'''passdef sendall(self, data, flags=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""sendall(data[, flags])Send a data string to the socket. For the optional flagsargument, see the Unix manual. This calls send() repeatedlyuntil all data is sent. If an error occurs, it's impossibleto tell how much data has been sent."""'''發(fā)送一個數(shù)據(jù)字符串到套接字，直到所有數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送完成'''passdef sendto(self, data, flags=None, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; NOTE: unreliably restored from __doc__ """sendto(data[, flags], address) -> countLike send(data, flags) but allows specifying the destination address.For IP sockets, the address is a pair (hostaddr, port)."""passdef setblocking(self, flag): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""setblocking(flag)Set the socket to blocking (flag is true) or non-blocking (false).setblocking(True) is equivalent to settimeout(None);setblocking(False) is equivalent to settimeout(0.0).""" '''是否阻塞（默認(rèn)True），如果設(shè)置False，那么accept和recv時一旦無數(shù)據(jù)，則報錯。'''passdef setsockopt(self, level, option, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""setsockopt(level, option, value)Set a socket option. See the Unix manual for level and option.The value argument can either be an integer or a string."""passdef settimeout(self, timeout): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""settimeout(timeout)Set a timeout on socket operations. 'timeout' can be a float,giving in seconds, or None. Setting a timeout of None disablesthe timeout feature and is equivalent to setblocking(1).Setting a timeout of zero is the same as setblocking(0)."""passdef share(self, process_id): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""share(process_id) -> bytesShare the socket with another process. The target process idmust be provided and the resulting bytes object passed to the targetprocess. There the shared socket can be instantiated by callingsocket.fromshare()."""return b""def shutdown(self, flag): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""shutdown(flag)Shut down the reading side of the socket (flag == SHUT_RD), the writing sideof the socket (flag == SHUT_WR), or both ends (flag == SHUT_RDWR)."""passdef _accept(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""_accept() -> (integer, address info)Wait for an incoming connection. Return a new socket file descriptorrepresenting the connection, and the address of the client.For IP sockets, the address info is a pair (hostaddr, port)."""pass 更多功能

注：擼主知道大家懶，所以把全部功能的中文標(biāo)記在每個功能的下面啦。下面擼主列一些經(jīng)常用到的吧

sk.bind(address)

　　s.bind(address) 將套接字綁定到地址。address地址的格式取決于地址族。在AF_INET下，以元組（host,port）的形式表示地址。

sk.listen(backlog)

　　開始監(jiān)聽傳入連接。backlog指定在拒絕連接之前，可以掛起的最大連接數(shù)量。

? ? backlog等于5，表示內(nèi)核已經(jīng)接到了連接請求，但服務(wù)器還沒有調(diào)用accept進(jìn)行處理的連接個數(shù)最大為5
? ? 這個值不能無限大，因為要在內(nèi)核中維護(hù)連接隊列

sk.setblocking(bool)

　　是否阻塞（默認(rèn)True），如果設(shè)置False，那么accept和recv時一旦無數(shù)據(jù)，則報錯。

sk.accept()

　　接受連接并返回（conn,address）,其中conn是新的套接字對象，可以用來接收和發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)。address是連接客戶端的地址。

　　接收TCP 客戶的連接（阻塞式）等待連接的到來

sk.connect(address)

　　連接到address處的套接字。一般，address的格式為元組（hostname,port）,如果連接出錯，返回socket.error錯誤。

sk.connect_ex(address)

　　同上，只不過會有返回值，連接成功時返回 0 ，連接失敗時候返回編碼，例如：10061

sk.close()

　　關(guān)閉套接字

sk.recv(bufsize[,flag])

　　接受套接字的數(shù)據(jù)。數(shù)據(jù)以字符串形式返回，bufsize指定最多可以接收的數(shù)量。flag提供有關(guān)消息的其他信息，通常可以忽略。

sk.recvfrom(bufsize[.flag])

　　與recv()類似，但返回值是（data,address）。其中data是包含接收數(shù)據(jù)的字符串，address是發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)的套接字地址。

sk.send(string[,flag])

　　將string中的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到連接的套接字。返回值是要發(fā)送的字節(jié)數(shù)量，該數(shù)量可能小于string的字節(jié)大小。即：可能未將指定內(nèi)容全部發(fā)送。

sk.sendall(string[,flag])

　　將string中的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到連接的套接字，但在返回之前會嘗試發(fā)送所有數(shù)據(jù)。成功返回None，失敗則拋出異常。

? ? 內(nèi)部通過遞歸調(diào)用send，將所有內(nèi)容發(fā)送出去。

sk.sendto(string[,flag],address)

　　將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到套接字，address是形式為（ipaddr，port）的元組，指定遠(yuǎn)程地址。返回值是發(fā)送的字節(jié)數(shù)。該函數(shù)主要用于UDP協(xié)議。

sk.settimeout(timeout)

　　設(shè)置套接字操作的超時期，timeout是一個浮點數(shù)，單位是秒。值為None表示沒有超時期。一般，超時期應(yīng)該在剛創(chuàng)建套接字時設(shè)置，因為它們可能用于連接的操作（如 client 連接最多等待5s ）

sk.getpeername()

　　返回連接套接字的遠(yuǎn)程地址。返回值通常是元組（ipaddr,port）。

sk.getsockname()

　　返回套接字自己的地址。通常是一個元組(ipaddr,port)

sk.fileno()

　　套接字的文件描述符

TCP：

import socketserver 服務(wù)端class Myserver(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):def handle(self):conn = self.requestconn.sendall(bytes("你好，我是機(jī)器人",encoding="utf-8"))while True:ret_bytes = conn.recv(1024)ret_str = str(ret_bytes,encoding="utf-8")if ret_str == "q":breakconn.sendall(bytes(ret_str+"你好我好大家好",encoding="utf-8"))if __name__ == "__main__":server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(("127.0.0.1",8080),Myserver)server.serve_forever()客戶端import socketobj = socket.socket()obj.connect(("127.0.0.1",8080))ret_bytes = obj.recv(1024) ret_str = str(ret_bytes,encoding="utf-8") print(ret_str)while True:inp = input("你好請問您有什么問題？ \n >>>")if inp == "q":obj.sendall(bytes(inp,encoding="utf-8"))breakelse:obj.sendall(bytes(inp, encoding="utf-8"))ret_bytes = obj.recv(1024)ret_str = str(ret_bytes,encoding="utf-8")print(ret_str) 案例一 機(jī)器人聊天 服務(wù)端import socketsk = socket.socket()sk.bind(("127.0.0.1",8080)) sk.listen(5)while True:conn,address = sk.accept()conn.sendall(bytes("歡迎光臨我愛我家",encoding="utf-8"))size = conn.recv(1024)size_str = str(size,encoding="utf-8")file_size = int(size_str)conn.sendall(bytes("開始傳送", encoding="utf-8"))has_size = 0f = open("db_new.jpg","wb")while True:if file_size == has_size:breakdate = conn.recv(1024)f.write(date)has_size += len(date)f.close()客戶端import socket import osobj = socket.socket()obj.connect(("127.0.0.1",8080))ret_bytes = obj.recv(1024) ret_str = str(ret_bytes,encoding="utf-8") print(ret_str)size = os.stat("yan.jpg").st_size obj.sendall(bytes(str(size),encoding="utf-8"))obj.recv(1024)with open("yan.jpg","rb") as f:for line in f:obj.sendall(line) 案例二 上傳文件

UdP

import socket ip_port = ('127.0.0.1',9999) sk = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM,0) sk.bind(ip_port)while True:data = sk.recv(1024)print dataimport socket ip_port = ('127.0.0.1',9999)sk = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM,0) while True:inp = input('數(shù)據(jù)：').strip()if inp == 'exit':breaksk.sendto(bytes(inp,encoding = "utf-8"),ip_port)sk.close() udp傳輸

WEB服務(wù)應(yīng)用：

#!/usr/bin/env python #coding:utf-8 import socketdef handle_request(client):buf = client.recv(1024)client.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n")client.send("Hello, World")def main():sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)sock.bind(('localhost',8080))sock.listen(5)while True:connection, address = sock.accept()handle_request(connection)connection.close()if __name__ == '__main__':main()

?

IO多路復(fù)用

首先什么是I/O：

I/O（input/output），即輸入/輸出端口。每個設(shè)備都會有一個專用的I/O地址，用來處理自己的輸入輸出信息

I/O分為磁盤io和網(wǎng)絡(luò)io，這里說的是網(wǎng)絡(luò)io

IO多路復(fù)用:

I/O多路復(fù)用指：通過一種機(jī)制，可以監(jiān)視多個描述符(socket)，一旦某個描述符就緒（一般是讀就緒或者寫就緒），能夠通知程序進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的讀寫操作。

Linux

Linux中的 select，poll，epoll 都是IO多路復(fù)用的機(jī)制。

Linux下網(wǎng)絡(luò)I/O使用socket套接字來通信，普通I/O模型只能監(jiān)聽一個socket，而I/O多路復(fù)用可同時監(jiān)聽多個socket.

I/O多路復(fù)用避免阻塞在io上，原本為多進(jìn)程或多線程來接收多個連接的消息變?yōu)閱芜M(jìn)程或單線程保存多個socket的狀態(tài)后輪詢處理.

Python ?

Python中有一個select模塊，其中提供了：select、poll、epoll三個方法，分別調(diào)用系統(tǒng)的 select，poll，epoll 從而實現(xiàn)IO多路復(fù)用。

Windows Python：提供： selectMac Python：提供： selectLinux Python：提供： select、poll、epoll

對于select模塊操作的方法：

句柄列表11, 句柄列表22, 句柄列表33 = select.select(句柄序列1, 句柄序列2, 句柄序列3, 超時時間)參數(shù)： 可接受四個參數(shù)（前三個必須） 返回值：三個列表select方法用來監(jiān)視文件句柄，如果句柄發(fā)生變化，則獲取該句柄。 1、當(dāng) 參數(shù)1 序列中的句柄發(fā)生可讀時（accetp和read），則獲取發(fā)生變化的句柄并添加到 返回值1 序列中 2、當(dāng) 參數(shù)2 序列中含有句柄時，則將該序列中所有的句柄添加到 返回值2 序列中 3、當(dāng) 參數(shù)3 序列中的句柄發(fā)生錯誤時，則將該發(fā)生錯誤的句柄添加到 返回值3 序列中 4、當(dāng) 超時時間 未設(shè)置，則select會一直阻塞，直到監(jiān)聽的句柄發(fā)生變化 5、當(dāng) 超時時間 ＝ 1時，那么如果監(jiān)聽的句柄均無任何變化，則select會阻塞 1 秒，之后返回三個空列表，如果監(jiān)聽的句柄有變化，則直接執(zhí)行。 import socket import selectsk1 = socket.socket() sk1.bind(("127.0.0.1",8001)) sk1.listen()sk2 = socket.socket() sk2.bind(("127.0.0.1",8002)) sk2.listen()sk3 = socket.socket() sk3.bind(("127.0.0.1",8003)) sk3.listen()li = [sk1,sk2,sk3]while True:r_list,w_list,e_list = select.select(li,[],[],1) # r_list可變化的for line in r_list: conn,address = line.accept()conn.sendall(bytes("Hello World !",encoding="utf-8")) 利用select監(jiān)聽終端操作實例 服務(wù)端： sk1 = socket.socket() sk1.bind(("127.0.0.1",8001)) sk1.listen()inpu = [sk1,]while True:r_list,w_list,e_list = select.select(inpu,[],[],1)for sk in r_list:if sk == sk1:conn,address = sk.accept()inpu.append(conn)else:try:ret = str(sk.recv(1024),encoding="utf-8")sk.sendall(bytes(ret+"hao",encoding="utf-8"))except Exception as ex:inpu.remove(sk)客戶端 import socketobj = socket.socket()obj.connect(('127.0.0.1',8001))while True:inp = input("Please(q\退出):\n>>>")obj.sendall(bytes(inp,encoding="utf-8"))if inp == "q":breakret = str(obj.recv(1024),encoding="utf-8")print(ret) 利用select實現(xiàn)偽同時處理多個Socket客戶端請求 服務(wù)端： import socket sk1 = socket.socket() sk1.bind(("127.0.0.1",8001)) sk1.listen() inputs = [sk1] import select message_dic = {} outputs = [] while True:r_list, w_list, e_list = select.select(inputs,[],inputs,1)print("正在監(jiān)聽的socket對象%d" % len(inputs))print(r_list)for sk1_or_conn in r_list:if sk1_or_conn == sk1:conn,address = sk1_or_conn.accept()inputs.append(conn)message_dic[conn] = []else:try:data_bytes = sk1_or_conn.recv(1024)data_str = str(data_bytes,encoding="utf-8")sk1_or_conn.sendall(bytes(data_str+"好",encoding="utf-8"))except Exception as ex:inputs.remove(sk1_or_conn)else:data_str = str(data_bytes,encoding="utf-8")message_dic[sk1_or_conn].append(data_str)outputs.append(sk1_or_conn)for conn in w_list:recv_str = message_dic[conn][0]del message_dic[conn][0]conn.sendall(bytes(recv_str+"好",encoding="utf-8"))for sk in e_list:inputs.remove(sk)客戶端： import socketobj = socket.socket()obj.connect(('127.0.0.1',8001))while True:inp = input("Please(q\退出):\n>>>")obj.sendall(bytes(inp,encoding="utf-8"))if inp == "q":breakret = str(obj.recv(1024),encoding="utf-8")print(ret) 利用select實現(xiàn)偽同時處理多個Socket客戶端請求讀寫分離

?

socketserver

SocketServer內(nèi)部使用 IO多路復(fù)用 以及 “多線程” 和 “多進(jìn)程” ，從而實現(xiàn)并發(fā)處理多個客戶端請求的Socket服務(wù)端。即：每個客戶端請求連接到服務(wù)器時，Socket服務(wù)端都會在服務(wù)器是創(chuàng)建一個“線程”或者“進(jìn)程” 專門負(fù)責(zé)處理當(dāng)前客戶端的所有請求。

ThreadingTCPServer

ThreadingTCPServer實現(xiàn)的Soket服務(wù)器內(nèi)部會為每個client創(chuàng)建一個 “線程”，該線程用來和客戶端進(jìn)行交互。

1、ThreadingTCPServer基礎(chǔ)

使用ThreadingTCPServer:

• 創(chuàng)建一個繼承自 SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler 的類
• 類中必須定義一個名稱為 handle 的方法
• 啟動ThreadingTCPServer

import socketserverclass Myserver(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):def handle(self):conn = self.requestconn.sendall(bytes("你好，我是機(jī)器人",encoding="utf-8"))while True:ret_bytes = conn.recv(1024)ret_str = str(ret_bytes,encoding="utf-8")if ret_str == "q":breakconn.sendall(bytes(ret_str+"你好我好大家好",encoding="utf-8"))if __name__ == "__main__":server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(("127.0.0.1",8080),Myserver)server.serve_forever() 服務(wù)端 import socketobj = socket.socket()obj.connect(("127.0.0.1",8080))ret_bytes = obj.recv(1024) ret_str = str(ret_bytes,encoding="utf-8") print(ret_str)while True:inp = input("你好請問您有什么問題？ \n >>>")if inp == "q":obj.sendall(bytes(inp,encoding="utf-8"))breakelse:obj.sendall(bytes(inp, encoding="utf-8"))ret_bytes = obj.recv(1024)ret_str = str(ret_bytes,encoding="utf-8")print(ret_str) 客戶端

2、ThreadingTCPServer源碼剖析

ThreadingTCPServer的類圖關(guān)系如下：

內(nèi)部調(diào)用流程為：

• 啟動服務(wù)端程序
• 執(zhí)行 TCPServer.__init__ 方法，創(chuàng)建服務(wù)端Socket對象并綁定 IP 和 端口
• 執(zhí)行 BaseServer.__init__ 方法，將自定義的繼承自SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler 的類 MyRequestHandle賦值給?self.RequestHandlerClass
• 執(zhí)行 BaseServer.server_forever 方法，While 循環(huán)一直監(jiān)聽是否有客戶端請求到達(dá) ...
• 當(dāng)客戶端連接到達(dá)服務(wù)器
• 執(zhí)行 ThreadingMixIn.process_request 方法，創(chuàng)建一個 “線程” 用來處理請求
• 執(zhí)行?ThreadingMixIn.process_request_thread 方法
• 執(zhí)行 BaseServer.finish_request 方法，執(zhí)行?self.RequestHandlerClass() ?即：執(zhí)行 自定義 MyRequestHandler 的構(gòu)造方法（自動調(diào)用基類BaseRequestHandler的構(gòu)造方法，在該構(gòu)造方法中又會調(diào)用 MyRequestHandler的handle方法）

相對應(yīng)的源碼如下：

class BaseServer:"""Base class for server classes.Methods for the caller:- __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass)- serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5)- shutdown()- handle_request() # if you do not use serve_forever()- fileno() -> int # for select()Methods that may be overridden:- server_bind()- server_activate()- get_request() -> request, client_address- handle_timeout()- verify_request(request, client_address)- server_close()- process_request(request, client_address)- shutdown_request(request)- close_request(request)- handle_error()Methods for derived classes:- finish_request(request, client_address)Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes orinstances:- timeout- address_family- socket_type- allow_reuse_addressInstance variables:- RequestHandlerClass- socket"""timeout = Nonedef __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass):"""Constructor. May be extended, do not override."""self.server_address = server_addressself.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClassself.__is_shut_down = threading.Event()self.__shutdown_request = Falsedef server_activate(self):"""Called by constructor to activate the server.May be overridden."""passdef serve_forever(self, poll_interval=0.5):"""Handle one request at a time until shutdown.Polls for shutdown every poll_interval seconds. Ignoresself.timeout. If you need to do periodic tasks, do them inanother thread."""self.__is_shut_down.clear()try:while not self.__shutdown_request:# XXX: Consider using another file descriptor or# connecting to the socket to wake this up instead of# polling. Polling reduces our responsiveness to a# shutdown request and wastes cpu at all other times.r, w, e = _eintr_retry(select.select, [self], [], [],poll_interval)if self in r:self._handle_request_noblock()finally:self.__shutdown_request = Falseself.__is_shut_down.set()def shutdown(self):"""Stops the serve_forever loop.Blocks until the loop has finished. This must be called whileserve_forever() is running in another thread, or it willdeadlock."""self.__shutdown_request = Trueself.__is_shut_down.wait()# The distinction between handling, getting, processing and# finishing a request is fairly arbitrary. Remember:# # - handle_request() is the top-level call. It calls# select, get_request(), verify_request() and process_request()# - get_request() is different for stream or datagram sockets# - process_request() is the place that may fork a new process# or create a new thread to finish the request# - finish_request() instantiates the request handler class;# this constructor will handle the request all by itselfdef handle_request(self):"""Handle one request, possibly blocking.Respects self.timeout."""# Support people who used socket.settimeout() to escape# handle_request before self.timeout was available.timeout = self.socket.gettimeout()if timeout is None:timeout = self.timeoutelif self.timeout is not None:timeout = min(timeout, self.timeout)fd_sets = _eintr_retry(select.select, [self], [], [], timeout)if not fd_sets[0]:self.handle_timeout()returnself._handle_request_noblock()def _handle_request_noblock(self):"""Handle one request, without blocking.I assume that select.select has returned that the socket isreadable before this function was called, so there should beno risk of blocking in get_request()."""try:request, client_address = self.get_request()except socket.error:returnif self.verify_request(request, client_address):try:self.process_request(request, client_address)except:self.handle_error(request, client_address)self.shutdown_request(request)def handle_timeout(self):"""Called if no new request arrives within self.timeout.Overridden by ForkingMixIn."""passdef verify_request(self, request, client_address):"""Verify the request. May be overridden.Return True if we should proceed with this request."""return Truedef process_request(self, request, client_address):"""Call finish_request.Overridden by ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn."""self.finish_request(request, client_address)self.shutdown_request(request)def server_close(self):"""Called to clean-up the server.May be overridden."""passdef finish_request(self, request, client_address):"""Finish one request by instantiating RequestHandlerClass."""self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)def shutdown_request(self, request):"""Called to shutdown and close an individual request."""self.close_request(request)def close_request(self, request):"""Called to clean up an individual request."""passdef handle_error(self, request, client_address):"""Handle an error gracefully. May be overridden.The default is to print a traceback and continue."""print '-'*40print 'Exception happened during processing of request from',print client_addressimport tracebacktraceback.print_exc() # XXX But this goes to stderr!print '-'*40 Baseserver class TCPServer(BaseServer):"""Base class for various socket-based server classes.Defaults to synchronous IP stream (i.e., TCP).Methods for the caller:- __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True)- serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5)- shutdown()- handle_request() # if you don't use serve_forever()- fileno() -> int # for select()Methods that may be overridden:- server_bind()- server_activate()- get_request() -> request, client_address- handle_timeout()- verify_request(request, client_address)- process_request(request, client_address)- shutdown_request(request)- close_request(request)- handle_error()Methods for derived classes:- finish_request(request, client_address)Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes orinstances:- timeout- address_family- socket_type- request_queue_size (only for stream sockets)- allow_reuse_addressInstance variables:- server_address- RequestHandlerClass- socket"""address_family = socket.AF_INETsocket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAMrequest_queue_size = 5allow_reuse_address = Falsedef __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True):"""Constructor. May be extended, do not override."""BaseServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass)self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,self.socket_type)if bind_and_activate:try:self.server_bind()self.server_activate()except:self.server_close()raisedef server_bind(self):"""Called by constructor to bind the socket.May be overridden."""if self.allow_reuse_address:self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)self.socket.bind(self.server_address)self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname()def server_activate(self):"""Called by constructor to activate the server.May be overridden."""self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)def server_close(self):"""Called to clean-up the server.May be overridden."""self.socket.close()def fileno(self):"""Return socket file number.Interface required by select()."""return self.socket.fileno()def get_request(self):"""Get the request and client address from the socket.May be overridden."""return self.socket.accept()def shutdown_request(self, request):"""Called to shutdown and close an individual request."""try:#explicitly shutdown. socket.close() merely releases#the socket and waits for GC to perform the actual close. request.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)except socket.error:pass #some platforms may raise ENOTCONN here self.close_request(request)def close_request(self, request):"""Called to clean up an individual request."""request.close() TCP server class ThreadingMixIn:"""Mix-in class to handle each request in a new thread."""# Decides how threads will act upon termination of the# main processdaemon_threads = Falsedef process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):"""Same as in BaseServer but as a thread.In addition, exception handling is done here."""try:self.finish_request(request, client_address)self.shutdown_request(request)except:self.handle_error(request, client_address)self.shutdown_request(request)def process_request(self, request, client_address):"""Start a new thread to process the request."""t = threading.Thread(target = self.process_request_thread,args = (request, client_address))t.daemon = self.daemon_threadst.start() ThreadingMixIn class BaseRequestHandler:"""Base class for request handler classes.This class is instantiated for each request to be handled. Theconstructor sets the instance variables request, client_addressand server, and then calls the handle() method. To implement aspecific service, all you need to do is to derive a class whichdefines a handle() method.The handle() method can find the request as self.request, theclient address as self.client_address, and the server (in case itneeds access to per-server information) as self.server. Since aseparate instance is created for each request, the handle() methodcan define arbitrary other instance variariables."""def __init__(self, request, client_address, server):self.request = requestself.client_address = client_addressself.server = serverself.setup()try:self.handle()finally:self.finish()def setup(self):passdef handle(self):passdef finish(self):pass SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler

SocketServer的ThreadingTCPServer之所以可以同時處理請求得益于?select?和?Threading?兩個東西，其實本質(zhì)上就是在服務(wù)器端為每一個客戶端創(chuàng)建一個線程，當(dāng)前線程用來處理對應(yīng)客戶端的請求，所以，可以支持同時n個客戶端鏈接（長連接）。

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轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/aylin/p/5816871.html

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