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手把手教你从零构建属于自己的小linux
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??????????????????????????????????????? 從零構建屬于自己的小linux
本文講述的是利用一個宿主機一步步根據自己喜好構建屬于自己的一個小型linux系統。
直接切入正題開始構建屬于自己的linux系統。
準備工作：
本次制是在VMware 9 上實現的
宿主機：redhat5.8?； 內核2.6.18-308.el5
一塊10G大小IDE硬盤，10G 已經完全足夠
業務不是很熟練在， 在做裁剪linux? 有寫錯或者使用不當的地方希望各位技術達人和博友 批評指正，也希望此博文能給大家帶來幫助，更希望達人們給予指導。
???????????????????????????? ?！！！！在此先謝過！！！！
制作過程：
制作過程： ?1，添加兩塊磁盤格式化并掛載 ?????#mkdir?-pv?/mnt/{boot,sysroot} ?????#mke2fs?-j?/dev/hda1 ?????#mke2fs?-j?/dev/hda2 ?????#mount?/dev/hda1?/mnt/boot/ ?????#mount?/dev/hda2?/mnt/sysroot/ ?#################?添加內核和grub階段################## ??2，#cp?/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-308.el5??/mnt/boot/vmlinuz? ?3,?#mkdir?test ?4,?#cd?test/ ?5,?#zcat?/boot/initrd-2.6.18-308.el5.img?|?cpio?-id???????????????????#展開initrd?文件 ?6,?#vim?init ????找到：?mkrootdev?-t?ext3?-o?defaults,ro?/dev/vol0/root ??????改為?mkrootdev?-t?ext3?-o?defaults,ro?/dev/hda2??????????????????# ?7,?#cd?test/lib/?? ?????rm?-f?dm-* ?8,?#cd?.. ?9,?#find?.?|?cpio?-H?newc??10,?#grub-instasll?-root-directory=/mnt?/dev/hda???????????????????????#生成grub目錄 ?11,?#ls?/mnt/boot ?12,?#vim?/mnt/boot/grub/grub.conf??????????????????????????????????????#手動配置grub引導內核和initrd ?????default=0 ?????timeout=3 ?????title?mageedu?linux(2.6.18) ??????????root(hd0,0) ??????????kernel?/vmlinuz ??????????initrd?/initrd.gz ?14,?#cd?/mnt/sysroot ?15,?#mkdir?etc/{rc.d/init.d}?bin?sbin?proc?sys?dev?lib?root?mnt?media??var/{log,run,lock/subsys,tmp}?usr/{bin,sbin,local}?tmp?home?boot?opt?-pv ?16,?#vim?/etc/inittab?????????????????????????????????????????????????#創建系統啟動等級?和初始化環境執行腳本 ????????id:3:initdefault: ????????si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit ?17,?#vim?/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit?????????????????????????????????????????#配置系統初始化內容?和腳本 ?????????????#!/bin/bash ?????????????echo?-e?"\tWelcome?to?\033[34mMageEdu\033[0m?linux"?????????????/bin/bash ?18,?#chmod?+x?/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit ?19,?#cd ???#############################?此腳本作用是拷貝小linux上所用到的各種系統命令和依賴包################## ?20,?新建?bincp.sh?腳本??復制命令 ??#!/bin/bash ??# ??DEST=/mnt/sysroot ??libcp()?{ ??LIBPATH=${1%/*} ??[?!?-d?$DEST$LIBPATH?]?&&?mkdir?-p?$DEST$LIBPATH ??[?!?-e?$DEST${1}?]?&&?cp?$1?$DEST$LIBPATH?&&?echo?"copy?lib?$1?finished."??} ???bincp()?{ ??CMDPATH=${1%/*} ??[?!?-d?$DEST$CMDPATH?]?&&?mkdir?-p?$DEST$CMDPATH ??[?!?-e?$DEST${1}?]?&&?cp?$1?$DEST$CMDPATH ???for?LIB?in??`ldd?$1?|?grep?-o?"/.*lib\(64\)\{0,1\}/[^[:space:]]\{1,\}"`;?do ??libcp?$LIB ??done ??} ???read?-p?"Your?command:?"?CMD ??until?[?$CMD?==?'q'?];?do ??!?which?$CMD?&&?echo?"Wrong?command"?&&?read?-p?"Input?againe"?CMD?&&?continue??COMMAND=`?which?$CMD?|?grep?-v?"^alias"?|?grep?-o?"[^[:space:]]\{1,\}"` ??bincp?$COMMAND ??echo?"copy?$COMMAND?finished."??read?-p?"Continue:?"?CMD ??done ?21，?運行?./bincp.sh?復制?init??bash?ls? ?22,?#sync ?21,?#?chroot?/mnt/sysroot?????????????????????#切換到小linux上測試一下利用腳本復制的命令 ?22，創建一個新的虛擬機?測試一下 ?23，運行?bincp.sh?拷貝命令 ?24，#mkdir?rm?mv?cp?cat?mount?umount?vi?vim?chmod?chown?ping?ifconfig?insmod?modprobe?rmmod?route?halt?reboot?shutdown?hostname? ???????????????????????????????????????????????#以上就是添加小linux所用的到的命令 ?25,?#sync? ?26,?重新切換到小系統?測試?cp過來的命令?這里的切換時把宿主機掛起，添加一個新的虛擬機，在把硬盤掛載上去 ?27，#mount?-n?-o?remount，rw?/???????????????#重新以讀寫方式掛載?根文件系統 ?28，切換到宿主機 ?######################################?添加關機功能################################ ?29，#cd?/mnt/sysroot/ ?30,?#vim?etc/rc.d/rc.sysdone?????????????????#添加關機功能腳本 ??????#!/bin/bash ??????sync ??????sleep?2 ??????exec?/sbin/halt?-p ?31,?#chmod?+?etc/rc.d/rc.sysdone ?31,?#?./bincp.sh??啟動腳本拷貝?sync?命令 ?32，#cd?/mnt/sysroot/ ?33,?#vim?etc/inittab?????????????????????????#指定切換到0級別下的關機動作 ????添加：?l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysdone?? ?34,?#sync????????????????????????????????????#同步一下數據 ?35,?切換到小系統上測試?是否可以正常關機?（切換的時候先把宿主機掛起） ?36,?#init?0??或者?halt? ?37,?關閉小linux??切換到宿主機?添加重啟功能 ?##################################添加重啟功能##################### ?38,?#cd?/mnt/sysroot ?39,?#vim?etc/inittab?????????????????????????#添加6級別下重啟腳本? ??????l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc.reboot?? ?40,?#vim?etc/rc.d/rc.reboot??定義重啟腳本 ??????#!/bin/bash ???????sync ???????sleep?1 ???????sync ???????exec?/sbin/reboot ?41,?#chmod?+x?etc/rc.d/rc.reboot ?42,?#sync ?43,?#cd ?44,?掛起宿主機?切換到小linux ?45,?#init?6???測試重啟 ?46,?關閉小linux??切換到?宿主機? ?47,?規范小linux的關機和重啟功能，把init?0?和init?6?整合到一起 ??#################,?規范小linux的關機和重啟功能，把init?0?和init?6?整合到一起############ ?? ?48,?#cd?/mnt/sysroot ?49,?#vim?/etc/rc.d/init.d/halt??整合關機和重啟腳本 ??????#！/bin/bsha ???????case?$0?in????????*reboot)? ??????????COMMAND='/sbin/reboot'?;; ????????*halt) ??????????COMMAND='/sbin/halt?-p'?;; ????????esac ?????????case?$1?in??????????start) ???????????;; ??????????stop) ???????????;; ???????????*) ????????????echo?"Usage:?`basename?$0`?{start|stop}"?????????esac ??????????exec?$COMMAND?? ?50,?#chmod?+x?etc/rc.d/init.d/halt ?51,??創建符號鏈接?方便使用腳本里的?*reboot??*halt??調用 ?52,?#cd?etc/rc.d/ ?53,?#mkdir?rc0.d?rc6.d ?54,?#?cd?rc0.d/ ?55,?#?ln?-sv?../init.d/halt??S99halt ?56,?#?ll?查看一下鏈接是否創建 ?57,?#?cd?.. ?58,?#?cd?rc6.d/ ?59,?#?ln?-sv?../init.d/halt?S99reboot ?60,?#?cd?.. ?61,?#?rm?-rf?rc.reboot?rc.sysdone???????????????????????#刪除這兩個腳本現在已經不需要了 ?62,??創建rc?腳本?功能是把所有?S開頭的開啟??把所有K?開頭的都關閉 ?63,?#?vim?rc ????????#!/bin/bash ????????RUNLEVEL=$1 ????????for?I?in?/etc/rc.d/rc$RUNLEVEL.d/K*;do ?????????$I?stop ????????done ??????? ????????for?I?in?/etc/rc.d/rc.$RUNLEVEL.d/S*;do ?????????$I?start ????????done ?64,?#?chmod?+x?rc ?65,?#?cd?.. ?66,?#?vim?inittab???????????????????????????????????????#修改啟動參數 ???????l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc?0 ???????l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc?6 ?67,?#?sync ?68,??掛起宿主機?切換到小linux??測試 ?69,?#?init?0?? ?70,?#?init?6 ?80,??切換回宿主機 ?90,??添加?init?3?級別 ?91,?#?cd?/mnt/sysroot ?92,?#?vim?etc/inittab???添加： ????????l3::wait:/etc/rc.d/rc?3 ?93,?#?cd??etc/rc.d/ ?94,?#?mkdir?rc3.d ?95,?#?vim?init.d/tserver ???????#!/bin/bash ???????#?chkconfig:?35?66?33 ???????#?description:?test?service?script ???????prog=`basename?$0` ???????lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/$prog ?????? ???????start(){ ????????echo?"starting?$prog..."????????touch?$lockfile ???????} ?????? ???????stop()?{ ????????echo?"stopping?$prog..."????????rm?-f?$loclfile ???????} ?????? ???????status(){ ????????if?[?-f?$lockfile?];?then?????????echo?"Running..."????????else?????????echo"Stopped..."???????fi ???????} ?????? ???????usage()?{ ?????????echo?"Usage:$prog?{start|stop|status|restart}"???????}?????????? ???????case?$1?in???????start) ???????start?;; ???????stop) ???????stop?;; ???????restart) ????????stop ????????start ?????????;; ??????status) ???????status ???????;; ???????*) ???????usage ???????exit?1 ???????;; ???????esac ?96,?#?chmod?+x?init.d/tserver ?97,?#?init.d/tserver?start???????????????????????測試腳本 ?98,?#?ls?/var/lock/subsys????????????????????????查看此目錄下是否有?tserver?文件 ?99,?#?init.d/tserver?stop????????????????????????查看是否刪除?tserver?文件 ?100,#?cd?rc3.d/ ?101,#?ln?-sv?../init.d/tserver?S66tserver ?102,#?cd?.. ?103,#?cd?rc0.d/ ?104,#?ln?-sv?../init.d/tserver?K33tserver ?105,#?sync ?????此處加一步如下： ???????1,?cd? ???????2,??stty?-F?/dev/console?speed??查看屋里終端速率 ??##################實現tty終端########?? ?106,#?cd?/mnt/sysroot/etc/ ?107,#?vim?inittab ???????1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty?-n?-l?/bin/bash?38400?tty1 ???????1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty?-n?-l?/bin/bash?38400?tty2 ?108,#?vim?rc.d/rc.sysinit ???????#!/bin/bash ????????echo?-e?"\tWelcome?to?\033[34mMageEdu\033[0m?linux"????????/bin/bash???##?去掉此行 ?109,#?cd ?110,#?./bincp.sh???移植?agetty??basename??seq??stty ?111,#?syuc ?112,#?cd?/mnt/sysroot??????? ?113,#?ln?-sv?bash?sh ?114,#?sync ?115,?掛起?宿主機?開啟小linux???測試 ???如果文件系統錯亂?修復方法如下： ???切換到宿主機上? ???1,#?cd?/mnt/sysroot/ ???2,#?find?.?|?cpio?-H?newc????3,#?cd? ???4,#?umount?/dec/hda2 ???5,#?fuser?-km?/dev/hda2 ???6,#?umount?/dev/hda2 ???7,#?mke2fs?-j?/dev/hda2??或者用?e2fsck?-f?/dev/hda2 ???8,#?mount?/dev/hda2?/mnt/sysroot ???9,#?cd?/mnt/sysroot ???10,#?zcat?/root/sysroot.gz?|cpio?-id? ???11,#?sync ??116,??###################實現讓根文件系統能自動掛載############# ?117,#?cd?/mnt/sysroot ?118,#?vim?etc/fstab??創建fstab?文件 ???????/dev/hda2???/?????????ext3?????defaults??0?0 ???????/dev/hda1???/boot?????ext3?????defaults??0?0 ???????proc????????/proc?????ext3?????defaults??0?0 ???????sysfs???????/sys??????sysfs????defaults??0?0? ?119,#?mkdir?etc/sysconfig ??#######################?添加主機名############### ?120,#?vim?etc/sysconfig/network?????設置主機名 ???????HOSTNAME=minilinux.magedu.com ?121,#?vim?etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit???讓開機以讀寫方式掛載根文件系統，并設置主機名 ???????echo?"Remount?rootfs"???????mount?-n?-o??remount,rw??/ ?????? ???????echo?"set?the?hostname..."???????[?-f?/etc/sysconfig/network?]?&&?/etc/sysconfig/network ???????[?-z?$HOSTNAME?-o??"$HOSTNAME"?==?'(none)'?]?&&?HOSTNAME=localhost ???????/bin/hostname??$HOSTNAME ?122,#?sync? ?123,#?切換到?小linux?測試?? ?124,#?切換到宿主機??添加系統啟動時?顯示的?綠色OK?和?紅色報錯 ??###################添加系統啟動時?顯示的?綠色OK?和?紅色報錯############################# ?125,#?cd?/mnt/sysroot ?126,#?vim??etc/rc.d/init.d/functions??????????????#定義啟動時候的綠色?[?OK?]??和紅色?[FAILED] ?????? ????????SCREEN=`stty?-F?/dev/console?size?2>?/dev/null` ????????COLUMNS=${SCREEN#*} ????????[?-z?$COLUMNS?]?&&?COLUMNS=80 ????????SPA_COL=$[COLUMNS-14] ?????? ????????RED='\033[31m'????????GREEN='\033[32m'????????YELLOW='\033[33m'????????BLUE='\033\34m'????????NORMAL='\033[0m'?????? ????????success()?{ ?????????string=$1 ?????????RT_SPA=$[$SPA_COL-${#string}] ?????????echo?-n?"$string"???????for?I?in?`seq?1?$RT_SPA`;do ?????????echo?-n?"?"???????done ?????????echo?-e?"[???${GREEN}OK${NORMAL}???]"????????} ??????? ???????failure()?{ ?????????string=$1 ?????????RT_SPA=$[$SPA_COL-${#string}] ?????????echo?-n?"$string"????????for?I?in?`seq?1?$RT_SPA`;do ?????????echo?-n?"?"????????done ?????????echo?-e?"[?$[RED]FAILED${NORMAL}]"????????} ???????? ?127,#?vim?etc/rc.d/init.d/tserver??修改成如下內容： ?????? ???????#!/bin/bash ???????#?chkconfig:?35?66?33 ???????#?description:?test?service?script ???????.?/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions ?????? ???????prog=tserver ???????lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/$prog ?????? ???????start(){ ????????touch?$lockfile ????????[?$??-eq?0?]?&&?success?"Starting?$prog"?||?failure?"Staring?$prog"???????} ?????? ??????stop()?{ ????????rm?-f?$loclfile ????????[?$??-eq?0?]?&&?success?"Stoppting?$prog"?||?failure?"Stopping?$prog"???????} ?????? ???????status(){ ????????if?[?-f?$lockfile?];?then????????echo?"Running..."???????else????????echo"Stopped..."???????fi ???????} ?????? ???????usage()?{ ?????????echo?"Usage:$prog?{start|stop|status|restart}"???????}?????????? ???????case?$1?in????????start) ?????????start?;; ????????stop) ?????????stop?;; ???????restart) ????????stop ????????start ?????????;; ???????status) ????????status ????????;; ???????*) ????????usage ????????exit?1 ????????;; ???????esac ?????? ?128,#?sync ?129,?切換到下linux?下測試?啟動信息是否?顯示?綠色?[?OK?] ?130,?切換到?宿主機??添加?ip地址功能 ??#########################實現網卡功能##################### ?131,#?cd?/mnt/sysroot ?132,#?mkdir?lib/modules ?133,#?modinfo?pcnet32???查看網卡模塊都有那些依賴塊 ?134,#?cp?/lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/drivers/net/pcnet32.ko?/mnt/sysroot/lib/modules ?135,#?modinfo?mii ?136,#?cp?/lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/drivers/net/mii.ko?/mnt/sysroot/lib/modules ?137,#??vim?etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit??讓系統啟動自動裝載網卡模塊 ?????????echo?"Initializing?network?device..."????????/sbin/insmod??/lib/modules/mii.ko ????????/sbin/insmod??/lib/modeles/pcnet32.ko ?138,#?mkdir?etc/sysconfig/network-scripts??創建網卡目錄 ?139,#?vim?etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 ???????DEVICE=eth0 ???????BOOTPROTO=static???????IPADDR=172.16.100.5 ???????NETMASK=255.255.0.0 ???????GATEWAY=172.16.0.1 ???????ONBOOT=yes ?140,#?vim?etc/rc.d/init.d/network???讓ip能在服務啟動腳本自動啟動 ????????#！/bin/bash ????????#?chkconfig:?35?09?90 ?????????prog=network ?????????.?/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions ?????????CONF=/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0?? ?????????.?$CONF ????????? ?????????NETMASK=16 ??????????start()?{ ???????????ifconfig?eth0?$IPADDR/$NETMASK?up ???????????[?-z?$GATEWAY?]?&&?route?add?default?gw?$GATEWAY ??????????}?? ?????????? ??????????stop()?{ ???????????ifconfig?eth0?down ??????????} ?????????? ??????????status()?{ ???????????ifconfig?eth0 ??????????} ?????????? ??????????usage()?{ ???????????echo?"$prog:?{start|stop|restart|status}"??????????} ?????????? ??????????case?$1?in? ??????????start) ???????????start? ???????????success?"Config?network?eth0"???????????;; ??????????stop) ???????????stop ???????????success?"Config?network?card?eth0"???????????;; ??????????restart) ???????????stop ???????????start ???????????success?"Restart?network?card?eth0"???????????;; ??????????status) ???????????status ???????????return?0 ???????????;; ??????????*) ???????????usage ???????????exit?1 ???????????;; ??????????esac ?141,#?chmod?+x?etc/rc.d/init.d/network?? ?142,?讓網卡能在級別3?開啟??級別6?和?0?關閉???????? ?143,#?cd?et/rc.d/rc0.d/ ?144,#?ln?-sv?../init.d/network?K90network ?145,#?cd?../rc6.d ?146,#?ln?-sv?../init.d/network?K90network ?147,#?cd?../rc3.d ?148,#?ln?-sv?../init.d/network?S09network ?149,#?sync ?150,?測試一下網卡是否可以啟動 ?151,#?chroot?/mnt/sysroot???在宿主機上切換到小linux ?152,#?/etc/rc.d/init.d/network?start ??到此為止?以個簡小的linux?制作完成。?由于初次做裁剪linux??有寫錯或者使用不當的地方希望各位技術達人和博友?批評指正。 ??????！！！！在此先謝過！！！！ ??? ?
轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/linuxnx/1167675
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