以下是MariaDB官方文檔說明，MariaDB如何安裝在已經存在MySQL實例的主機上：

https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/installing-mariadb-alongside-mysql/

但是如果是先安裝了MariaDB，然后再安裝MySQL，比如：

MariaDB的二進制程序在/opt/mysql/mariadb-10.2.8-linux-x86_64/

在/usr/local/做了一個軟鏈接，即

ln -s /opt/mysql/mariadb-10.2.8-linux-x86_64/ mysql

具體見《MariaDB安裝》的配置是一樣的。

安裝時注意

新的MySQL實例的配置文件，比如/etc/my3308.cnf，數據等文件設置在/data/mysql/mysql3308/{data,log,tmp}下。

做的軟鏈接是：

ln -s /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql5.7

初始化MySQL時，一定要指定配置文件！！

cd /usr/local/mysql5.7

./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my3308.cnf --initialize

初始化沒有報錯，但查看日志卻發現有error和多個warning，見最后。

其中有一個錯誤：

[ERROR] Can‘t read from messagefile ‘/opt/mysql/mariadb-10.2.8-linux-x86_64/share/english/errmsg.sys‘

在配置文件，加一個參數即可

[mysqld]

language = /usr/local/mysql5.7/share/english

啟動

直接使用絕對路徑的mysqld來啟動

/usr/local/mysql5.7/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my3308.cnf &

關閉

直接使用絕對路徑的mysqladmin來關閉

/usr/local/mysql5.7/bin/mysqladmin -S /data/mysql/mysql3308/tmp/mysql3308.sock -uroot -p shutdown

擴展

可以把啟動/關閉/登錄數據庫做成shell文件

啟動

echo ‘/usr/local/mysql5.7/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my3308.cnf &‘ > start.sh

chmod +x start.sh

關閉

echo ‘/usr/local/mysql5.7/bin/mysqladmin -S /data/mysql/mysql3308/tmp/mysql3308.sock -uroot -p1234567 shutdown‘ > stop.sh

chmod +x stop.sh

登錄

echo ‘/usr/local/mysql5.7/bin/mysql -S /data/mysql/mysql3308/tmp/mysql3308.sock -uroot -p1234567‘ > login.sh

chmod +x login.sh

這樣就實現了MariaDB和MySQL同一個主機上并存。

不過初始化后，錯誤日志記錄有一些警告的信息：

2017-10-25T10:39:08.325682Z 0 [Warning] The syntax ‘--language/-l‘ is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use ‘--lc-messages-dir‘ instead.

2017-10-25T10:39:08.325842Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2017-10-25T10:39:08.325937Z 0 [Warning] Using pre 5.5 semantics to load error messages from /usr/local/mysql5.7/share/english/.

2017-10-25T10:39:08.325943Z 0 [Warning] If this is not intended, refer to the documentation for valid usage of --lc-messages-dir and --language parameters.

2017-10-25T10:39:08.326404Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.326414Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.326478Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.326483Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.326547Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.326550Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.326713Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.326717Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.326784Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.326792Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.326839Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.326843Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.326895Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.326899Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327097Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327108Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327175Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327184Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327373Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327383Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327432Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327439Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327566Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327578Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327673Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327678Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327762Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327766Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327820Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327824Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327870Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327874Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327968Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.327972Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.328017Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.328021Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.328082Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.328086Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.328152Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.328156Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.328216Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.328220Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.328291Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.328296Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.328341Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import‘

2017-10-25T10:39:08.328345Z 0 [Warning] Unknown LDML tag: ‘charsets/charset/collation/rules/import/source‘

100

100

100

2017-10-25T10:39:08.912076Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790

2017-10-25T10:39:08.965834Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.

2017-10-25T10:39:09.024512Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: bb700150-b970-11e7-8e66-0050568a571f.

2017-10-25T10:39:09.025193Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table ‘mysql.gtid_executed‘ cannot be opened.

2017-10-25T10:39:09.026291Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: eiq-yO0k-

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