http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/archive/2011/06/09/2076248.html

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ORACLE SQL*PLUS 命令大全

2011-06-09 23:00 by 瀟湘隱者, 1324 visits, 收藏, 編輯

?其實網(wǎng)上已經(jīng)有SQL*PLUS命令大全這方面的資料了,不過大都不完整，只覆蓋了一些常用的命令，本著學(xué)習(xí)、實踐的原則，也為了梳理、總結(jié)SQL*PLUS方面的知識，自己也整理了一份這方面的文檔資料,不足之處還請大家多多指教。

?

---1：?HELP?INDEX
HELP?命令查詢相關(guān)命令的信息。

你可以從下面看到大概有54個SQL*PLUS命令。每個命令都有大量的參數(shù)選項，你不可能清楚的記得每個命令
以及它相關(guān)的參數(shù)細(xì)節(jié)，所以當(dāng)你遺忘時，就可以用HELP命令來查看相關(guān)命令的命令信息

SQL>?HELP?INDEX

Enter?Help?[topic]?for?help.

?@?????????????COPY?????????PAUSE????????????????????SHUTDOWN
?@@????????????DEFINE???????PRINT????????????????????SPOOL
?/?????????????DEL??????????PROMPT???????????????????SQLPLUS
?ACCEPT????????DESCRIBE?????QUIT?????????????????????START
?APPEND????????DISCONNECT???RECOVER??????????????????STARTUP
?ARCHIVE?LOG???EDIT?????????REMARK???????????????????STORE
?ATTRIBUTE?????EXECUTE??????REPFOOTER????????????????TIMING
?BREAK?????????EXIT?????????REPHEADER????????????????TTITLE
?BTITLE????????GET??????????RESERVED?WORDS?(SQL)?????UNDEFINE
?CHANGE????????HELP?????????RESERVED?WORDS?(PL/SQL)??VARIABLE
?CLEAR?????????HOST?????????RUN??????????????????????WHENEVER?OSERROR
?COLUMN????????INPUT????????SAVE?????????????????????WHENEVER?SQLERROR
?COMPUTE???????LIST?????????SET
?CONNECT???????PASSWORD?????SHOW
?
?HELP?[TOPIC]?來查看相關(guān)命令介紹以及語法。?可以用？代替HELP
?
?例子：
?HELP?DESCRIBE
?
???COPY
?

---2:?@
?運行調(diào)入內(nèi)存的sql文件（文件可以是本機(jī)腳本文件或web服務(wù)器上的腳本文件)
?@跟START命令具有相同功能。可以用START替代。可以不指定該文件擴(kuò)展名
?
?
?@?("at"?sign)
?-------------
?Runs?the?SQL*Plus?statements?in?the?specified?script.?The?script?can?be
?called?from?the?local?file?system?or?a?web?server.?Only?the?url?form?is
?supported?in?iSQL*Plus.

?@?{url|file_name[.ext]}?[arg?...]

?where?url?supports?HTTP?and?FTP?protocols?in?the?form:

????http://host.domain/script.sql

例子：執(zhí)行test。sql腳本文件
?
?SQL>?@?F:/test.sql
?
?其中test.sql中腳本如下所示
?
??PROMPT
??PROMPT?'顯示5條員工信息'
??PROMPT
??
??SELECT?*?FROM?SCOTT.EMP?WHERE?ROWNUM?<=?5
??/
??
??運行結(jié)果如圖所示。
?
?---3?@@
?@@?運行調(diào)入內(nèi)存的sql文件，跟@命令很相像。如果運行的腳本文件中有嵌入腳本，則@@比較有用。
?
?@@?(double?"at"?sign)
?---------------------

?Runs?the?specified?script.?This?command?is?almost?identical?to
?the?@?command.?It?is?useful?for?running?nested?scripts?because?it
?has?the?additional?functionality?of?looking?for?the?nested?script
?in?the?same?url?or?path?as?the?calling?script.?Only?the?url?form
?is?supported?in?iSQL*Plus.

?@@?{url|file_name[.ext]}?[arg?...]
?

---4??/?
執(zhí)行當(dāng)前緩沖區(qū)的命令（運行上一次執(zhí)行的SQL語句）.

SQL>?HELP?/

?/?(slash)
?---------

?Executes?the?most?recently?executed?SQL?command?or?PL/SQL?block
?which?is?stored?in?the?SQL?buffer.?Use?slash?(/)?at?the?command
?prompt?or?line?number?prompt?in?SQL*Plus?command?line,?or?use
?slash?(/)?in?the?iSQL*Plus?Workspace.?The?buffer?has?no?command
?history?and?does?not?record?SQL*Plus?commands.
?
?
?例子：如下圖所示：
?
---5??ACCEPT

?SQL>?HELP??ACCEPT?

?ACCEPT可以修改既有變量，也可定義一個新變量并等待用戶輸入初始值。

?ACCEPT
?------

?Reads?a?line?of?input?and?stores?it?in?a?given?substitution?variable.
?In?iSQL*Plus,?displays?the?Input?Required?screen?for?you?to?enter?a
?value?for?the?substitution?variable.

?ACC[EPT]?variable?[NUM[BER]?|?CHAR?|?DATE?|?BINARY_FLOAT?|?BINARY_DOUBLE]
?[FOR[MAT]?format]?[DEF[AULT]?default]?[PROMPT?text?|?NOPR[OMPT]]?[HIDE] ---6?APPEND
?????將text附加到當(dāng)前行之后。

SQL>?HELP?APPEND

?APPEND
?------

?Adds?text?to?the?end?of?the?current?line?in?the?SQL?buffer.

?A[PPEND]?text

?Not?available?in?iSQL*Plus
?
?
---7??ARCHIVE?LOG?
??????啟動或停止歸檔在線重做日志文件。

SQL>?HELP?ARCHIVE?LOG
?????
?ARCHIVE?LOG
?-----------

?Starts?or?stops?automatic?archiving?of?online?redo?log?files,
?manually?(explicitly)?archives?specified?redo?log?files,?or
?displays?information?about?redo?log?files.

?ARCHIVE?LOG?{LIST|STOP}?|?{START|NEXT|ALL|integer}?[TO?destination]
?

---8??ATTRIBUTE

SQL>?HELP?ATTRIBUTE

?ATTRIBUTE
?---------

?Specifies?display?characteristics?for?a?given?attribute?of?an?Object?Type
?column,?such?as?the?format?of?NUMBER?data.?Columns?and?attributes?should
?not?have?the?same?names?as?they?share?a?common?namespace.?Lists?the
?current?display?characteristics?for?a?single?attribute?or?all?attributes.

?ATTRIBUTE?[type_name.attribute_name?[option?...?]]

?where?option?represents?one?of?the?following?terms?or?clauses:
?????ALI[AS]?alias
?????CLE[AR]
?????FOR[MAT]?format
?????LIKE?{type_name.attribute_name?|?alias}
?????ON|OFF

---9??BREAK
?? ??break命令抑制重復(fù)的列或表達(dá)你的名字的默認(rèn)值。因此，要制止重復(fù)在ORDER BY子句中指定的列值，使用最簡單的形式break命令：
SQL>?HELP??BREAK

?BREAK
?-----

?Specifies?where?changes?occur?in?a?report?and?the?formatting
?action?to?perform,?such?as:
?-?suppressing?display?of?duplicate?values?for?a?given?column
?-?skipping?a?line?each?time?a?given?column?value?changes
???(In?iSQL*Plus,?only?when?Preformatted?Output?is?ON)
?-?printing?computed?figures?each?time?a?given?column?value
???changes?or?at?the?end?of?the?report.
?Enter?BREAK?with?no?clauses?to?list?the?current?BREAK?definition.

?BRE[AK]?[ON?report_element?[action?[action]]]?...

?where?report_element?has?the?following?syntax:
?????{column?|?expression?|?ROW?|?REPORT}

?and?where?action?has?the?following?syntax:
?????[SKI[P]?n?|?[SKI[P]]?PAGE]?[NODUP[LICATES]?|?DUP[LICATES]]

?The?SKIP?option?is?not?supported?in?iSQL*Plus

---10??BTITLE
??設(shè)置格式化頁腳
??
SQL>?HELP??BTITLE?;

?BTITLE
?------

?Places?and?formats?a?specified?title?at?the?bottom?of?each?report
?page,?or?lists?the?current?BTITLE?definition.

?BTI[TLE]?[printspec?[text|variable]?...]?|?[OFF|ON]

?where?printspec?represents?one?or?more?of?the?following?clauses:

?????COL?n??????????LE[FT]????????BOLD
?????S[KIP]?[n]?????CE[NTER]??????FORMAT?text

?? ? TAB?n??????????R[IGHT]??

?? ?

復(fù)制代碼 ---11?CHANGE
??????將SQL*Plus緩沖區(qū)當(dāng)前行的old_value替換為new_value;

?Changes?the?first?occurrence?of?the?specified?text?on?the?current
?line?of?the?SQL?buffer.?The?buffer?has?no?command?history?list?and
?does?not?record?SQL*Plus?commands.

?C[HANGE]?sepchar?old?[sepchar?[new[sepchar]]]

?Not?available?in?iSQL*Plus

---12?CLEAR
??????清除或重設(shè)當(dāng)前指定配置的值。CLEAR?BUFFER?即清空緩存區(qū)所有行。

Resets?or?erases?the?current?value?or?setting?for?the?specified?option.

CL[EAR]?option?...

where?option?represents?one?of?the?following?clauses:
????BRE[AKS]
????BUFF[ER]
????COL[UMNS]
????COMP[UTES]
????SCR[EEN]
????SQL
????TIMI[NG]

CLEAR?SCREEN?is?not?available?in?iSQL*Plus

例子：
???CLEAR?BUFFER;
??
???CLEAR?SQL;

---13??COLUMN
???????用于格式化列標(biāo)題和列數(shù)據(jù)的現(xiàn)實格式。

?Specifies?display?attributes?for?a?given?column,?such?as:
?????-?text?for?the?column?heading
?????-?alignment?for?the?column?heading
?????-?format?for?NUMBER?data
?????-?wrapping?of?column?data
?Also?lists?the?current?display?attributes?for?a?single?column
?or?all?columns.

?COL[UMN]?[{column?|?expr}?[option?...]?]

?where?option?represents?one?of?the?following?clauses:
?????ALI[AS]?alias
?????CLE[AR]
?????ENTMAP?{ON|OFF}
?????FOLD_A[FTER]
?????FOLD_B[EFORE]
?????FOR[MAT]?format
?????HEA[DING]?text
?????JUS[TIFY]?{L[EFT]?|?C[ENTER]?|?R[IGHT]}
?????LIKE?{expr?|?alias}
?????NEWL[INE]
?????NEW_V[ALUE]?variable
?????NOPRI[NT]?|?PRI[NT]
?????NUL[L]?text
?????OLD_V[ALUE]?variable
?????ON|OFF
?????WRA[PPED]?|?WOR[D_WRAPPED]?|?TRU[NCATED]
?????
例子：
??????
?
---14?COMPUTE

In?combination?with?the?BREAK?command,?calculates?and?prints
summary?lines?using?various?standard?computations.?Also?lists
all?COMPUTE?definitions.

COMP[UTE]?[function?[LAB[EL]?text]?...
??OF?{expr|column|alias}?...
??ON?{expr|column|alias|REPORT|ROW}?...]

---15?CONNECT
??????連接數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)庫命令.如果是SYSDBA或SYSOPER賬號，則必須在后面加上AS?{SYSOPER?|?SYSDBA}，否則會報錯。

CONNECT
-------

Connects?a?given?username?to?the?Oracle?Database.?When?you?run?a
CONNECT?command,?the?site?profile,?glogin.sql,?and?the?user?profile,
login.sql,?are?processed?in?that?order.?CONNECT?does?not?reprompt
for?username?or?password?if?the?initial?connection?does?not?succeed.

CONN[ECT]?[{logon|/|proxy}?[AS?{SYSOPER|SYSDBA}]]

where?logon?has?the?following?syntax:
????username[/password][@connect_identifier]

例子：

SQL>CONNECT?SYSDBA/U*jd24))(&^??AS?SYSDBA;
?
SQL>CONN?SYSTEM/KERRY123456
已連接。
SQL>?HELP?CONN
?
?
---16?COPY
?? ??COPY可以完成遠(yuǎn)程數(shù)據(jù)庫、本地數(shù)據(jù)庫或ORACLE數(shù)據(jù)庫與非ORACLE 數(shù)據(jù)庫之間的數(shù)據(jù)復(fù)制

Copies?data?from?a?query?to?a?table?in?the?same?or?another
database.?COPY?supports?CHAR,?DATE,?LONG,?NUMBER?and?VARCHAR2.

COPY?{FROM?database?|?TO?database?|?FROM?database?TO?database}
???????????{APPEND|CREATE|INSERT|REPLACE}?destination_table
???????????[(column,?column,?column,?...)]?USING?query

where?database?has?the?following?syntax:
????username[/password]@connect_identifier
????

---17???DEFINE
?定義替換變量并附值給它，或列出指定賦值變量值或所有變量
?Specifies?a?substitution?variable?and?assigns?a?CHAR?value?to?it,?or
?lists?the?value?and?variable?type?of?a?single?variable?or?all?variables.

?DEF[INE]?[variable]?|?[variable?=?text]
?
?例子：
SQL>?DEFINE
DEFINE?_DATE???????????=?"09-6月?-11"?(CHAR)
DEFINE?_CONNECT_IDENTIFIER?=?"orcl"?(CHAR)
DEFINE?_USER???????????=?"SYSTEM"?(CHAR)
DEFINE?_PRIVILEGE??????=?""?(CHAR)
DEFINE?_SQLPLUS_RELEASE?=?"1002000100"?(CHAR)
DEFINE?_EDITOR?????????=?"Notepad"?(CHAR)
DEFINE?_O_VERSION??????=?"Oracle?Database?10g?Enterprise?Edition?Release?10.2.0.1.0?-?
With?the?Partitioning,?OLAP?and?Data?Mining?options"?(CHAR)
DEFINE?_O_RELEASE??????=?"1002000100"?(CHAR)
DEFINE?_RC?????????????=?"1"?(CHAR)

SQL>?DEFINE?_EDITOR
DEFINE?_EDITOR?????????=?"Notepad"?(CHAR)

---18???DEL
???????DEL刪除命令緩沖區(qū)的某一行。?DEL?刪除當(dāng)前行??DEL?n?刪除第n行。
?Deletes?one?or?more?lines?of?the?SQL?buffer.?The?buffer?has?no
?command?history?list?and?does?not?record?SQL*Plus?commands.

?DEL?[n?|?n?m?|?n?*?|?n?LAST?|?*?|?*?n?|?*?LAST?|?LAST]

?Not?available?in?iSQL*Plus
?
?例子：
?
?DEL?1;

---19???DESCRIBE
?返回數(shù)據(jù)庫所存儲對象的描述。這個命令大家用得相當(dāng)多，比如查看表的數(shù)據(jù)字典等，在此不細(xì)說。

?Lists?the?column?definitions?for?a?table,?view,?or?synonym
?or?the?specifications?for?a?function?or?procedure.

?DESC[RIBE]?{[schema.]object[@connect_identifier]}
?
?
?例子：
?DESC?SCOTT.EMP;
?

SQL>??DESC?SCOTT.EMP;
?名稱??????????????????????????????????????是否為空??類型
?-----------------------------------------?--------?-----------------------
?EMPNO??????????????????????????????????????????????NOT?NULL?NUMBER(4)
?ENAME??????????????????????????????????????????????VARCHAR2(10)
?JOB????????????????????????????????????????????????VARCHAR2(9)
?MGR????????????????????????????????????????????????NUMBER(4)
?HIREDATE???????????????????????????????????????????DATE
?SAL????????????????????????????????????????????????NUMBER(7,2)
?COMM???????????????????????????????????????????????NUMBER(7,2)
?DEPTNO?????????????????????????????????????????????NUMBER(2)

---20??DISCONNECT
?讓當(dāng)前用戶從ORACLE數(shù)據(jù)庫斷開，但是不退出?SQL*PLUS

?Commits?pending?changes?to?the?database?and?logs?the?current
?user?out?of?Oracle,?but?does?not?exit?SQL*Plus.
?In?SQL*Plus?command?line,?use?EXIT?or?QUIT?to?log?out?of?Oracle
?and?return?control?to?your?computer''s?operating?system.
?In?iSQL*Plus,?click?the?Logout?button?to?log?out?of?Oracle.

?DISC[ONNECT]
?
?例子
?SQL>?DISCONNECT;
?從?Oracle?Database?10g?Enterprise?Edition?Release?10.2.0.1.0?-?Production
?With?the?Partitioning,?OLAP?and?Data?Mining?options?斷開
?
?如果想退出SQL*PLUS程序，可以用EXIT或QUIT ---21??EDIT
?調(diào)用操作系統(tǒng)文本編輯器打開指定文件或編輯緩沖區(qū)的內(nèi)容。如果不指定文件名,例如??EDIT?F:/，則會提示您創(chuàng)建新的文件。
?文本編輯器在Windows下是Notepad，?在Unix或Linux下是Vi或emacs，可以用DEFINE?_EDITOR?=?‘編輯器名字’改變默認(rèn)編輯器
?
?Invokes?an?operating?system?text?editor?on?the?contents?of?the
?specified?file?or?on?the?contents?of?the?SQL?buffer.?The?buffer
?has?no?command?history?list?and?does?not?record?SQL*Plus?commands.

?ED[IT]?[file_name[.ext]]

?Not?available?in?iSQL*Plus
?
?例子：不指定文件名
?SQL>?EDIT?F:/
?
?會創(chuàng)建一個*。sql文件，如下圖所示

?SQL>?EDIT?F:/123.TXT?創(chuàng)建123.txt文件。如下圖所示?
?

---22??EXECUTE
??執(zhí)行存儲過程或PL/SQL塊

?Executes?a?single?PL/SQL?statement?or?runs?a?stored?procedure.

?EXEC[UTE]?statement

---23??EXIT
?退出SQL*PLUS

?Commits?or?rolls?back?all?pending?changes,?logs?out?of?Oracle,
?terminates?SQL*Plus?and?returns?control?to?the?operating?system.
?In?iSQL*Plus,?commits?or?rolls?back?all?pending?changes,?stops
?processing?the?current?iSQL*Plus?script?and?returns?focus?to?the
?Workspace.?There?is?no?way?to?access?the?return?code?in?iSQL*Plus.
?In?iSQL*Plus?click?the?Logout?button?to?log?out?of?Oracle?Database.

?{EXIT|QUIT}?[SUCCESS|FAILURE|WARNING|n|variable|:BindVariable]
???[COMMIT|ROLLBACK]

?
---24???GET
????????將SQL文件的內(nèi)容讀入SQL*Plus緩沖區(qū)。查看保存的腳本

?Loads?a?SQL?statement?or?PL/SQL?block?from?a?script?into?the?SQL?buffer.
?In?iSQL*Plus?click?the?Load?Script?button?to?load?a?script?into?the
?Workspace.?The?buffer?has?no?command?history?list?and?does?not?record
?SQL*Plus?commands.

?GET?[FILE]?file_name[.ext]?[LIST?|?NOLIST]

?Not?available?in?iSQL*Plus

例子：SQL>?GET?FILE?F:/11.EXT?LIST
??1??1111111
??2*?111111
??
??其中1,2所列內(nèi)容是我放在11.EXT中的內(nèi)容
?
?

?
---25?HOST

?HOST
?----

?Executes?an?operating?system?command?without?leaving?SQL*Plus.
?Enter?HOST?without?command?to?display?an?operating?system?prompt.
?You?can?then?enter?multiple?operating?system?commands.

?HO[ST]?[command]

?Not?available?in?iSQL*Plus

---26?INPUT

?INPUT
?-----

?Adds?one?or?more?new?lines?of?text?after?the?current?line?in?the
?SQL?buffer.?The?buffer?has?no?command?history?list?and?does?not
?record?SQL*Plus?commands.

?I[NPUT]?[text]

?Not?available?in?iSQL*Plus

---27?LIST
??????列出SQL*Plus緩存區(qū)的所有行或指定的N行語句。例如?LIST?N；
?LIST
?----

?Lists?one?or?more?lines?of?the?most?recently?executed?SQL?command
?or?PL/SQL?block?which?is?stored?in?the?SQL?buffer.?Enter?LIST?with
?no?clauses?to?list?all?lines.?In?SQL*Plus?command-line?you?can?also
?use?";"?to?list?all?the?lines?in?the?SQL?buffer.?The?buffer?has?no
?command?history?list?and?does?not?record?SQL*Plus?commands.

?L[IST]?[n?|?n?m?|?n??*?|?n?LAST?|?*?|?*?n?|?*?LAST?|?LAST]

?例子：
??????SQL>?LIST
??????1*?SELECT?*?FROM?SCOTT.EMP

---28?PASSWORD;
????更改數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶密碼，不指定用戶，則默認(rèn)跟改SYS用戶賬號

?PASSWORD
?--------

?Allows?you?to?change?a?password?without?displaying?it?on?an?input?device.
?In?iSQL*Plus,?use?the?Password?screen?to?change?your?password.

?PASSW[ORD]?[username]

?Not?available?in?iSQL*Plus

?例子：
???????SQL>?PASSWORD?
更改?SYS?的口令
舊口令:?******
新口令:******
?
?
?
---29?PAUSE;

?PAUSE
?-----

?Displays?the?specified?text?then?waits?for?the?user?to?press?RETURN.
?In?iSQL*Plus,?displays?the?Next?Page?button?which?the?user?must?click
?to?continue.

?PAU[SE]?[text]

---30?PRINT;
??????顯示當(dāng)前綁定變量值或列出所有綁定變量

?PRINT
?-----

?Displays?the?current?values?of?bind?variables,?or?lists?all?bind
?variables.

?PRI[NT]?[variable?...]

? 復(fù)制代碼 ---31?PROMPT;
??????使用PROMPT命令可以在屏幕上輸出一行數(shù)據(jù)。這種方式有助于在腳本文件中向用戶
??????傳遞相應(yīng)信息。比如我一個腳本文件Test.sql里面有下面這一段腳本：
??????PROMPT
??????PROMPT?'顯示5條員工信息'
??????PROMPT
??????
??????SELECT?*?FROM?SCOTT.EMP?WHERE?ROWNUM?<?5;
??????
??????
??????
?PROMPT
?------

?Sends?the?specified?message?or?a?blank?line?to?the?users?screen.

?PRO[MPT]?[text]

?例子：
?SQL>?PROMPT?HELLO?KERRY
?HELLO?KERRY
?
?
---32?QUIT;
??????提交或回滾所有的變化，退出ORACLE，中斷SQL*PLUS。
?QUIT?(Identical?to?EXIT)
?----

?Commits?or?rolls?back?all?pending?changes,?logs?out?of?Oracle,
?terminates?SQL*Plus?and?returns?control?to?the?operating?system.
?In?iSQL*Plus,?commits?or?rolls?back?all?pending?changes,?stops
?processing?the?current?iSQL*Plus?script?and?returns?focus?to?the
?Workspace.?There?is?no?way?to?access?the?return?code?in?iSQL*Plus.
?In?iSQL*Plus?click?the?Logout?button?to?log?out?of?Oracle?Database.

?{QUIT|EXIT}?[SUCCESS|FAILURE|WARNING|n|variable|:BindVariable]
???[COMMIT|ROLLBACK]

---33?RECOVER;

?RECOVER
?-------

?Performs?media?recovery?on?one?or?more?tablespaces,?one?or?more
?datafiles,?or?the?entire?database.

?Because?of?possible?network?timeouts,?it?is?recommended?that?you
?use?SQL*Plus?command-line,?not?iSQL*Plus,?for?long?running?DBA
?operations?such?as?RECOVER.

?RECOVER?{general?|?managed}?|?BEGIN?BACKUP?|?END?BACKUP}

?
---34?REMARK

?REMARK
?------

?Begins?a?comment?in?a?script.?SQL*Plus?does?not?interpret?the?comment
?as?a?command.

?REM[ARK]

---35??REPFOOTER;

?REPFOOTER
?---------

?Places?and?formats?a?footer?at?the?bottom?of?a?report,?or?lists?the
?REPFOOTER?definition.

?REPF[OOTER]?[PAGE]?[printspec?[text|variable]?...]?|?[OFF|ON]

?where?printspec?represents?one?or?more?of?the?following?clauses:
?????COL?n??????????LE[FT]????????BOLD
?????S[KIP]?[n]?????CE[NTER]??????FORMAT?text
?????TAB?n??????????R[IGHT]

---36??REPFOOTER;

?REPFOOTER
?---------

?Places?and?formats?a?footer?at?the?bottom?of?a?report,?or?lists?the
?REPFOOTER?definition.

?REPF[OOTER]?[PAGE]?[printspec?[text|variable]?...]?|?[OFF|ON]

?where?printspec?represents?one?or?more?of?the?following?clauses:
?????COL?n??????????LE[FT]????????BOLD
?????S[KIP]?[n]?????CE[NTER]??????FORMAT?text
?????TAB?n??????????R[IGHT]

--37?HELP?RESERVED?WORDS?(SQL);
?????查看SQL中保留關(guān)鍵字。有時候在寫腳本時應(yīng)該避免使用SQL保留關(guān)鍵字做變量、表名、字段名等
?????如果你不確認(rèn)自己定義的變量是否是保留關(guān)鍵字，就可以用這個命令看看。如果你只想查看SQL的保留
?????關(guān)鍵字?可以用??HELP?RESERVED?WORDS?(SQL),如果想查看兩者就直接輸入HELP?RESERVED?WORDS?即可。
?
?RESERVED?WORDS?(SQL)
?-----------------------

?PL/SQL?Reserved?Words?have?special?meaning?in?PL/SQL,?and?may?not?be?used
?for?identifier?names?(unless?enclosed?in?"quotes").
?
?
?
---38?HELP?RESERVED?WORDS?(PL/SQL);
??????查看PL/SQL中保留關(guān)鍵字。類似上面命令。

?
?RESERVED?WORDS?(SQL)
--------------------

SQL?Reserved?Words?have?special?meaning?in?SQL,?and?may?not?be?used?for
identifier?names?unless?enclosed?in?"quotes".

An?asterisk?(*)?indicates?words?are?also?ANSI?Reserved?Words.

Oracle?prefixes?implicitly?generated?schema?object?and?subobject?names
with?"SYS_".?To?avoid?name?resolution?conflict,?Oracle?discourages?you
from?prefixing?your?schema?object?and?subobject?names?with?"SYS_".
?
?
---39?RUN
??????運行緩存區(qū)中保存的語句。
?RUN
?---

?Lists?and?executes?the?most?recently?executed?SQL?command?or
?PL/SQL?block?which?is?stored?in?the?SQL?buffer.?The?buffer?has
?no?command?history?list?and?does?not?record?SQL*Plus?commands.

?R[UN]

---40?SAVE;
??????將SQL*Plus緩沖區(qū)的內(nèi)容保存到所指定的文件中。如果用戶沒有指定文件擴(kuò)展名，則默認(rèn)
??????擴(kuò)展名為SQL，后面的CREATE表示如果文件不存在創(chuàng)建一個文件。REPLACE表示如果文件不
??????存在則創(chuàng)建，否則替換覆蓋文件中的內(nèi)容。?APPEND把緩沖區(qū)的內(nèi)容追加到文件末尾。
?SAVE
?----

?Saves?the?contents?of?the?SQL?buffer?in?a?script.?In?iSQL*Plus,?click
?the?Save?Script?button?to?save?the?Workspace?contents?to?a?script.?The
?buffer?has?no?command?history?list?and?does?not?record?SQL*Plus?commands.

?SAV[E]?[FILE]?file_name[.ext]?[CRE[ATE]?|?REP[LACE]?|?APP[END]]

?Not?available?in?iSQL*Plus

?例子：
???????SQL>?save?F:/ttt.sql? ---41?SET
?設(shè)置系統(tǒng)變量以及SQL*PLUS環(huán)境變量
?----------------------------------------SET?命令選項--------------------------------------
?---SET?TIME??{ON?|?OFF}?
?控制當(dāng)前時間的顯示。取值為ON時，表示在每個命令提示符前顯示當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)時間；取值為OFF時不顯示當(dāng)前的系統(tǒng)時間。
?
?---SET?PAUSE?{OFF|?ON?|?TEXT}
??設(shè)置SQL*Plus輸出結(jié)果時是否滾動顯示。
?????????當(dāng)取值為NO時表示輸出結(jié)果每一頁都暫停，用戶按回車鍵后繼續(xù)顯示；?按CTRL?+?C退出每一頁顯示。
?????????當(dāng)取值為OFF時表示一次性全部輸出?
?????????當(dāng)取值為字符串時，每次暫停都顯示該字符串
?????????
?????????
?????SET?PAUSE?ON;
?????SET?PAUSE?'按回車鍵繼續(xù)'
?????SELECT?*?FROM?EMP;
?????
?---SET?PAGESIZE?{14?|?N};
?設(shè)置每頁打印的行數(shù)，該值包括NEWPAGE?設(shè)置的空行數(shù)
??
??
?---SET?NEWPAGE?{1|?N?|?NONE}??
?設(shè)置每頁打印標(biāo)題前的空行數(shù)，默認(rèn)值為1
??
?---SET?LINESIZE
?設(shè)置每行打印字符數(shù)，默認(rèn)每行打印80個字符。可以設(shè)置LINESIZE，以避免折疊顯示。
??
?---SET?NUMFORMAT
?
?格式掩碼
?
?字符??????????????示例??????????????????????說明
?9?????????????????999???????????????????????查詢結(jié)果中數(shù)字替換格式中的掩碼
?0?????????????????999.00????????????????????格式中的掩碼屏蔽掉查詢結(jié)果中的數(shù)字。
?$?????????????????$999??????????????????????在查詢結(jié)果中的數(shù)字添加美元前綴。
?S?????????????????S999??????????????????????為數(shù)字顯示符號類型，通常用于顯示查詢結(jié)果中的正負(fù)數(shù)字
?PR????????????????999PR?????????????????????在尖括號中顯示數(shù)字。
?D?OR?.????????????99D99.99??????????????????在字符D或字符小數(shù)點"."位置上放置小數(shù)點
?,?????????????????999,99????????????????????在字符","位置上放置逗號
?RN?OR?rn??????????RN????????????????????????根據(jù)字符的大小寫形式，以大寫或者小寫的形式顯示羅馬數(shù)字。
?
?
?---SET?TIMING?{?ON?|?OFF?}
?顯示SQL命令消耗的系統(tǒng)時間。
?
?
---42?SHOW
??????顯示SQL*Plus系統(tǒng)變量值或當(dāng)前SQL*Plus的環(huán)境，

?SHOW
?----

?Shows?the?value?of?a?SQL*Plus?system?variable,?or?the?current
?SQL*Plus?environment.?SHOW?SGA?requires?a?DBA?privileged?login.

?SHO[W]?option
?
?例子：
?
?SQL>?SHOW?SGA;

Total?System?Global?Area??612368384?bytes
Fixed?Size??????????????????1250428?bytes
Variable?Size?????????????272632708?bytes
Database?Buffers??????????331350016?bytes
Redo?Buffers????????????????7135232?bytes
?????
?

---43?SHUTDOWN
???關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫實例，使用SHUTDOWN時有5個參數(shù)可以選擇。

?SHUTDOWN
?--------

?Shuts?down?a?currently?running?Oracle?Database?instance,?optionally
?closing?and?dismounting?a?database.

?SHUTDOWN?[ABORT|IMMEDIATE|NORMAL|TRANSACTIONAL?[LOCAL]]
?
?SHUTDOWN?ABORT???????????????強(qiáng)制關(guān)閉，可能會丟失部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)。如果數(shù)據(jù)庫重啟實例并打開數(shù)據(jù)庫時，后臺進(jìn)程SMON會執(zhí)行恢復(fù)操作
?
?以終止方式關(guān)閉時，?ORACLE將執(zhí)行以下操作
??1：阻止任何用戶建立新的連接。同時阻止當(dāng)前連接的用戶開始新的事務(wù)。
??2：立即終止當(dāng)前正在執(zhí)行的SQL語句。
??3：任何未提交的事務(wù)均不被回退。
??4：立即斷開所有用戶的連接，關(guān)閉、卸載數(shù)據(jù)庫，并終止實例。
?
?SHUTDOWN?NORMAL??????????????正常關(guān)閉方式
?
?以正常方式關(guān)閉時，ORACLE將執(zhí)行以下操作
??1：阻止任何用戶建立新的連接
??2：等待當(dāng)前所有正在連接的用戶主動斷開連接，已經(jīng)連接的用戶能夠繼續(xù)當(dāng)前的操作
??3：一旦所有的用戶都斷開連接，即立即關(guān)閉、卸載數(shù)據(jù)庫，并終止實例。
??
?SHUTDOWN?IMMEDIATE???????????立即關(guān)閉方式
?以立即關(guān)閉方式時，ORACLE將執(zhí)行以下操作
?1：阻止任何用戶建立新的連接。同時阻止當(dāng)前連接的用戶開始任何新的事務(wù)。
?2：任何未提交的事務(wù)均被回退。
?3：ORACLE不再等待用戶主動斷開連接，而是直接關(guān)閉、卸載數(shù)據(jù)庫，并終止實例。
?
?SHUTDOWN?TRANSACTIONAL???????事務(wù)關(guān)閉方式介于正常關(guān)閉方式與立即關(guān)閉方式之間。它能夠在盡可能短的時間內(nèi)
??????????????????????????????關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫，但是能夠保證當(dāng)前所有活動事務(wù)都可以被提交。
?以事務(wù)關(guān)閉方式時，ORACLE將執(zhí)行以下操作
?1：阻止任何用戶建立新的連接，同時阻止當(dāng)前連接的用戶開始任何新的事務(wù)。
?2；等待所有未提交的活動事務(wù)提交完畢，然后立即斷開用戶連接。
?3：關(guān)閉、卸載數(shù)據(jù)庫，并終止實例。???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?
?---44?SPOOL;
???????將SQL*Plus中輸出的結(jié)果復(fù)制到filename所指定的文件中。
???????
?SPOOL
?-----

?Stores?query?results?in?a?file,?or?optionally?sends?the?file?to?a?printer.
?In?iSQL*Plus,?use?the?Preferences?screen?to?direct?output?to?a?file.

?SPO[OL]?[file_name[.ext]?[CRE[ATE]?|?REP[LACE]?|?APP[END]]?|?OFF?|?OUT]

?Not?available?in?iSQL*Plus
?
?例子：
?SQL>?SPOOL?F:/TEMP.TEXT;
?SQL>?SELECT?*?FROM?SCOTT.EMP;
?SQL>?SPOOL?OFF;

?
?---45??SQLPLUS
????????運行SQL*Plus
?SQLPLUS
?-------

?Starts?SQL*Plus?from?the?operating?system?prompt.

?SQLPLUS?[?[option]?[logon]?[start]?]

?where?option?has?the?following?syntax:
?????-H[ELP]
?????|?-V[ERSION]
?????|?[[-C[OMPATIBILITY]?x.y[.z]]?[-L[OGON]]
????????[-M[ARKUP]?markup_option]?[-R[ESTRICT]?{1|2|3}]?[-S[ILENT]]]

?and?where?markup_option?has?the?following?syntax:
?????HTML?[ON|OFF]?[HEAD?text]?[BODY?text]?[TABLE?text]
??????????[ENTMAP?{ON|OFF}]?[SPOOL?{ON|OFF}]?[PRE[FORMAT]?{ON|OFF}]

?and?where?logon?has?the?following?syntax:
?????{username[/password][@connect_identifier]?|?/}
?????[AS?{SYSOPER|SYSDBA}]?|?/NOLOG

?and?where?start?has?the?following?syntax:
?????@{url|filename[.ext]}?[arg?...]
?????
---46??START
???????將filename文件的內(nèi)容讀入SQL*Plus緩沖區(qū)，然后執(zhí)行緩沖區(qū)的腳本（運行腳本文件）
?START
?-----

?Runs?the?SQL*Plus?statements?in?the?specified?script.?The?script?can?be
?called?from?the?local?file?system?or?a?web?server.?Only?the?url?form?is
?supported?in?iSQL*Plus.

?STA[RT]?{url|file_name[.ext]}?[arg?...]

?where?url?supports?HTTP?and?FTP?protocols?in?the?form:

????http://host.domain/script.sql

---47?STARTUP
??????啟動ORACLE實例。

?STARTUP
-------

Starts?an?Oracle?instance?with?several?options,?including?mounting,
and?opening?a?database.

STARTUP?options?|?upgrade_options

where?options?has?the?following?syntax:
???[FORCE]?[RESTRICT]?[PFILE=filename]?[QUIET]?[?MOUNT?[dbname]?|
???[?OPEN?[open_options]?[dbname]?]?|
???NOMOUNT?]

where?open_options?has?the?following?syntax:
???READ?{ONLY?|?WRITE?[RECOVER]}?|?RECOVER

and?where?upgrade_options?has?the?following?syntax:
???[PFILE=filename]?{UPGRADE?|?DOWNGRADE}?[QUIET]

---?48?STORE

?STORE
?-----

?Saves?attributes?of?the?current?SQL*Plus?environment?in?a?script.

?STORE?{SET}?file_name[.ext]?[CRE[ATE]?|?REP[LACE]?|?APP[END]]

?Not?available?in?iSQL*Plus
?
---?49?TIMING

?TIMING
?------

?Records?timing?data?for?an?elapsed?time?period,?lists?the?current
?timer''s?name?and?timing?data,?or?lists?the?number?of?active?timers.

?TIMI[NG]?[START?text|SHOW|STOP]

---50??TTITLE;
???設(shè)置頁眉選項。
?TTITLE
?------

?Places?and?formats?a?title?at?the?top?of?each?report?page.
?Enter?TTITLE?with?no?clause?to?list?its?current?definition.

?The?old?form?of?TTITLE?is?used?if?only?a?single?word?or
?a?string?in?quotes?follows?the?TTITLE?command.

?TTI[TLE]?[printspec?[text|variable]?...]?|?[OFF|ON]

?where?printspec?represents?one?or?more?of?the?following?clauses:

?????COL?n??????????LE[FT]????????BOLD
?????S[KIP]?[n]?????CE[NTER]??????FORMAT?text
?????TAB?n??????????R[IGHT]
?????
?例子：
??????TTITLE?ON?????開啟頁眉
??????TTITLE?OFF????關(guān)閉頁眉
??????
??????SQL>?TTITLE?CENTER?'職工信息表'
??????SQL>?SELECT?*?FROM?SCOTT.EMP; 復(fù)制代碼

?

---51?UNDEFINE;
????刪除一個或多個你定義的替換變量。
?UNDEFINE
?--------

?Deletes?one?or?more?substitution?variables?that?you?defined?either
?explicitly?(with?the?DEFINE?command),?or?implicitly?(with?a?START
?command?argument).

?UNDEF[INE]?variable?...

---52?VARIABLE;

?VARIABLE
?--------

?Declares?a?bind?variable?that?can?be?referenced?in?PL/SQL,?or
?lists?the?current?display?characteristics?for?a?single?variable
?or?all?variables.

VAR[IABLE]?[variable?[type]]

?where?type?represents?one?of?the?following:

?????NUMBER?????????CHAR??????????CHAR?(n?[CHAR|BYTE])
?????NCHAR??????????NCHAR?(n)?????VARCHAR2?(n?[CHAR|BYTE])
?????NVARCHAR2?(n)??CLOB??????????NCLOB
?????REFCURSOR??????BINARY_FLOAT??BINARY_DOUBLE
?????
---53?SQL>?WHENEVER?OSERROR

?WHENEVER?OSERROR
?----------------

?Performs?the?specified?action?(exits?SQL*Plus?by?default)?if?an
?operating?system?error?occurs?(such?as?a?file?writing?error).
?In?iSQL*Plus,?performs?the?specified?action?(stops?the?current
?script?by?default)?and?returns?focus?to?the?Workspace?if?an
?operating?system?error?occurs.

?WHENEVER?OSERROR?{EXIT?[SUCCESS|FAILURE|n|variable|:BindVariable]
???????????????????[COMMIT|ROLLBACK]?|?CONTINUE?[COMMIT|ROLLBACK|NONE]}

???????????????????
---54?
?WHENEVER?SQLERROR
?-----------------

?Performs?the?specified?action?(exits?SQL*Plus?by?default)?if?a
?SQL?command?or?PL/SQL?block?generates?an?error.
?In?iSQL*Plus,?performs?the?specified?action?(stops?the?current
?script?by?default)?and?returns?focus?to?the?Workspace?if?a?SQL
?command?or?PL/SQL?block?generates?an?error.

?WHENEVER?SQLERROR?{EXIT?[SUCCESS|FAILURE|WARNING|n|variable|:BindVariable]
????????????????????[COMMIT|ROLLBACK]?|?CONTINUE?[COMMIT|ROLLBACK|NONE]} 復(fù)制代碼

?

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