http://skydream.iteye.com/blog/437937

在上一篇文章中，討論到在對maven的機制不熟悉的情況下，為了實現自己需要的打包格式而使用maven ant task以maven + ant的方式來實現非標準打包，而現在要介紹的是maven中針對打包任務而提供的標準插件：assembly plugin。

??? 依然以上文（初學maven(4)-使用maven ant task實現非標準打包）的項目為例，要打包的程序如下：

??? demo1
??? |____lib
??? |_____demo1.jar
??? |_____*****.jar
??? |_____*****.jar
??? |____config
??? |_____*****.properties
??? |_____*****.xml
??? |____log
??? |_____*****.log
??? |____run.bat
??? |____run.sh

??? 類似的建立java項目,文件結構如下：

??? demo1
??? |____src/main/java
??? |____src/main/config
??? |____src/main/bin
??? |____src/main/resources
??? |____src/main/assemble
??? |____src/test/java
??? |____src/test/resources
??? |____target
??? |____pom.xml

??? 除開增加了src/main/assemble目錄和沒有ant的build文件外，其他內容完全一樣：其中src/main/java下放java代碼；src/main/resources下放一個*.properties文件，這個資源文件是打包到 jar中，內容打包之后不需要改變的。src/main/config下放一個標準的log4j.xml，這個是有在安裝運行前臨時修改的需要的。src /main/bin下放置可執行文件。

??? assembly plugin的使用方式比較簡單，主要有：

1. 修改pom.xml

??? pom.xml中設置如下：

<!--<br /> <br /> Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)<br /> http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/<br /> <br /> --><?build?>?
?????????<?plugins?>?
?????????????<?plugin?>?
?????????????????<?artifactId?>?maven-assembly-plugin?</?artifactId?>?
?????????????????<?configuration?>?
?????????????????????<!--??not?append?assembly?id?in?release?file?name??-->?
?????????????????????<?appendAssemblyId?>?false?</?appendAssemblyId?>?
?????????????????????<?descriptors?>?
?????????????????????????<?descriptor?>?src/main/assemble/package.xml?</?descriptor?>?
?????????????????????</?descriptors?>?
?????????????????</?configuration?>?
?????????????????<?executions?>?
?????????????????????<?execution?>?
?????????????????????????<?id?>?make-assembly?</?id?>?
?????????????????????????<?phase?>?package?</?phase?>?
?????????????????????????<?goals?>?
???? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???<?goal?>?single?</?goal?>?
?????????????????????????</?goals?>?
?????????????????????</?execution?>?
?????????????????</?executions?>?
?????????????</?plugin?>?
?????????</?plugins?>?
?????</?build?>

??? 其中<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>的maven-assembly-plugin是這個插件的標準命名，在maven2.0.*中帶的默認版本是

??? appendAssemblyId屬性控制是否在生成的打包文件的文件名中包含assembly id。
????
??? descriptor屬性指定maven-assembly-plugin的配置文件，當然我設置的是src/main/assemble/package.xml.容許使用多個，功能強大當然用法也復雜，對于簡單情況一個足矣。

??? execution的設置是為了將maven-assembly-plugin繼承到標準的maven打包過程中，這樣在運行maven-package時就會執行maven-assembly-plugin的操作，從而實現我們需要的自定義打包。
2. assemble descriptor file

??? 我的src/main/assemble/package.xml內容如下：

<!--<br /> <br /> Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)<br /> http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/<br /> <br /> --><?assembly??xmlns?="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"??xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"?
????xsi:schemaLocation?="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0?http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-1.0.0.xsd"?>?
?????<?id?>?package?</?id?>?
?????<?formats?>?
?????????<?format?>?zip?</?format?>?
?????</?formats?>?
?????<?includeBaseDirectory?>?true?</?includeBaseDirectory?>?
?????<?fileSets?>?
?????????<?fileSet?>?
?????????????<?directory?>?src/main/bin?</?directory?>?
?????????????<?outputDirectory?>?/?</?outputDirectory?>?
?????????</?fileSet?>?
?????????<?fileSet?>?
?????????????<?directory?>?src/main/config?</?directory?>?
?????????????<?outputDirectory?>?config?</?outputDirectory?>?
?????????</?fileSet?>?
?????</?fileSets?>?
?????<?dependencySets?>?
?????????<?dependencySet?>?
?????????????<?outputDirectory?>?lib?</?outputDirectory?>?
?????????????<?scope?>?runtime?</?scope?>?
?????????</?dependencySet?>?
?????</?dependencySets?>?
</?assembly?>

????
??? 詳細的語法不介紹了，請參考官方指南，有非常詳盡的說明：Assembly Descriptor Format reference?

??? 簡單解釋一下：

??? 1) format
??? format=zip設置打包的最終文件格式為zip.
??? 支持的其他格式還有gz,tar,tar.gz,tar.bz2。

??? 2)? fileset

<!--<br /> <br /> Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)<br /> http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/<br /> <br /> -->?????<?fileSet?>?
?????????????<?directory?>?src/main/bin?</?directory?>?
?????????????<?outputDirectory?>?/?</?outputDirectory?>?
?????</?fileSet?>???

??
??? 將src/main/bin目錄下的文件打包到根目錄(/)下.

<!--<br /> <br /> Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)<br /> http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/<br /> <br /> --><?fileSet?>?
?????????????<?directory?>?src/main/config?</?directory?>?
?????????????<?outputDirectory?>?config?</?outputDirectory?>?
</?fileSet?>

??? 將src/main/config目錄下的文件打包到config下.

??? 3) dependencySets

<!--<br /> <br /> Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)<br /> http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/<br /> <br /> -->?????<?dependencySet?>?
?????????????<?outputDirectory?>?lib?</?outputDirectory?>?
?????????????<?scope?>?runtime?</?scope?>?
????</?dependencySet?>

??? 將scope為runtime的依賴包打包到lib目錄下。


??? 總結一下，pom.xml中引入maven-assembly-plugin，然后assemble descriptor file按需設置，最后在eclipse中執行Run As -> Maven package，在target目錄下就會出現***.zip文件，里面的格式和要求的完全一致。?

??? 夠簡單明了吧？感覺比使用maven ant task要輕快不少，看來maven還是很強大的，繼續學習......

===========http://blog.csdn.net/onlyqi/article/details/8194357

在IDE中安裝了maven插件之后，就可以直接運行maven package來打包了。

如果沒有在IDE中安裝插件而是單獨安裝了maven程序，則可以在命令行中直接執行mvn package來打包。

二者沒有本質區別，本文以在IDE中直接為例。

要將項目打包，有兩種選擇：生成一個jar包；或一個包含jar包，配置文件，腳本文件等等的一個zip文件(assembly)。

如果沒有在pom中顯示的指定，則會使用默認的插件(通過查看effective pom可以看到)并按默認方式打包。

我們常用maven-jar-plugin來生成jar包。如果希望生成assembly，則除了maven-jar-plugin外，再使用插件maven-assembly-plugin來生成zip包。

[html]?view plaincopy

<plugin>??

????????????????<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>??

????????????????<version>2.3.1</version>??

????????????????<executions>??

????????????????????<execution>??

????????????????????????<id>default-jar</id>??

????????????????????????<phase>package</phase>??

????????????????????????<goals>??

????????????????????????????<goal>jar</goal>??

????????????????????????</goals>??

????????????????????????<configuration>??

????????????????????????????<archive>??

????????????????????????????????<manifest>??

????????????????????????????????????<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>??

????????????????????????????????????<mainClass>com.thomsonreuters.PALFullExtractor.ExtractorMain</mainClass>??

????????????????????????????????</manifest>??

????????????????????????????</archive>??

????????????????????????</configuration>??

????????????????????</execution>??

????????????????</executions>??

????????????</plugin>??

在上例中，指定mainClass將在manifest文件中加入mainclass，這樣jar就可以直接運行了。

[html]?view plaincopy

<plugin>??

????????????????<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>??

????????????????<version>2.2</version>??

????????????????<executions>??

????????????????????<execution>??

????????????????????????<id>make-assembly</id>??

????????????????????????<phase>package</phase>??

????????????????????????<goals>??

????????????????????????????<goal>single</goal>??

????????????????????????</goals>??

????????????????????????<configuration>??

????????????????????????????<archive>??

????????????????????????????????<manifest>??

????????????????????????????????????<mainClass>com.thomsonreuters.PALFullExtractor.ExtractorMain</mainClass>??

????????????????????????????????</manifest>??

????????????????????????????</archive>??

????????????????????????????<descriptorRefs>??

????????????????????????????????<descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>??

????????????????????????????</descriptorRefs>??

????????????????????????????<descriptors>??

????????????????????????????????<descriptor>D:\projectname\src\main\assembly/assembly.xml</descriptor>??

????????????????????????????</descriptors>??

????????????????????????</configuration>??

????????????????????</execution>??

????????????????</executions>??

????????????</plugin>??

注意其中2點：

1，descriptorRef -- jar-with-dependencies 就是將程序依賴的所有第三方類庫都打入jar包，這樣就不需要在運行時指定class-path了。

2，descriptor -- 指定assembly文件所在的位置。我們還需要創建一個assembly.xml來詳細說明package的目錄結構和內容。

assembly.xml文件的示例：

[html]?view plaincopy

<assembly>??

????<id>package</id>??

????<formats>??

????????<format>zip</format>??

????</formats>??

????<includeBaseDirectory>false</includeBaseDirectory>??

????<fileSets>??

????????<fileSet>??

????????????<directory>src/main/resources/config</directory>??

????????????<outputDirectory>config</outputDirectory>???

<!--將項目中src/main/resources/config下的內容放入packaeg的第一級config目錄中-->??

????????????<includes>??

????????????????<include>*.xsd</include>??

????????????????<include>*.dtd</include>??

????????????????<include>*.xml</include>??

????????????????<include>*.properties</include>??

????????????????<include>*.key</include>??

????????????</includes>??

????????????<lineEnding>lf</lineEnding>??

????????</fileSet>??

????????<fileSet>??

????????????<directory>src/main/resources/script</directory>??

????????????<outputDirectory></outputDirectory>??

??

<!--將項目中src/main/resources/script下的內容放入packaeg中-->??

??

????????????<includes>???

????????????????<include>*.ksh</include>???

????????????????<include>*.cmd</include>???

????????????</includes>???

????????????<lineEnding>lf</lineEnding>???

????????</fileSet>???

????</fileSets>??

????<dependencySets>???

????????<dependencySet>??

????????????<outputDirectory>lib</outputDirectory>??

????????</dependencySet>???

????</dependencySets>??

</assembly>??

這樣打好的package名叫例如：project-1_0.zip中解壓后就會得到腳本文件以及另外兩個目錄config(包含配置文件)，和lib目錄(包含所有依賴的第三方類庫和projectName.jar)

我們還可以在assembly按需要構建更復雜的package結構。

從maven-jar-plugin和maven-assembly-plugin的pom文件可以看到它們都指定了：<phase>package</phase>

這會導致運行mvn package命令時運行這兩個插件。

直接搜索這兩個插件的名字可以找到maven官網中隊插件更詳細的介紹。

總結

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