Oracle with语句的用法
http://database.51cto.com/art/201010/231528.htm
Oracle with語句是經常可以見到的語句，下面就為您詳細介紹Oracle with語句的用法，如果您對Oracle with語句感興趣的話，不妨一看。
當查詢中多次用到某一部分時，可以用Oracle with語句創建一個公共臨時表。因為子查詢在內存臨時表中，避免了重復解析，所以執行效率會提高不少。臨時表在一次查詢結束自動清除。
一般語法格式：
Oracle with語句的例子：
輸出結果：
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?
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?=======http://www.blogjava.net/algz/articles/365688.html
[轉] 關于oracle with table as 創建臨時表的用法示例1、with table as 相當于建個臨時表（用于一個語句中某些中間結果放在臨時表空間的SQL語句），Oracle 9i 新增WITH語法，可以將查詢中的子查詢命名，放到SELECT語句的最前面。
語法就是
with tempname as (select ....)
select ...
例子：
with t as (select * from emp where depno=10)
select * from t where empno=xxx
with
wd as (select did,arg(salary) 平均工資 from work group by did),
em as (select emp.*,w.salary from emp left join work w on emp.eid = w.eid)
select * from wd,em where wd.did =em.did and wd.平均工資>em.salary;
2、何時被清除
臨時表不都是會話結束就自動被PGA清除嘛! 但with as臨時表是查詢完成后就被清除了！
23:48:58 SCOTT@orcl> with aa as(select * from dept)
23:57:58?? 2? select * from aa;
??? DEPTNO DNAME????????? LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
??????? 10 ACCOUNTING???? NEW YORK
??????? 20 RESEARCH?????? DALLAS
??????? 30 SALES????????? CHICAGO
??????? 40 OPERATIONS???? BOSTON
已用時間:? 00: 00: 00.12
23:58:06 SCOTT@orcl> select * from aa;
select * from aa
????????????? *
第 1 行出現錯誤:
ORA-00942: 表或視圖不存在
已用時間:? 00: 00: 00.02
23:58:14 SCOTT@orcl>
3、就這一功能來說，子查詢就可以達到啊，為什么要用with呢？ 用with有什么好處？
都能寫，但執行計劃不同的。當有多個相似子查詢的時候，用with寫公共部分，因為子查詢結果在內存臨時表中，執行效率當然就高啦~
4、問題：
有張表數據如下：
aaa 高
bbb 低
aaa 低
aaa 高
bbb 低
bbb 高
需要得到下列結果,
? 高 低
aaa 2 1
bbb 1 2
問 SQL 語句怎么寫？？
答案：
with tt as (
? select 'aaa' id, '高' value from dual union all
? select 'bbb' id, '低' value from dual union all
? select 'aaa' id, '低' value from dual union all
? select 'aaa' id, '高' value from dual union all
? select 'bbb' id, '低' value from dual union all
? select 'bbb' id, '高' value from dual)
SELECT id,
?????? COUNT(decode(VALUE, '高', 1)) 高,
?????? COUNT(decode(VALUE, '低', 1)) 低
? FROM tt
?GROUP BY id;
===================================================================
擴展：
Oracle9i新增WITH語法，可以將查詢中的子查詢命名，放到SELECT語句的最前面。
一個簡單的例子:
SQL> WITH
2 SEG AS (SELECT SEGMENT_NAME, SUM(BYTES)/1024 K FROM USER_SEGMENTS GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME),
3 OBJ AS (SELECT OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_TYPE FROM USER_OBJECTS)
4 SELECT O.OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_TYPE, NVL(S.K, 0) SIZE_K
5 FROM OBJ O, SEG S
6 WHERE O.OBJECT_NAME = S.SEGMENT_NAME (+)
7 ;
OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE SIZE_K
------------------------------ ------------------- ----------
DAIJC_TEST TABLE 128
P_TEST PROCEDURE 0
IND_DAIJC_TEST_C1 INDEX 128
通過WITH語句定義了兩個子查詢SEG和OBJ，在隨后的SELECT語句中可以直接對預定義的子查詢進行查詢。從上面的例子也可以看出，使用WITH語句，將一個包含聚集、外連接等操作SQL清晰的展現出來。
WITH定義的子查詢不僅可以使查詢語句更加簡單、清晰，而且WITH定義的子查詢還具有在SELECT語句的任意層均可見的特點。
即使是在WITH的定義層中，后定義的子查詢都可以使用前面已經定義好的子查詢:
SQL> WITH
2 Q1 AS (SELECT 3 + 5 S FROM DUAL),
3 Q2 AS (SELECT 3 * 5 M FROM DUAL),
4 Q3 AS (SELECT S, M, S + M, S * M FROM Q1, Q2)
5 SELECT * FROM Q3;
S M S+M S*M
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
8 15 23 120
利用WITH定義查詢中出現多次的子查詢還能帶來性能提示。Oracle會對WITH進行性能優化，當需要多次訪問WITH定義的子查詢時，Oracle會將子查詢的結果放到一個臨時表中，避免同樣的子查詢多次執行，從而有效的減少了查詢的IO數量。
WITH能用在SELECT語句中，UPDATE和DELETE語句也是支持WITH語法的，只是需要版本支持:
http://www.oracle.com.cn/viewthread.php?tid=83530
=============================================================================
with
sql1 as (select to_char(a) s_name from test_tempa),
sql2 as (select to_char(b) s_name from test_tempb where not exists (select s_name from sql1 where rownum=1))
select * from sql1
union all
select * from sql2
union all
select 'no records' from dual
?????? where not exists (select s_name from sql1 where rownum=1)
?????? and not exists (select s_name from sql2 where rownum=1);
再舉個簡單的例子
with a as (select * from test)
select * from a;
其實就是把一大堆重復用到的SQL語句放在with as 里面，取一個別名，后面的查詢就可以用它
這樣對于大批量的SQL語句起到一個優化的作用，而且清楚明了
這是搜索到的英文文檔資料(說得比較全,但是本人英文特菜,還沒具體了解到,希望各高手具體談談這個with
as 的好處)
About Oracle WITH clause
Starting in Oracle9i release 2 we see an incorporation of the SQL-99 “WITH clause”, a tool for materializing subqueries to save Oracle from having to re-compute them multiple times.
The SQL “WITH clause” is very similar to the use of Global temporary tables (GTT), a technique that is often used to improve query speed for complex subqueries. Here are some important notes about the Oracle “WITH clause”:
?? ? The SQL “WITH clause” only works on Oracle 9i release 2 and beyond.
?? ? Formally, the “WITH clause” is called subquery factoring
?? ? The SQL “WITH clause” is used when a subquery is executed multiple times
?? ? Also useful for recursive queries (SQL-99, but not Oracle SQL)
To keep it simple, the following example only references the aggregations once, where the SQL “WITH clause” is normally used when an aggregation is referenced multiple times in a query.
We can also use the SQL-99 “WITH clause” instead of temporary tables. The Oracle SQL “WITH clause” will compute the aggregation once, give it a name, and allow us to reference it (maybe multiple times), later in the query.
The SQL-99 “WITH clause” is very confusing at first because the SQL statement does not begin with the word SELECT. Instead, we use the “WITH clause” to start our SQL query, defining the aggregations, which can then be named in the main query as if they were “real” tables:
WITH
subquery_name
AS
(the aggregation SQL statement)
SELECT
(query naming subquery_name);
Retuning to our oversimplified example, let’s replace the temporary tables with the SQL “WITH? clause”:
WITH
sum_sales AS
? select /*+ materialize */
??? sum(quantity) all_sales from stores
number_stores AS
? select /*+ materialize */
??? count(*) nbr_stores from stores
sales_by_store AS
? select /*+ materialize */
? store_name, sum(quantity) store_sales from
? store natural join sales
SELECT
?? store_name
FROM
?? store,
?? sum_sales,
?? number_stores,
?? sales_by_store
where
?? store_sales > (all_sales / nbr_stores)
;
Note the use of the Oracle undocumented “materialize” hint in the “WITH clause”. The Oracle materialize hint is used to ensure that the Oracle cost-based optimizer materializes the temporary tables that are created inside the “WITH” clause. This is not necessary in Oracle10g, but it helps ensure that the tables are only created one time.
It should be noted that the “WITH clause” does not yet fully-functional within Oracle SQL and it does not yet support the use of “WITH clause” replacement for “CONNECT BY” when performing recursive queries.
To see how the “WITH clause” is used in ANSI SQL-99 syntax, here is an excerpt from Jonathan Gennick’s great work “Understanding the WITH Clause” showing the use of the SQL-99 “WITH clause” to traverse a recursive bill-of-materials hierarchy
The SQL-99 “WITH clause” is very confusing at first because the SQL statement does not begin with the word SELECT. Instead, we use the “WITH clause” to start our SQL query, defining the aggregations, which can then be named in the main query as if they were “real” tables:
WITH
subquery_name
AS
(the aggregation SQL statement)
SELECT
(query naming subquery_name);
Retuning to our oversimplified example, let’s replace the temporary tables with the SQL “WITH” clause”:
總結
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