CMake基础 第1节 初识CMake
介紹#
本節展示一個非常基本的hello world的例子。
本節中的文件如下:
A-hello-cmake$ tree . ├── CMakeLists.txt ├── main.cpp-
[CMakeLists.txt] - 包含你希望運行的 CMake 命令
# Set the minimum version of CMake that can be used # To find the cmake version run # $ cmake --version cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)# Set the project name project (hello_cmake)# Add an executable add_executable(hello_cmake main.cpp) -
[main.cpp-]一個簡單的"Hello World"的C++文件。
#include <iostream>int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {std::cout << "Hello CMake!" << std::endl;return 0; }
概念#
CMakeLists.txt#
CMakeLists.txt是存儲所有CMake命令的文件。當cmake在文件夾中運行時,它將查找此文件,如果不存在,cmake 將因錯誤退出。
最小 CMake 版本#
使用 CMake 創建項目時,你可以指定支持的最低版本的 CMake。
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)項目#
一個CMake構建文件可以包括一個項目名稱,以便在使用多個項目時更容易引用某些變量。
project (hello_cmake)創建可執行文件#
add_executable()命令規定,應從指定的源文件構建可執行文件,在此示例中是main.cpp。add_executable()函數的第一個參數是要構建的可執行文件的名稱,第二個參數是要編譯的源文件列表。
add_executable(hello_cmake main.cpp) cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6) project (hello_cmake) add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp)二進制目錄#
運行cmake命令的根文件夾或頂級文件夾稱為CMAKE_BINARY_DIR,是所有二進制文件的根文件夾。CMake既支持就地構建和生成二進制文件,也支持在源代碼外構建和生成二進制文件。
就地構建#
就地構建將會在與源代碼相同的目錄結構中生成所有臨時文件。這意味著所有的Makefile和目標文件都散布在你的普通代碼中。要創建就地構建目標,請在根目錄中運行cmake命令。例如:
A-hello-cmake$ cmake . -- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4 -- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4 -- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works -- Detecting C compiler ABI info -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done -- Configuring done -- Generating done -- Build files have been written to: /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/A-hello-cmakeA-hello-cmake$ tree . ├── CMakeCache.txt ├── CMakeFiles │ ├── 2.8.12.2 │ │ ├── CMakeCCompiler.cmake │ │ ├── CMakeCXXCompiler.cmake │ │ ├── CMakeDetermineCompilerABI_C.bin │ │ ├── CMakeDetermineCompilerABI_CXX.bin │ │ ├── CMakeSystem.cmake │ │ ├── CompilerIdC │ │ │ ├── a.out │ │ │ └── CMakeCCompilerId.c │ │ └── CompilerIdCXX │ │ ├── a.out │ │ └── CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp │ ├── cmake.check_cache │ ├── CMakeDirectoryInformation.cmake │ ├── CMakeOutput.log │ ├── CMakeTmp │ ├── hello_cmake.dir │ │ ├── build.make │ │ ├── cmake_clean.cmake │ │ ├── DependInfo.cmake │ │ ├── depend.make │ │ ├── flags.make │ │ ├── link.txt │ │ └── progress.make │ ├── Makefile2 │ ├── Makefile.cmake │ ├── progress.marks │ └── TargetDirectories.txt ├── cmake_install.cmake ├── CMakeLists.txt ├── main.cpp ├── Makefile源外構建#
使用源外構建,你可以創建單個生成文件夾,該文件夾可以位于文件系統的任何位置。所有臨時構建的目標文件都位于此目錄中,以保持源碼目錄結構的整潔。要進行源外構建,請運行build文件夾中的cmake命令,并將其指向根CMakeLists.txt文件所在的目錄。使用源外構建時,如果你想從頭開始重新創建cmake環境,只需刪除構建目錄,然后重新運行cmake。
舉個例子:
A-hello-cmake$ mkdir buildA-hello-cmake$ cd build/A-hello-cmake/build$ make .. make: Nothing to be done for `..'. matrim@freyr:~/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/A-hello-cmake/build$ cmake .. -- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4 -- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4 -- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works -- Detecting C compiler ABI info -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done -- Configuring done -- Generating done -- Build files have been written to: /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/A-hello-cmake/buildA-hello-cmake/build$ cd ..A-hello-cmake$ tree . ├── build │ ├── CMakeCache.txt │ ├── CMakeFiles │ │ ├── 2.8.12.2 │ │ │ ├── CMakeCCompiler.cmake │ │ │ ├── CMakeCXXCompiler.cmake │ │ │ ├── CMakeDetermineCompilerABI_C.bin │ │ │ ├── CMakeDetermineCompilerABI_CXX.bin │ │ │ ├── CMakeSystem.cmake │ │ │ ├── CompilerIdC │ │ │ │ ├── a.out │ │ │ │ └── CMakeCCompilerId.c │ │ │ └── CompilerIdCXX │ │ │ ├── a.out │ │ │ └── CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp │ │ ├── cmake.check_cache │ │ ├── CMakeDirectoryInformation.cmake │ │ ├── CMakeOutput.log │ │ ├── CMakeTmp │ │ ├── hello_cmake.dir │ │ │ ├── build.make │ │ │ ├── cmake_clean.cmake │ │ │ ├── DependInfo.cmake │ │ │ ├── depend.make │ │ │ ├── flags.make │ │ │ ├── link.txt │ │ │ └── progress.make │ │ ├── Makefile2 │ │ ├── Makefile.cmake │ │ ├── progress.marks │ │ └── TargetDirectories.txt │ ├── cmake_install.cmake │ └── Makefile ├── CMakeLists.txt ├── main.cpp在本教程的所有例子中,都將使用源外構建。
構建示例#
以下是構建此示例的輸出:
$ mkdir build$ cd build$ cmake .. -- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4 -- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4 -- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works -- Detecting C compiler ABI info -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done -- Configuring done -- Generating done -- Build files have been written to: /workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/hello_cmake/build$ make Scanning dependencies of target hello_cmake [100%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/hello_cmake.dir/hello_cmake.cpp.o Linking CXX executable hello_cmake [100%] Built target hello_cmake$ ./hello_cmake Hello CMake!總結
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