pyquery操作
pyquery和我們之前用的jQuery有著異曲同工之處，使用起來更加方便，基本能滿足大部分時候我們的需求。
先引入一個小事例展示pyquery的操作：
html = ''' <div><ul><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div> ''' #引入pyquery from pyquery import PyQuery as pq #對html進行解析 doc = pq(html) #選擇出li的標簽 print(doc('li')) #所以li標簽都被抽取出來 <li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>pyquery可以直接解析url
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(url='http://www.baidu.com') print(doc('head')) <head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/><meta content="always" name="referrer"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css"/><title>???o|???????? ?°±?￥é</title></head>也可以是文件格式的html
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(filename='demo.html') print(doc('li'))pyquery支持css基本選擇器的使用，這點和bs4一樣：
html = ''' <div id="container"><ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div> ''' from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(html) print(doc('#container .list li')) <li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>可以對解析出來的pyquery對象再次解析出子元素
html = ''' <div id="container"><ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div> ''' from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(html) items = doc('.list') print(type(items))類型都是pyquery的obj print(items) lis = items.find('li')#查找子元素 print(type(lis)) print(lis) <class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'> <ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul><class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'> <li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li> find的結果或者使用children方法獲取所有子元素
lis = items.children() print(type(lis)) print(lis) <class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'> <li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li> children方法也可以使用children方法獲取指定的子元素
lis = items.children('.active') print(lis) <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li> 獲取到指定的子元素pyquery使用parent獲取父元素
html = ''' <div id="container"><ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div> ''' from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(html) items = doc('.list') container = items.parent() print(type(container)) print(container) <class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'> <div id="container"><ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div> 運行結果同樣的獲取所有的父節點則使用parents方法
html = ''' <div class="wrap"><div id="container"><ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div></div> ''' from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(html) items = doc('.list') parents = items.parents() print(type(parents)) print(parents) <class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'> <div class="wrap"><div id="container"><ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div></div><div id="container"><ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div> 運行結果獲取到指定的父節點
parent = items.parents('.wrap') print(parent) <div class="wrap"><div id="container"><ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div></div> 運行結果使用siblings獲取所有的兄弟元素
html = ''' <div class="wrap"><div id="container"><ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div></div> ''' from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(html) li = doc('.list .item-0.active') print(li.siblings()) <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li> 運行結果同樣可以獲取指定的兄弟節點
html = ''' <div class="wrap"><div id="container"><ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div></div> ''' from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(html) li = doc('.list .item-0.active') print(li.siblings('.active')) <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li> 運行結果多個選擇器得到某一個標簽
html = ''' <div class="wrap"><div id="container"><ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div></div> ''' from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(html) #加空格就是自帶選擇器，不加就是and關系 li = doc('.item-0.active') print(li) <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>迭代選擇出的所有標簽
html = ''' <div class="wrap"><div id="container"><ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div></div> ''' from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(html) lis = doc('li').items()#這是一個迭代器 print(type(lis)) for li in lis:print(li) <class 'generator'> <li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li> 運行結果選擇到需要的標簽往往不夠，我們時常需要從標簽中獲取到屬性。
html = ''' <div class="wrap"><div id="container"><ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div></div> ''' from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(html) a = doc('.item-0.active a') print(a)#一個標簽 print(a.attr('href'))#兩種獲取屬性的方法 print(a.attr.href) <a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a> link3.html link3.html 運行結果獲取文本
html = ''' <div class="wrap"><div id="container"><ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div></div> ''' from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(html) a = doc('.item-0.active a') print(a) print(a.text()) <a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a> third item 運行結果獲取元素內的html
html = ''' <div class="wrap"><div id="container"><ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div></div> ''' from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(html) li = doc('.item-0.active') print(li) print(li.html()) <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a> 運行結果pyquery進行dom操作
html = ''' <div class="wrap"><div id="container"><ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div></div> ''' from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(html) li = doc('.item-0.active') print(li) #移除某個類名 li.removeClass('active') print(li) #增加某個類名 li.addClass('active') print(li) <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li> 運行結果增加屬性的兩種方式
html = ''' <div class="wrap"><div id="container"><ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div></div> ''' from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(html) li = doc('.item-0.active') print(li) li.attr('name', 'link') print(li) li.css('font-size', '14px') print(li) <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-0 active" name="link"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-0 active" name="link" style="font-size: 14px"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li> 運行結果使用remove移除整個標簽
html = ''' <div class="wrap">Hello, World<p>This is a paragraph.</p></div> ''' from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(html) wrap = doc('.wrap') print(wrap.text()) wrap.find('p').remove() print(wrap.text()) Hello, World This is a paragraph. Hello, World 運行結果最后就是偽類選擇器
html = ''' <div class="wrap"><div id="container"><ul class="list"><li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li></ul></div></div> ''' from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(html) li = doc('li:first-child') print(li) li = doc('li:last-child') print(li) li = doc('li:nth-child(2)') print(li) li = doc('li:gt(2)') print(li) li = doc('li:nth-child(2n)') print(li) li = doc('li:contains(second)') print(li) <li class="item-0">first item</li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li><li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li><li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li> 運行結果以上就是常用的pyquery的操作，更多pyquery操作可以查看官方文檔，pyquery: a jquery-like library for python。
轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Jeffding/p/8400009.html
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