Oracle 11gR2 RAC 中的 Grid Plug and Play(GPnP) 是什么？
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一. 什么是GPnP？
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Grid Plug and Play (GPnP)：Foundation for a Dynamic Cluster Management?
（1）GPnPeliminates the need for a per node configuration
–It is an underlying gridconcept that enables the automation of operations in the cluster?
–Allows nodes to be dynamicallyadded or removed from the cluster?
–Provides an easier managementto build large clusters?OUI does not ask????
–It is the basis for the GridNaming Service (GNS)?for a private node name anymore.??
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（2）Technically,GPnP is based on an XML profile?
–Defining node personality(e.g. cluster name, network classification)?
–Created during installation?
–Updated withevery relevant change (using oifcfg, crsctl)?
–Stored in local files per homeand in the OCR?
- Wallet protected
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（3）?GPnPis apparent in things that you do not??
? ?see and that youare not asked for (anymore).
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Grid Plug and Play (GPnP)eliminates per-node configuration data and the need for explicit add and deletenodes steps. This allows a systemadministrator to take a template system image and run it on a new node with nofurther configuration. This removes many manual operations, reduces theopportunity for errors, and encourages configurations that can be changedeasily. Removal of the per-node configuration makes the nodes easierto replace, because they do not need to contain individually-managed state.
??? --GPnP 簡化了每個節(jié)點的配置數(shù)據(jù)和添加刪除節(jié)點時的一些步驟。也就是說運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)管理創(chuàng)建模板的系統(tǒng)鏡像，并在新的節(jié)點上運(yùn)行，而不需要其他的配置工作。這樣就減少了一些手工操作，降低了發(fā)生錯誤的概率。
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Grid Plug and Play reduces the cost of installing, configuring, andmanaging database nodes by making their per-node state disposable. It allowsnodes to be easily replaced with regenerated state.
??? --GPnP在每個節(jié)點通過state來減少安裝，配置和管理數(shù)據(jù)庫的成本。
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Grid Plug andPlay enables you to move your data center toward a dynamic grid infrastructure.This enables you to consolidate applications and lower the costs of managingapplications, while providing a highly available environment that can easilyscale when the workload requires.
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There are manymodifications in Oracle RAC 11g release 2 (11.2) to support the easy additionof servers in a cluster and therefore a more dynamic grid.
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In the past,adding or removing servers in a cluster required extensive manual preparation.With this release, Grid Plug and Play reduces the costs ofinstalling, configuring, and managing server nodes by automating the followingtasks:
--在過去的版本，添加刪除節(jié)點需要大量的手工準(zhǔn)備，在11gR2中，如下任務(wù)通過自動化的操作，GPnP 減少了每個節(jié)點安裝，配置和管理服務(wù)器的成本。
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1)??Adding an Oracle RAC databaseinstance
2)??Negotiating appropriate networkidentities for itself
3)??Acquiring additionalinformation it needs to operate from a configuration profile
4)??Configuring or reconfiguringitself using profile data, making host names and addresses resolvable on thenetwork
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--查看GPnP的進(jìn)程：
[root@rac2 ~]# ps -ef|grep gpnp
grid?????5124???? 1? 0 15:26 ???????? 00:00:01/u01/app/grid/11.2.0/bin/gpnpd.bin
root?????6646? 4954? 0 15:38 pts/0??? 00:00:00 grep gpnp
[root@rac2 ~]#
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Grid Plug and Play (GPNPD): GPNPD provides access to the Grid Plug and Play profile, andcoordinates updates to the profile among the nodes of the cluster to ensurethat all of the nodes node have the most recent profile.
--GPnPD 進(jìn)程可以訪問Grid Plug and Play 的profile 文件，并且在集群的所有節(jié)點中協(xié)調(diào)更新profile的內(nèi)容。 已確保所有節(jié)點上的GPnP profile是最新的。
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Multicast Domain Name Service (mDNS): Grid Plug and Play uses the mDNS process to locate profiles in thecluster, as well as by GNS to perform name resolution. The mDNS process is abackground process on Linux and UNIX, and a service on Windows.
??? --GpnP 使用mDNS 進(jìn)程來查找集群中的profile文件，然后執(zhí)行名稱解析。
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The section,?AboutPrivate Networks, Network Interfaces, and Network Adapters, says that theentity,?Private network interfaces, is stored in the?OracleClusterware, in the Grid Plug and Play (GPnP) Profile.
--entity，privatenetwork interface 的信息也會存入到Oracle Clusterwre 和Grid Plug and Play Profile中。
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也就是說我們在安裝過程中配置某個interface作為private interface或者使用oifcfg cluster_interconnects命令配置的private interface信息都會寫入到GPnP的profile中。
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二. GPnP Profile 位置及內(nèi)容
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GPnP profile文件保存的是集群的配置信息。這個XML 文件里記錄了如下信息：
1.網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口和IP地址(公網(wǎng)和私網(wǎng))
2.ASM diskstring和spfile信息
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注意：Oracle不支持手動修改profile.xml文件，直接對它的修改可能導(dǎo)致無法修復(fù)的問題，最終導(dǎo)致在所有節(jié)點重建Clusterware。
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默認(rèn)的保存位置是：
$GRID_HOME/gpnp/$HOSTNAME/profile/peer/profile.xml
$GRID_HOME/gpnp/profile/peer/profile.xml（全局備份）
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在沒有啟動ASM 實例之前，diskgroup是沒有mount的，這時候啟動ASM 實例必須要讀取spfile文件。?
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當(dāng)ASM instance 查找初始化文件的時候，搜索的順序如下：
1.? GPnP（Grid Plug and Play） profile 中指定的本地位置
2.? 如果GPnP profile中沒有指定初始化文件的位置，然后搜索ASM InstanceHome目錄。這里會包含2種文件，SPFILE 和 PFILE，默認(rèn)路徑是：$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfile+ASM.ora
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在集群環(huán)境下，集群在啟動的時候,ClusterSynchronization Services (CSS)將掃描所有的ASM disks,它利用的是GPnP profile文件中的ASM discovery string。
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在Oracle 10g 的RAC里面， OCR 和Votingdisk是存放在單獨(dú)的raw設(shè)備上的，所以我們可以停止啟動ASM 實例。
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但是在Oracle 11gRAC里。Oracle 的架構(gòu)做了變跟。 和ASM 的spfile一樣，OCR和Votingdisk 也存放到了ASM 的磁盤組里。
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這時候，在啟動CRS的時候，也必須通過GPnP 屬性文件來獲取OCR和votingdisk的信息。 然后在啟動ASM 實例和數(shù)據(jù)庫實例。
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也正式如此，我們在11G RAC環(huán)境下，不能停止ASM 實例，只能停數(shù)據(jù)庫實例。 ASM 實例只能和CRS 一起停止。 因為CRS 依賴的文件存放在ASM 磁盤組上。
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將profile.xml的內(nèi)容復(fù)制出來，用瀏覽器打開，如下圖：
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