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001：介绍和安装
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目錄
一. MySQL版本選擇 二. MySQL官方網(wǎng)站介紹1. Developer Zone： MySQL開發(fā)工程師板塊 2. Downloads：MySQL下載 3. Documentation：MySQL文檔 三. MySQL下載 四. MySQL安裝1. 安裝通用步驟： 2. MySQL 5.6.X 安裝： 3. MySQL 5.7.X 安裝 4. 驗證安裝 5. MySQL啟動 五. 附錄1. 配置文件my.cnf 2. 幾個重要的參數(shù)配置和說明 3. my.cnf問題 4. 安裝腳本 run_02_install_new_mysql_version.sh 一. MySQL版本選擇 MySQL5.6 以后的版本，推薦使用官方版本。 Percona：在5.6版本以后，MySQL將Percon之前優(yōu)化集成到官方版本中; MariaDB：無INNODB;且核心代碼較老 MySQL在5.6以后不斷重構(gòu)源碼，安裝包越來越大，功能和性能在持續(xù)改進 二. MySQL官方網(wǎng)站介紹 官方網(wǎng)站：http://www.mysql.com
1. Developer Zone： MySQL開發(fā)工程師板塊 Articles： Oracle工程師自己的博客 Plant MySQL： 和MySQL相關(guān)從業(yè)人員的博客 Bugs：MySQL BugList Worklog：開發(fā)記錄 Labs：MySQL實驗性項目 2. Downloads：MySQL下載 Enterprise：MySQL企業(yè)版本相關(guān)，略過 Community：社區(qū)版，我們下載和使用社區(qū)版 MySQL Community Server：MySQL Server MySQL Fabric : 和管理相關(guān)的工具 MySQL Router：路由中間件 MySQL Utilities：MySQL應(yīng)用程序包 MySQL Workbench：官方圖型化管理界面 MySQL Proxy：MySQL代理。Alpha版本，不推薦 3. Documentation：MySQL文檔 官方文檔 版面更改，下載離線文檔在左側(cè)Menu的下面 三. MySQL下載 推薦下載Linux-Generic版本 Source Code版本主要作用是為了讓開發(fā)人員研究源碼使用，自己編譯對性能提升不明顯 不推薦Version 5.5.X，有部分bug 推薦使用Version 5.6.X和Version 5.7.X 下載地址：
四. MySQL安裝 1. 安裝通用步驟： 解壓縮mysql-VERSION-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 打開INSTALL_BINARY 文件，按照shell>開頭的步驟進行操作 將export PATH=/安裝路徑/mysql/bin:$PATH添加到/etc/profile chkconfig mysqld on或者chkconfig mysqld.server on因你的環(huán)境而定。 2. MySQL 5.6.X 安裝： shell> yum install libaio # Debain系用戶:apt-get install libaio1
shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
3. MySQL 5.7.X 安裝 shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> mkdir mysql-files
shell> chmod 770 mysql-files
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql #該步驟中會產(chǎn)生臨時root@localhost密碼
shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data mysql-files
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
4. 驗證安裝 data目錄在安裝之前是空目錄，安裝完成后應(yīng)該有ibXXX等文件 安裝過程中輸出的信息中，不應(yīng)該含有ERROR信息，錯誤信息默認會寫入到$HOSTNAME.err的文件中 通過bin/mysql命令（5.7.X含有臨時密碼）可以正常登錄 5. MySQL啟動 mysqld_safe --user=mysql & 即可啟動，mysqld_safe是一個守護mysqld進程的腳本程序，旨在mysqld意外停止時，可以重啟mysqld進程 也可以通過INSTALL_BINARRY中的的步驟，使用/etc/init.d/mysql.server start進行啟動（啟動腳本以你復(fù)制的實際名字為準，通常改名為mysqld,即/etc/init.d/mysqld start） 五. 附錄 1. 配置文件my.cnf # line :V1.9
# mail :gczheng@139.com
# data :2018-07-19
# file_name :my.cnf
# update :#### 注意 :建議參數(shù)根據(jù)實際情況作調(diào)整
#### 本配置文件主要適用于MySQL 5.7.18版本[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysqldata/mysql.sock
#=======================================================================
# # MySQL客戶端配置
#=======================================================================
[mysql]
prompt="(\u@\h) \\R:\\m:\\s [\d]> "
no-auto-rehash
default-character-set = utf8mb4
#=======================================================================
# MySQL服務(wù)器全局配置
#=======================================================================
[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3306
server-id = 49180
tmpdir = /data/mysqldata
datadir = /data/mysqldata
socket = /data/mysqldata/mysql.sock
wait_timeout = 31536000
#interactive_timeout = 600
#sql_mode = #sql_mode 配置為空值
#skip_name_resolve = 1
lower_case_table_names = 1
character-set-server = utf8mb4
log_timestamps = SYSTEM
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
max_allowed_packet = 128M
######################### 性能參數(shù) ####################
open_files_limit = 10240
max_connections = 1000
max_user_connections=999
max_connect_errors = 100000
table_open_cache = 1024
thread_cache_size = 64
max_heap_table_size = 32M
query_cache_type = 0
###global cache ###
key_buffer_size = 1G
query_cache_size = 0
tmp_table_size = 32M #內(nèi)存臨時表
binlog_cache_size = 4M #二進制日志緩沖
###session cache ###
sort_buffer_size = 8M #排序緩沖
join_buffer_size = 4M #表連接緩沖
read_buffer_size = 8M #順序讀緩沖
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M #隨機讀緩沖
thread_stack = 256KB #線程的堆棧的大小
######################### binlog設(shè)置 #####################
binlog_format = ROW
log_bin = /data/mysqldata/binlog
max_binlog_size = 1G
expire_logs_days = 15 #binlog比較占空間，注意磁盤空間
sync_binlog = 1 #重要參數(shù)必須修改為1
######################### 復(fù)制設(shè)置 ########################
log_slave_updates = 1
#replicate-do-db = test
#binlog-ignore-db = mysql
### GTID 配置 ###
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
#****************** 開啟并行復(fù)制（從庫）******************
slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK #基于組提交的并行復(fù)制方式
slave-parallel-workers= 8 #并行的SQL線程數(shù)量（cpu核數(shù)）
master-info_repository=TABLE #master信息以表的形式保存
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE #slave信息以表的形式保存
relay_log_recovery=ON #relay_log自我修復(fù)
######################### innodb ##########################
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G #系統(tǒng)內(nèi)存50%
innodb_open_files = 5120 #調(diào)整innodb_open_files設(shè)置值，必須小于open_files_limit的設(shè)置值
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 #線上服務(wù)器必須配置為1
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 5
innodb_io_capacity = 400 #根據(jù)您的服務(wù)器IOPS能力適當調(diào)整innodb_io_capacity，配SSD盤可調(diào)整到 10000 - 20000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 20000
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_log_file_size = 1G
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_large_prefix = 0
innodb_thread_concurrency = 64
innodb_strict_mode = OFF
innodb_sort_buffer_size = 4194304
#****************** undolog設(shè)置 ******************
innodb_undo_directory = /data/undolog #undolog空間的目錄位置
innodb_undo_tablespaces = 2 #undolog日志文件個數(shù)，mysql8之后將棄用
innodb_undo_logs = 128 #回滾段的數(shù)量， 至少大于等于35，默認128。
innodb_max_undo_log_size = 1G #當超過這個閥值（默認是1G），會觸發(fā)truncate回收（收縮）動作，truncate后空間縮小到10M。
innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128 #控制回收（收縮）undolog的頻率
innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1 #即開啟在線回收undolog日志文件
######################### log 設(shè)置 #####################
log_error = /data/mysqldata/error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 10
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysqldata/slow.log
#=======================================================================
# MySQL mysqldump配置
#=======================================================================
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 128M
#=======================================================================
# MySQL mysqld_safe配置
#=======================================================================
[mysqld_safe]
log_error = /data/mysqldata/error.log
pid_file = /data/mysqldata/mysqldb.pid[mysqld-5.7]
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40
innodb_page_cleaners = 4
innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2G
innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128
binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1
log_timestamps=system
transaction_write_set_extraction=MURMUR32
show_compatibility_56=on
2. 幾個重要的參數(shù)配置和說明 innodb_log_file_size = 4G :做實驗可以更改的小點，線上環(huán)境推薦用4G，以前5.5和5.1等版本之所以官方給的值很小，是因為太大后有bug，現(xiàn)在bug已經(jīng)修復(fù) innodb_undo_logs = 128和innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3建議在安裝之前就確定好該值，后續(xù)修改比較麻煩 [mysqld]，[mysqld-5.7]這種tag表明了下面的配置在什么版本下才生效,[mysqld]下均生效 datadir, innodb_log_group_home_dir, innodb_undo_directory一定要注意他的權(quán)限是 mysql:mysql 3. my.cnf問題 使用mysqld --help -vv | grep my.cnf查看mysql的配置文件讀取順序 后讀取的my.cnf中的配置，如果有相同項，會覆蓋之前的配置 使用--defaults-files可指定配置文件 4. 安裝腳本 run_02_install_new_mysql_version.sh 注意：腳本、my.cnf文件和mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz放在同一目錄下 #!/bin/bash
# line: V1.0
# mail: gczheng@139.com
# data: 2018-06-21
# script_name: run_02_install_new_mysql_version.sh
# function: Install mysql5.7.18#=======================================================================
#配置信息
#=======================================================================
MYCNF=my.cnf
MYSQL_SOURCE_PACKAGES=mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
MYSQL_DOWNLOAD_LINK='http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz'
MYSQL=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql#=======================================================================
# echo添加顏色
#=======================================================================
echo_color(){color=${1} && shiftcase ${color} inblack)echo -e "\e[0;30m${@}\e[0m";;red)echo -e "\e[0;31m${@}\e[0m";;green)echo -e "\e[0;32m${@}\e[0m";;yellow)echo -e "\e[0;33m${@}\e[0m";;blue)echo -e "\e[0;34m${@}\e[0m";;purple)echo -e "\e[0;35m${@}\e[0m";;cyan)echo -e "\e[0;36m${@}\e[0m";;*)echo -e "\e[0;37m${@}\e[0m";;esac # --- end of case ---
}#=======================================================================
#檢查安裝包、腳本、my.cnf是否齊全
#=======================================================================function chk_install_resource()
{#判斷 template_install-my.cnf 是否存在if [ ! -f "$MYCNF" ];thenecho_color red "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') $MYCNF file is not exits!$(echo_warning)"exit 1fi#判斷 MySQL Community Server 5.7.18 tar包是否存在if [ ! -f "$MYSQL_SOURCE_PACKAGES" ];thenecho_color red "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') $MYSQL_SOURCE_PACKAGES is not exits, please download it from $MYSQL_DOWNLOAD_LINK"exit 1fi
}
#=======================================================================
# 添加帳號和目錄
#=======================================================================
function create_sys_user()
{#添加mysql用戶信息if id mysql &> /dev/null;thenecho_color red "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') MySQL user is exits."elseuseradd -r -s /bin/false mysql && echo_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') The system user is added to success .."fi#添加mysql數(shù)據(jù)目錄/r2/mysqldata和權(quán)限if [ -d "/r2" ];thenif [ ! -d "/r2/mysqldata" ];thenmkdir -p /r2/mysqldata && echo_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') MySQL data directory is created .."chown -R mysql:mysql /r2/mysqldatachmod 750 /r2/mysqldataelif [ "$(ls -A /r2/mysqldata)" = "" ];thenecho_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') MySQL data directory is exits."elseecho_color red "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') MySQL data directory is not empty. Please check it."exit 1fielseecho_color red "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') /r2 directory is not exits. Please check the system config."exit 1fi
}
#=======================================================================
#檢查是否有舊的mysql/mariadb版本存在
#=======================================================================function chk_old_mysql_version()
{mysqlNum=$(rpm -qa | grep -Ei 'mysql|mariadb'|wc -l)if [ "${mysqlNum}" -gt "0" ];thenecho_color red "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') The system has MySQL other version. There may be a conflict in the version！If it continues, the original database will be uninstall."read -p "Do you continue to install it(y/n):" cncase $cn iny|Y)rpm -qa | grep -Ei 'mysql|mariadb' | xargs yum remove -y &> /dev/nulltar_install;;n|N)exit 1;;*)echo_color red "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') Input ERROR."esacelseecho_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') No old version was found."tar_installfi
}#=======================================================================
# 解壓安裝
#=======================================================================function tar_install()
{echo_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') Starting unzip $MYSQL_SOURCE_PACKAGES .."tar zxvf $MYSQL_SOURCE_PACKAGES -C /usr/local/ echo_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') Unzip $MYSQL_SOURCE_PACKAGES SUCCESS .."if [ ! -d "/usr/local/mysql" ];thenln -s /usr/local/`echo $MYSQL_SOURCE_PACKAGES |awk -F ".tar.gz" '{printf $1}'` /usr/local/mysqlchown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysqlchown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/`echo $MYSQL_SOURCE_PACKAGES |awk -F ".tar.gz" '{printf $1}'`chmod 750 /usr/local/mysqlchmod 750 /usr/local/`echo $MYSQL_SOURCE_PACKAGES |awk -F ".tar.gz" '{printf $1}'`echo_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') MySQL package has been placed in the right position .."cp -f $MYCNF /etc/my.cnfelseread -p "/usr/local/mysql install directory already exists, delete it, and continue(y/n):" dncase $dn iny|Y)rm -rf /usr/local/mysqlln -s /usr/local/`echo $MYSQL_SOURCE_PACKAGES |awk -F ".tar.gz" '{printf $1}'` /usr/local/mysqlchown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysqlchown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/`echo $MYSQL_SOURCE_PACKAGES |awk -F ".tar.gz" '{printf $1}'`chmod 750 /usr/local/mysqlchmod 750 /usr/local/`echo $MYSQL_SOURCE_PACKAGES |awk -F ".tar.gz" '{printf $1}'`echo_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') MySQL package has been placed in the right position .."cp -f $MYCNF /etc/my.cnf;;n|N)exit 1;;*)echo_color red "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') /usr/local/mysql is exits.Please check it."esacfiecho_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') Starting initialization .."/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql &> /dev/null && echo_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') Initialization ......SUCCESS"
}#=======================================================================
# 修改環(huán)境變量
#=======================================================================
function add_system_profile()
{
cat >> /etc/profile <<EOF
export PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
EOF
source /etc/profile
}function modify_system_env()
{
#egrep "/usr/local/mysql/bin/" /etc/profile &> /dev/null
PROFILES=`grep -i "/usr/local/mysql/bin/" /etc/profile |wc -l`
if [ $PROFILES -eq 0 ];thenadd_system_profileecho_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') Flush profile done .."
elseEXISTS=`grep -i "/usr/local/mysql/bin/" /etc/profile |grep -e "^#" |wc -l`if [ $EXISTS -gt 0 ];thenadd_system_profileecho_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') Flush profile done .."fi
fi
}#=======================================================================
#創(chuàng)建MySQL服務(wù)
#=======================================================================function el7_create_mysql_service()
{cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=mysql
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
ExecReload=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server restart
ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
LimitNOFILE = 65535
PrivateTmp=false[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOFsystemctl daemon-reload && echo_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') Reload systemd services .."systemctl enable mysql.service && echo_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') Enable MySQL systemd service .."systemctl start mysql.service && echo_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') Starting MySQL......SUCCESS!" || echo_color red "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') Starting MySQL......FAILED!."
}function el6_create_mysql_service()
{cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files/cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqlchkconfig --add mysql && echo_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') Add MySQL service for management .."chkconfig --list mysql && echo_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') List MySQL service .."/etc/init.d/mysql start && echo_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') Starting MySQL......SUCCESS!" || echo_color red "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') Starting MySQL......FAILED!."
}#=======================================================================
# 添加帳號
#=======================================================================function modify_mysql_account()
{password=$(awk '/A temporary password/ {print $NF}' /r2/mysqldata/error.log)#echo_color cyan "mysql temp password is ${password}"if [ "${password}" != "" ];then${MYSQL} -uroot -p"${password}" --connect-expired-password -e "alter user root@localhost identified by 'iforgot';flush privileges;" &> /dev/null && echo_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') 系統(tǒng)隨機密碼修改成功."p1=$?elseecho_color red "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') MySQL密碼獲取失敗，請排查/清除數(shù)據(jù)目錄重新安裝."exit 1fi${MYSQL} -uroot -piforgot -e "grant all privileges on *.* to gcdb@'%' identified by 'iforgot';" &> /dev/null && echo_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') 授予gcdb@'%'用戶通過任意主機操作所有數(shù)據(jù)庫的所有權(quán)限成功."p2=$?if [[ "${p1}" == "0" && "${p2}" == "0" ]];thenecho_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') 現(xiàn)在可以登錄mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫，root@localhost和gcdb@'%'用戶的默認密碼是\033[41;37m iforgot \033[0m."elseecho_color red "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') 授權(quán)失敗,請手動執(zhí)行授權(quán)操作."fi
}#=======================================================================
# 開始安裝mysql
#=======================================================================
function mysql_install()
{version=$(uname -r |awk -F '.' '{ print $(NF-1) }')if [ "${version}" != "el7" ];thenecho_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') Start install mysql for el6."chk_install_resourcecreate_sys_userchk_old_mysql_versionmodify_system_envel6_create_mysql_servicemodify_mysql_accountelse echo_color cyan "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') Start install mysql for el7."chk_install_resourcecreate_sys_userchk_old_mysql_versionmodify_system_envel7_create_mysql_servicemodify_mysql_accountfi
}mysql_install
echo_color blue "$(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') \033[42;37m run_02_install_new_mysql_version.sh執(zhí)行完成 \033[0m"
轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/gczheng/p/7879403.html
與50位技術(shù)專家面對面 20年技術(shù)見證，附贈技術(shù)全景圖
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