RAC RMAN 备份 RMAN-03009 ORA-19504 ORA-27040 RMAN-06012 channel c3 not allocated 错误分析
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把之前的RMAN 單實例的備份腳本修改了一下，用來備份RAC 系統。
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Linux 平臺下 RMAN 全備 和 增量備份 shell 腳本
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/07/16/5740630.aspx
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修改之后的備份Shell 腳本如下：
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########################################################################
##?? RAC_hot_database_backup.sh????? ##
##?? created by Tianlesoftware?? ##
##??????? 2010-9-21???????????????? ##
#########################################################################
#!/bin/sh
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Determine the user which is executing this script.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CUSER=`id |cut -d"(" -f2 | cut -d ")" -f1`
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Put output in <this file name>.out. Change as desired.
# Note: output directory requires write permission.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
RMAN_LOG_FILE=${0}.out
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# You may want to delete the output file so that backup information does
# not accumulate.? If not, delete the following lines.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [ -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE" ]
then
rm -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE"
fi
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
# Initialize the log file.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
chmod 666 $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Log the start of this script.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo ==== started on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Oracle home path.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_HOME
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# the Oracle SID of the target database.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_SID=orcl1?? -- 注意，這里需要連接任意節點就可以
export ORACLE_SID
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The Oracle DBA user id (account).
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_USER=oracle
export ORACLE_USER
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Set the Oracle Recovery Manager name.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
RMAN=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Print out the value of the variables set by this script.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo?? "RMAN: $RMAN" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo?? "ORACLE_SID: $ORACLE_SID" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo?? "ORACLE_USER: $ORACLE_USER" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo?? "ORACLE_HOME: $ORACLE_HOME" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Print out the value of the variables set by bphdb.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#echo? >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
#echo?? "NB_ORA_FULL: $NB_ORA_FULL" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
#echo?? "NB_ORA_INCR: $NB_ORA_INCR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
#echo?? "NB_ORA_CINC: $NB_ORA_CINC" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
#echo?? "NB_ORA_SERV: $NB_ORA_SERV" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
#echo?? "NB_ORA_POLICY: $NB_ORA_POLICY" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# NOTE: This script assumes that the database is properly opened. If desired,
# this would be the place to verify that.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Call Recovery Manager to initiate the backup.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CMD_STR="
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME
export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=$ORACLE_SID
export ORACLE_SID
$RMAN nocatalog target sys/oracle msglog $RMAN_LOG_FILE append << EOF
RUN {
allocate channel c1 device type disk connect? 'sys/oracle@orcl1';
allocate channel c2 device type disk connect? 'sys/oracle@orcl2';
BACKUP FORMAT '/u01/backup/orcl_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 DATABASE TAG orcl_hot_db_bk;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
BACKUP FORMAT '/u01/backup/arch_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;
backup current controlfile tag='bak_ctlfile' format='/u01/backup/ctl_file_%U_%T';
backup spfile tag='spfile' format='/u01/backup/ORCL_spfile_%U_%T';
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release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
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allocate channel for maintenance device type disk connect ?'sys/oracle@orcl1';
allocate channel for maintenance device type disk connect ?'sys/oracle@orcl2';
report obsolete;
delete noprompt obsolete;
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
list backup summary;
release channel;
#EOF
"
# Initiate the command string
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if [ "$CUSER" = "root" ]
then
??? echo "Root Command String: $CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE????
??? su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
??? RSTAT=$?
else
??? echo "User Command String: $CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE????
??? /bin/sh -c "$CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
??? RSTAT=$?
fi
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Log the completion of this script.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [ "$RSTAT" = "0" ]
then
??? LOGMSG="ended successfully"
else
??? LOGMSG="ended in error"
fi
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo ==== $LOGMSG on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
/bin/mailx -s "RMAN Backup SID " tianlesoftware@vip.qq.com < $RMAN_LOG_FILE
exit $RSTAT
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但是，運行該備份腳本報錯。 部分運行日志如下：
…
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: sid=129 instance=orcl1 devtype=DISK
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allocated channel: c3
channel c3: sid=131 instance=orcl2 devtype=DISK
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Starting backup at 22-SEP-10
channel c1: starting full datafile backupset
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/system.276.730181051
input datafile fno=00004 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/users.279.730181053
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-10
channel c3: starting full datafile backupset
channel c3: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00003 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.277.730181053
input datafile fno=00002 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.278.730181053
input datafile fno=00005 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs2.284.730181347
channel c3: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-10
RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on c3 channel at 09/22/2010 05:11:10
ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/backup/orcl_19logo39_1_1_20100922"
ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
channel c3 disabled, job failed on it will be run on another channel
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-10
piece handle=/u01/backup/orcl_18logo39_1_1_20100922 tag=ORCL_HOT_DB_BK comment=N
ONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:02
channel c1: starting full datafile backupset
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00003 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.277.730181053
input datafile fno=00002 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.278.730181053
input datafile fno=00005 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs2.284.730181347
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-10
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-10
piece handle=/u01/backup/orcl_1alogo57_1_1_20100922 tag=ORCL_HOT_DB_BK comment=N
ONE
...
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released channel: c1
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released channel: c3
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RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of release command at 09/22/2010 05:14:03
RMAN-06012: channel: c3 not allocated
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對這個錯誤的分析過程如下：
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1.????? 日志有c3 通道不能釋放的問題。
??C3 通道是節點2上的通道，非本地通道。 懷疑是這個地方有問題，單獨做一個簡單的測試：
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RMAN> run
{
allocate channel c2 device type disk connect 'sys/oracle@orcl2';
allocate channel c1 device type disk connect 'sys/oracle@orcl1';
delete expired archivelog all;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8>
allocated channel: c2
channel c2: sid=147 instance=orcl2 devtype=DISK
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: sid=147 instance=orcl1 devtype=DISK
specification does not match any archive log in the recovery catalog
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
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這個實驗結果證明，報錯和通道沒有關系。
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2.? 備份目錄的權限問題
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allocated channel: c3
channel c3: sid=131 instance=orcl2 devtype=DISK
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RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on c3 channel at 09/22/2010 05:11:10
ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/backup/orcl_19logo39_1_1_20100922"
ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
channel c3 disabled, job failed on it will be run on another channel
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從這里我們可以看出，通道c3 是創建成功了的。 但是在通道上c3上不能創建備份集的文件。
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因為我實在節點1上做的RMAN 備份。 開始以為全部的備份文件都會放在節點1上。 所以只在節點1上創建了備份目錄。 即/u01/backup目錄。 在節點2上沒有創建。 問題就出在這個地方。 我在就節點2上創建了/u01/backup目錄，并賦予了777權限后，備份成功。
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最后檢查2個備份文件。 發現一個問題orcl1通道的備份集文件會存放在節點1的備份目錄上（/u01/backup），orcl2通道的備份文件會放在orcl2的備份目錄上（/u01/backup）.? 因為它的備份文件存放在2個地方，所以恢復的時候會很麻煩。 最理解的狀態，是所有的備份文件都存放在一個節點，或者共享設備上。
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所以，要解決這個有2種方法：
（1）??? 使用NFS。 在一個節點上共享備份目錄，在另一個節點掛載這個共享。 這個所有的文件就會在一個節點上了。
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關于NFS 的配置，參考Blog：
Linux NFS 和 Samba 共享配置
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/07/22/5752092.aspx
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（2）??? 使用存儲。
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對于NFS mount, 存在著一個比較嚴重的問題。就是NFS mount在一個節點沒有啟動的情況下，會極大的影響另一個節點的性能。也就是說，如果RAC一個節點出現故障，導致機器無法正常啟動的話，另一個節點不但要承擔全部的數據庫壓力，而且還會受到nfs mount帶來的性能負載，基本上導致這個節點無法正常工作。所以從性能上的考慮，使用NFS mount的時候一定要慎重。所以對于RAC 的RMAN 備份文件，最好還是存放在存儲上。
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轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/09/22/3609987.html
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