hard

These words all describe sth that is not easy and requires a lot of effort or skill to do. 以上各詞均形容事情困難、費(fèi)力、難做。

adj. 【不規(guī)則形式】 harder, hardest 堅(jiān)固；堅(jiān)硬 solid/stiff1 堅(jiān)固的；堅(jiān)硬的；結(jié)實(shí)的 solid, firm or stiff and difficult to bend or breakWait for the concrete to go hard.等待混凝土凝結(jié)。a hard mattress硬床墊Diamonds are the hardest known mineral.鉆石是已知的最堅(jiān)硬的礦石。反義詞： soft 不易 difficult2 ~ (for sb) (to do sth)難做的；難懂的；難以回答的 difficult to do, understand or answera hard choice/question為難的選擇；難以回答的問題It is hard to believe that she's only nine.很難相信她只有九歲。It's hard to see how they can lose.很難理解他們怎么會輸。‘When will the job be finished?’ ‘It's hard to say (= it is difficult to be certain) .’“什么時候能完成這項(xiàng)工作？”“難說。”I find his attitude very hard to take (= difficult to accept) .他的態(tài)度讓我難以接受。It's hard for old people to change their ways.老年人難以改變他們的習(xí)慣。It must be hard for her, bringing up four children on her own.她一個人撫養(yǎng)四個孩子一定很艱難。We're finding reliable staff hard to come by (= difficult to get) .我們覺得難以找到可靠的職員。反義詞： easy 3 困苦的；艱苦的；艱難的 full of difficulty and problems, especially because of a lack of money同義詞： tough Times were hard at the end of the war.戰(zhàn)爭后期生活很艱苦。She's had a hard life.她一生艱苦。反義詞： easy 費(fèi)力；用力 needing/using effort4 耗費(fèi)體力（或腦力）的；辛苦的 needing or using a lot of physical strength or mental effortIt's hard work shovelling snow.鏟雪是個苦活兒。I've had a long hard day.我這一天是又長又累。note at difficult 5 (of people 人) 努力的；勤勞的 putting a lot of effort or energy into an activityShe's a very hard worker.她工作很賣力。He's hard at work on a new novel.他正努力忙著寫一本新小說。When I left they were all still hard at it (= working hard) .我離開的時候他們都還在努力工作。note at difficult 6 用力的；猛烈的 done with a lot of strength or forceHe gave the door a good hard kick.他狠狠踢了一下門。a hard punch砰的一拳缺乏同情心 without sympathy7 冷酷無情的；硬心腸的；苛刻的 showing no sympathy or affectionMy father was a hard man.我父親是個不講情面的人。She gave me a hard stare.她狠狠地看了我一眼。He said some very hard things to me.他對我說了些很不近人情的話。不畏懼 not afraid8 (informal) (of people 人) 準(zhǔn)備戰(zhàn)斗的；不軟弱退縮的 ready to fight and showing no signs of fear or weaknessCome and get me if you think you're hard enough.你要是覺得自己有種，就沖著我來吧。You think you're really hard, don't you?你是不是以為自己真的很勇猛？事實(shí)；證據(jù) facts/evidence9 [only before noun] 確鑿的；可證實(shí)的；可靠的 definitely true and based on information that can be provedIs there any hard evidence either way?不管正反，有什么確鑿證據(jù)嗎？The newspaper story is based on hard facts .報紙的這篇報道有可靠的事實(shí)根據(jù)。天氣 weather10 寒冷的；凜冽的 very cold and severeIt had been a hard winter .那年冬天特別冷。There was a hard frost that night.那天晚上寒冷多霜。compare mild(2) 飲料 drink11 [only before noun] 酒精濃度高的；烈性的 strongly alcoholichard liquor 烈酒(informal) a drop of the hard stuff (= a strong alcoholic drink) 少許烈酒compare soft drink 水 water12 硬的（含鈣及鎂鹽較多） containing calcium and other mineral salts that make mixing with soap difficulta hard water area硬水區(qū)Our water is very hard.我們的水很硬。反義詞： soft 輔音 consonants13 (phonetics 語音) 硬音的（如字母c或g在cat或go等詞中的發(fā)音） used to describe a letter c or g when pronounced as in ‘cat’ or ‘go’, rather than as in ‘city’ or ‘giant’反義詞： soft be hard on sb/sth1 嚴(yán)厲對待，嚴(yán)格批評（某人 / 某事） to treat or criticize sb in a very severe or strict wayDon't be too hard on him─he's very young.別對他太苛刻了——他還很小呢。2 使…為難；對…不公平 to be difficult for or unfair to sb/sthIt's hard on people who don't have a car.對于沒有車的人來說，這不公平。3 可能損傷，可能損壞（某物） to be likely to hurt or damage sthLooking at a computer screen all day can be very hard on the eyes.成天盯著計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕可能會對眼睛造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。drive/strike a hard bargain狠狠地殺價 to argue in an aggressive way and force sb to agree on the best possible price or arrangementgive sb a hard time給某人找茬兒；使某人不好過 to deliberately make a situation difficult and unpleasant for sbThey really gave me a hard time at the interview.面試時他們確實(shí)是在難為我。hard and fast(especially after a negative 尤用于否定詞后) 板上釘釘；不容更改 that cannot be changed in any circumstancesThere are no hard and fast rules about this.這事沒有什么硬性的規(guī)定。(as) hard as nails冷酷無情；鐵石心腸；毫無懼色 showing no sympathy, kindness or fearhard cheese(BrE, informal) （常作反話）太不幸了，真夠倒霉 used as a way of saying that you are sorry about sth, usually ironically (= you really mean the opposite)hard going難懂；費(fèi)力 difficult to understand or needing a lot of effortI'm finding his latest novel very hard going.我覺得他最近的這部小說很晦澀。hard luck/lines(BrE) （表示惋惜）真遺憾，太不幸了 used to tell sb that you feel sorry for them‘Failed again, I'm afraid.’ ‘Oh, hard luck.’“恐怕我又失敗了。”“哦，太不幸了。”the hard way通過痛苦的經(jīng)歷；通過出錯 by having an unpleasant experience or by making mistakesShe won't listen to my advice so she'll just have to learn the hard way .她不肯聽我的忠告，所以只好吃了苦頭才知道厲害。make hard work of sth在某事上耗費(fèi)過多時間（或精力）；費(fèi)冤枉力 to use more time or energy on a task than is necessaryno hard feelings（向爭論或打敗的對方表示繼續(xù)友好）別往心里去，別記恨 used to tell sb you have been arguing with or have beaten in a contest that you would still like to be friendly with themIt looks like I'm the winner again. No hard feelings, Dave, eh?看來我又贏了。你不會不高興吧，戴夫？play hard to get(informal) 故作姿態(tài)；故意擺譜；佯裝拿架子 to make yourself seem more attractive or interesting by not immediately accepting an invitation to do sthtoo much like hard work太費(fèi)力 needing too much effortI can't be bothered making a hot meal─it's too much like hard work.我懶得做熱飯熱菜——太麻煩了。a hard/tough act to follow令人望塵莫及的人 a person who is so good or successful at sth that it will be difficult for anyone else coming after them to be as good or successfulhave a (hard/difficult) job doing/to do sth干某事很困難（或很吃力、很費(fèi)力） to have difficulty doing sthYou'll have a job convincing them that you're right.要讓他們信服你是對的還要費(fèi)點(diǎn)勁。He had a hard job to make himself heard.他好不容易才使別人聽見他的聲音。a hard/tough nut (to crack)棘手的問題；不好對付的情形 a difficult problem or situation to deal with(caught/stuck) between a rock and a hard place進(jìn)退兩難；左右為難 in a situation where you have to choose between two things, both of which are unpleasant

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