java thread signal_java — Thread之CountDownLatch的使用
CountDownLatch的簡(jiǎn)單使用
CountDownLatch的簡(jiǎn)單介紹：
CountDownLatch類是一個(gè)同步計(jì)數(shù)器,構(gòu)造時(shí)傳入int參數(shù),該參數(shù)就是計(jì)數(shù)器的初始值，每調(diào)用一次countDown()方法，計(jì)數(shù)器減1,計(jì)數(shù)器大于0 時(shí)，await()方法會(huì)阻塞程序繼續(xù)執(zhí)行
CountDownLatch是一個(gè)倒計(jì)數(shù)的鎖存器，當(dāng)計(jì)數(shù)減至0時(shí)觸發(fā)特定的事件。
CountDownLatch被用來(lái)同步一個(gè)或多個(gè)任務(wù)，強(qiáng)制它們等待由其他任務(wù)執(zhí)行的一組操作完成。你可以向CountDownLatch對(duì)象設(shè)置一個(gè)初始計(jì)數(shù)值，任何在這個(gè)對(duì)象上調(diào)用wait()方法都將阻塞，直至這個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)值達(dá)到0。其他任務(wù)在結(jié)束工作時(shí)，可以在該對(duì)象上調(diào)用湊你countDown()來(lái)減小這個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)值。CountDownLatch被設(shè)計(jì)為只觸發(fā)一次，計(jì)數(shù)值不能被重置。如果你需要能夠重置計(jì)數(shù)值的版本，則可以使用CyclicBarrier。
以下是jdk文檔上的兩個(gè)例子，我們可以學(xué)習(xí)一下。
一、開始信號(hào)，阻止任何工人進(jìn)行，直到司機(jī)準(zhǔn)備好他們繼續(xù)進(jìn)行
package com.linux.huhx.concurreny;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Driver1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CountDownLatch startSignal = new CountDownLatch(1);
CountDownLatch doneSignal = new CountDownLatch(5);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) // create and start threads
new Thread(new TaskWorker(startSignal, doneSignal)).start();
System.out.println("countDown before."); // don't let run yet
startSignal.countDown(); // let all threads proceed
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("await before");
/**
* 1、由于doneSignal里面的初始count=5，所以主線程在此會(huì)阻塞。
* 2、當(dāng)所有的子線程執(zhí)行完(doneSignal.countDown())之后，此時(shí)的count=0。所以后面代碼可以繼續(xù)執(zhí)行。
*/
doneSignal.await();
System.out.println("await after");
}
private static class TaskWorker implements Runnable {
private final CountDownLatch startSignal;
private final CountDownLatch doneSignal;
public TaskWorker(CountDownLatch startSignal, CountDownLatch doneSignal) {
this.startSignal = startSignal;
this.doneSignal = doneSignal;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
/**
* 1、剛進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，由于startSignal的count=1。所以await()方法阻塞于此。
* 2、當(dāng)主線程執(zhí)行了startSignal.countDown();此時(shí)的startSignal的count=0。所以子線程可以正常運(yùn)行。
*/
startSignal.await();
doSomeWork();
doneSignal.countDown();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void doSomeWork() {
System.out.println("in run method: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
}
執(zhí)行的結(jié)果如下：子線程的執(zhí)行順序不固定
countDown before.
in run method: Thread-0
in run method: Thread-1
in run method: Thread-2
in run method: Thread-4
in run method: Thread-3
await before
await after
調(diào)用countDown()的任務(wù)在產(chǎn)生這個(gè)調(diào)用時(shí)并沒(méi)有阻塞，只有對(duì)await()的調(diào)用會(huì)被阻塞，直至計(jì)數(shù)值到達(dá)0。
二、完成信號(hào)，允許司機(jī)等到所有工人完成為止
package com.linux.huhx.concurreny;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class Driver2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CountDownLatch doneSignal = new CountDownLatch(5);
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) // create and start threads
service.execute(new WorkerRunnable(doneSignal, i));
System.out.println("await before");
doneSignal.await();
System.out.println("await after");
service.shutdown();
}
private static class WorkerRunnable implements Runnable {
private final CountDownLatch doneSignal;
private final int i;
public WorkerRunnable(CountDownLatch doneSignal, int i) {
this.doneSignal = doneSignal;
this.i = i;
}
@Override
public void run() {
doWork(i);
try {
Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(1000));
doneSignal.countDown();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void doWork(int i) {
System.out.println("in run method: " + i + " " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
}
運(yùn)行的結(jié)果如下：子線程的執(zhí)行順序不固定
await before
in run method: 0 pool-1-thread-1
in run method: 2 pool-1-thread-3
in run method: 1 pool-1-thread-2
in run method: 3 pool-1-thread-1
in run method: 4 pool-1-thread-2
await after
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