一、linux磁盤管理

命令：fdisk -l

brwx-rw--- 其中b(占位符)代表block,塊設備文件

sda,sdb... --> 硬盤 其中sda1,sda2..sdb1,sdb2...-->硬盤分區 (s:硬盤接口;d:disk)

• 了解硬盤接口：stata,sas --> 服務器借口
• 　　　　　　 ? scsi,ide ? --> 個人電腦接口
• fdisk -l 后有個 ?cylinder ?　 ?: 磁柱
  • 起始與結束
  • 查看硬盤是否分區

虛擬機添加新硬盤(單個文件),重新啟動,分區

概念：主分區(格式化后直接使用)，擴展分區(格式化后還要進行邏輯分區才能使用)，邏輯分區(與主分區類似,但非系統分區)

利用fdisk /dev/sdb來對sdb(新加的硬盤)進行分區

分區步驟：分一個10G的主分區，剩下的為擴展分區，再從擴展分區中分出兩塊邏輯分區，結構為2+1

分區保存后,重啟使分區文件加載生效

格式化：mkfs.文件系統(ext1,ext2,ext3,ext4,centos 7 使用的文件系統xfs) 例：mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb6

格式化完畢,還需要掛載磁盤(mount臨時的,用法mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/（一般掛載點）),才能使用

若要永久掛載,需要寫入配置文件/etc/fstab

取消掛載 umount /mnt/

查看掛載信息,容量等信息(df -h)

二、實際操作

[root@hadoop09-linux ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x2859532e. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended toswitch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units tosectors (command 'u').Command (m for help): m Command actiona toggle a bootable flagb edit bsd disklabelc toggle the dos compatibility flagd delete a partitionl list known partition typesm print this menun add a new partitiono create a new empty DOS partition tablep print the partition tableq quit without saving changess create a new empty Sun disklabelt change a partition's system idu change display/entry unitsv verify the partition tablew write table to disk and exitx extra functionality (experts only)Command (m for help): n Command actione extendedp primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +10GCommand (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x2859532eDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 LinuxCommand (m for help): n Command actione extendedp primary partition (1-4) e Partition number (1-4): 2 First cylinder (1307-2610, default 1307): Using default value 1307 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1307-2610, default 2610): Using default value 2610Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x2859532eDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1307 2610 10474380 5 ExtendedCommand (m for help): n Command actionl logical (5 or over)p primary partition (1-4) l First cylinder (1307-2610, default 1307): Using default value 1307 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1307-2610, default 2610): +4GCommand (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x2859532eDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1307 2610 10474380 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1307 1829 4200966 83 LinuxCommand (m for help): n Command actionl logical (5 or over)p primary partition (1-4) l First cylinder (1830-2610, default 1830): Using default value 1830 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1830-2610, default 2610): +4GCommand (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x2859532eDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1307 2610 10474380 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1307 1829 4200966 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 1830 2352 4200966 83 LinuxCommand (m for help): m Command actiona toggle a bootable flagb edit bsd disklabelc toggle the dos compatibility flagd delete a partitionl list known partition typesm print this menun add a new partitiono create a new empty DOS partition tablep print the partition tableq quit without saving changess create a new empty Sun disklabelt change a partition's system idu change display/entry unitsv verify the partition tablew write table to disk and exitx extra functionality (experts only)Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [root@hadoop09-linux ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00062208Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / SolarisDisk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x2859532eDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1307 2610 10474380 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1307 1829 4200966 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 1830 2352 4200966 83 Linux [root@hadoop09-linux ~]# rebootBroadcast message from root@hadoop09-linux.ibeifeng.com(/dev/pts/0) at 8:51 ...The system is going down for reboot NOW! [root@hadoop09-linux ~]# Connection closed by foreign host.Disconnected from remote host(CentOs_64) at 23:52:01.Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt. [d:\~]$ Connecting to 192.168.0.108:22... Connection established. To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.Last login: Wed Sep 7 08:27:29 2016 from 192.168.0.105 [root@hadoop09-linux ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00062208Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / SolarisDisk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x2859532eDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1307 2610 10474380 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1307 1829 4200966 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 1830 2352 4200966 83 Linux [root@hadoop09-linux ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb6 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 262944 inodes, 1050241 blocks 52512 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=1077936128 33 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 7968 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@hadoop09-linux ~]# mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ [root@hadoop09-linux ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 18G 2.5G 15G 15% / tmpfs 495M 72K 495M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 291M 33M 243M 12% /boot /dev/sdb6 4.0G 137M 3.7G 4% /mnt

　　永久掛載

[root@hadoop09-linux ~]# vi /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Fri Sep 2 08:10:36 2016 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=517d46c1-d4c6-41ba-94f7-b0cac93f178b / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=75090abd-0581-411d-863a-73d735fb90df /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=25865ffd-404c-49c2-afba-374d7a5a81df swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /etc/sdb6 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0

　　

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轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/eRrsr/p/5851591.html

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