重新安装mysql5.7.21_linux 安装mysql 5.7.21详解以及安装过程中所遇问题解决
在安裝過(guò)程中所遇到的問(wèn)題有：
1、my-default.cnf文件找不到
2、mysql啟動(dòng)報(bào)錯(cuò)
3、mysql臨時(shí)密碼無(wú)法登錄
安裝環(huán)境centos 6.0
下載數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)：
[root@CLanguage src]# pwd
/usr/local/src #下載文件存放路徑(個(gè)人原因，可隨意。)
[root@CLanguage src]#
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@CLanguage src]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz #解壓
[root@CLanguage src]# mv mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
#更改文件名
卸載舊版本：
[root@CLanguage src]# rpm -qa |grep mysql
mysql-5.1.47-4.el6.x86_64
mysql-libs-5.1.47-4.el6.x86_64
mysql-devel-5.1.47-4.el6.x86_64
[root@CLanguage src]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-5.1.47-4.el6.x86_64
[root@CLanguage src]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.47-4.el6.x86_64
[root@CLanguage src]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-devel-5.1.47-4.el6.x86_64
[root@CLanguage src]# rpm -qa |grep mysql
[root@CLanguage src]#
創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)目錄以及用戶和組：
[root@CLanguage src]#mkdir /data
[root@CLanguage src]#mkdir /data/mysqldata #數(shù)據(jù)存放目錄
[root@CLanguage src]#groupadd mysql #創(chuàng)建mysql組
[root@CLanguage src]#useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql -d /usr/local/src/mysql #添加mysql用戶使其shell模式為nologin(禁止登錄)，
[root@CLanguage mysql]# chown -R mysql .
[root@CLanguage mysql]# chgrp -R mysql .
[root@CLanguage mysql]#chown -R mysql /data/mysqldata
安裝前先安裝numactl組件，或者會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)：bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1
[root@CLanguage mysql]# yum -y install numactl
(可以使用本地CD yum源進(jìn)行安裝，前提是搭建好后。)
配置參數(shù):
[root@CLanguage src]# cd mysql
[root@CLanguage mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/src/mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/ #配置參數(shù)
2018-01-31T08:41:32.144065Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-01-31T08:41:34.501273Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-01-31T08:41:34.943351Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-01-31T08:41:35.016168Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 8b673fc1-0662-11e8-a70a-000c298536ba.
2018-01-31T08:41:35.021358Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2018-01-31T08:41:35.025019Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: dhaMrqAVZ5-C {最后的root@localhost：后面為臨時(shí)密碼}
--basedir=/usr/local/src/mysql #mysql文件所在目錄
--datadir=/data/mysqldata/ #數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)存放目錄
[root@CLanguage mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/data/mysqldata/
#配置參數(shù)
修改系統(tǒng)配置文件:
在support-files目錄未發(fā)現(xiàn)my-default.cnf文件,所以只能手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建了。
[root@CLanguage support-files]# vim /etc/my.cnf (創(chuàng)建my.cnf，將以下代碼復(fù)制進(jìn)去，記得下面幾個(gè)目錄需要自己手動(dòng)修改為自己定義的目錄)
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
basedir=/usr/local/src/mysql #文件存放目錄
datadir=/data/mysqldata/ #數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)存放目錄
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock #以上面socket值要一致
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
lower_case_table_names = 1
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
max_connections=5000
default-time_zone = '+8:00'
(這里參數(shù)不全，可以去其他地方拷貝一個(gè)my.cnf文件)
或者拷貝以下內(nèi)容：
[mysqld]
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES # 一般配置選項(xiàng)
basedir = /usr/local/src/mysql #需修改
datadir = /data/mysqldata #需修改
port = 3306
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
character-set-server=utf8
back_log = 300
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 50
table_open_cache = 4096
max_allowed_packet = 32M
#binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_heap_table_size = 128M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
sort_buffer_size = 16M
join_buffer_size = 16M
thread_cache_size = 16
query_cache_size = 128M
query_cache_limit = 4M
ft_min_word_len = 8
thread_stack = 512K
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
tmp_table_size = 128M
#log-bin=mysql-bin
long_query_time = 6
server_id=1
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 512M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = on
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
default-character-set=utf8
safe-updates
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 16M
sort_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer = 8M
write_buffer = 8M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[mysqld_safe]
open-files-limit = 8192
[root@CLanguage support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@CLanguage support-files]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
修改/etc/init.d/mysqld在basedir和datadir后填入文件存放路徑和數(shù)據(jù)存放路徑
啟動(dòng)mysql：
[root@CLanguage mysql]# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & #檢測(cè)
[root@CLanguage run]# /etc/init.d/mysql start (這里會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)，因?yàn)檎也坏絤ysqld文件夾，所以要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建并賦予權(quán)限。)
[root@CLanguage mysql]# cd /var/run/
[root@CLanguage run]# mkdir mysqld
[root@CLanguage run]# chown -R mysql mysqld
[root@CLanguage run]# chgrp -R mysql mysqld
[root@CLanguage run]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL... [ OK ]
登錄mysql已經(jīng)修改密碼：
如果使用bin/mysql -uroot -p無(wú)法登錄時(shí)，可以使用以下辦法進(jìn)行密碼重設(shè)：
修改/etc/my.cnf文件
在[mysqld]下面添加“skip-grant-tables”
(skip-grant-tables命令為跳過(guò)驗(yàn)證，直接登錄。個(gè)人認(rèn)為好比linux的單用戶模式，來(lái)進(jìn)行mysql的密碼修改。)
重啟mysql
在命令行中輸入bin/mysql進(jìn)行登錄(直接輸入mysql命令可能提示找不到命令。因?yàn)閜ath路徑未設(shè)定，后面添加path路徑說(shuō)明。)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> USE mysql; #選擇數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> update user set authentication_string=password('123abc') where user='root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges; #刷新權(quán)限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit;
Bye
重新登錄mysql
[root@CLanguage run]#mysql -uroot -p123abc
修改完成后，注銷my.cnf中的“skip-grant-tables”
修改環(huán)境變量：
將mysql的bin路徑添加到/etc/profile
[root@CLanguage mysql]# vim /etc/profile
添加：
export PATH=/usr/local/src/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@CLanguage mysql]# source /etc/profile
配置mysql自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)
[root@CLanguage mysql]#chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@CLanguage mysql]#chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@CLanguage mysql]#chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
在使用過(guò)程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)重啟電腦，mysql無(wú)法啟動(dòng)。報(bào)PID文件找不到，存放PID文件的路徑為：/var/run/mysqld下面，每次重啟完在/var/run/目錄中都找不到mysqld文件夾，都需要重新創(chuàng)建一次mysqld文件夾和修改文件夾的所屬用戶和組，才能正常使用。
解決方法
因?yàn)橹?var/run/mysqld 目錄每次重啟后都需要手動(dòng)去創(chuàng)建，是因?yàn)?var/run/目錄下建立文件夾是在內(nèi)存中，故每次重啟后內(nèi)存被清空導(dǎo)致/var/run/mysqld 也被清除，從而導(dǎo)致無(wú)法啟動(dòng)mysql。
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)mysqld.pid文件存放目錄，重新修改文件夾所屬用戶和組。修改my.cnf文件，找到pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid將mysqld.pid存放路徑修改到其他存放位置。具體操作如下：
重新啟動(dòng)mysql正常運(yùn)行。
總結(jié)
以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的重新安装mysql5.7.21_linux 安装mysql 5.7.21详解以及安装过程中所遇问题解决的全部?jī)?nèi)容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問(wèn)題。
- 上一篇： mysql实体_mysql实体关系
- 下一篇： php memcached mysql_