學習新技能

Lately I've been trying to analyze how long it takes me to learn a new skill. During the process I came across a widely touted theory, highlighted in a 1993 psychology paper and popularized by Malcolm Gladwell’s book Outliers. It says that anyone can master a skill with 10,000 hours of practice.

最近，我一直在嘗試分析學習新技能需要多長時間。 在此過程中，我遇到了一個廣受吹捧的理論，該理論在1993年的心理學論文中得到了強調，并被Malcolm Gladwell的書Outliers推廣。 它說任何人都可以通過10,000個小時的練習來掌握一項技能。

What?! 10,000 hours? That's equivalent to five years of practice. But many of us have learned something that didn't take us close to that long, right? And in fact, other studies have actually proved Malcolm Gladwell's theory wrong.

什么？！ 10,000小時？ 這相當于五年的實踐。 但是我們中的許多人學到了一些東西，這些東西并沒有使我們走那么久，對嗎？ 實際上，其他研究實際上證明了馬爾科姆·格拉德威爾的理論是錯誤的。

What we need is the right way and the right approach to learning anything we want to learn. These four techniques that I'll discuss here will help you acquire any skill.

我們需要的是正確的方法和正確的方法來學習我們想要學習的任何東西。 我將在這里討論的這四種技術將幫助您掌握任何技能。

解構技能 (Deconstruct the skill)

The first thing to do is to deconstruct the skill you want to learn. Decide exactly what you want to be able to do when you are done, and then look into the skill and break it down into smaller and smaller pieces.

首先要做的是解構您想學習的技能。 準確確定完成后想要做的事情，然后研究該技能并將其分解為越來越小的部分。

Most of the things we think of as skills are actually a big bundle of skills that require us to do a lot of different things. The more you can break apart the skill the more you can decide exactly which parts of the skill will help you get to exactly what you want. Then you can practice those bits first.

實際上，我們認為技能中的大多數東西都是一大堆技能，需要我們做很多不同的事情。 您越能分解技能，就越能準確地決定技能的哪些部分將幫助您準確地獲得所需的知識。 然后，您可以先練習這些位。

If you practice the most important things first, you will be able to improve your performance the fastest.

如果您首先練習最重要的事情，則將能夠最快地提高性能。

學習足夠自我糾正 (Learn Enough to Self Correct)

Get a few resources on what exactly you want to learn. It could be books, videos or some online courses – but don't use them to procrastinate. You don't need to get 10 books on programming and then say "when I am done with these books on programming I will start practicing." That's procrastination.

獲得一些您想確切學習的資源。 它可能是書籍，視頻或一些在線課程，但不要用它們拖延。 您不需要拿10本編程書籍，而是說：“當我讀完這些有關編程的書籍后，我便會開始練習。” 那太拖延了。

And it won't be too funny when, after reading those resources without practicing, you see that you don't actually know anything.

當您在不做任何練習的情況下閱讀了這些資源后，發現您實際上并不了解任何內容時，這并不會太有趣。

What you need to do instead is learn enough to self correct. Learning becomes better when you know when you have made a mistake so that you can do something different.

相反，您需要做的是學習足夠的知識以自我糾正。 當您知道自己犯了錯誤時，學習就會變得更好，以便您可以做一些別的事情。

This is simply to say, you should learn by doing. You wouldn't say you are learning when you aren't doing anything. The real learning comes when you try to do or practice whatever you are learning. The more you do, the more you learn and the more you discover other things to learn.

這只是說，你應該邊做邊學。 您什么也不做就不會說正在學習。 真正的學習來自于您嘗試去做或練習所學的東西。 您做的越多，學到的東西就越多，發現其他要學習的東西也就越多。

合作學習 (Learn by Collaborating)

Another way of learning is by collaborating. You learn more when you collaborate with people. By collaborating, you get to learn different ways or steps to complete a problem, and you can solve that problem quickly.

另一種學習方式是通過合作。 與人合作時，您會學到更多。 通過協作，您可以學習解決問題的不同方法或步驟，并且可以快速解決該問題。

Personally, I really learnt a lot by collaborating with people of like minds and that are advanced in the skill I am learning. It's a good way to learn fast and get to know some techniques you wouldn't find on your own. In the course of collaborating with people, you tend to teach what you know and learn what you don't know.

就個人而言，通過與志同道合且在我所學技能方面很先進的人的協作，我確實學到了很多東西。 這是一種快速學習并了解一些自己無法找到的技術的好方法。 在與人合作的過程中，您傾向于教您所知道的知識，并學習您所不知道的知識。

Collaboration is most effective when you collaborate with people in the same field of the skill you are trying to learn. It also helps to work with people you know are very good in that skill. The more you collaborate, the more you'll know about what you think you know.

當您與嘗試學習的技能相同領域的人進行協作時，協作最有效。 它也有助于與您知道該技能非常好的人一起工作。 您合作的次數越多，您對自己認為的知識就會越了解。

休息一下 (Take Breaks)

It's important to rest when you need a break. It actually makes you more productive than working while you are tired or weak.

需要休息時休息很重要。 實際上，與勞累或虛弱時相比，它可以使工作效率更高。

Conclusively, with other studies that proved the 10,000 hour rule wrong, I agree with Josh Kaufman's theory.

最后，在其他研究中證明10,000小時規則是錯誤的時，我同意喬什·考夫曼的理論。

The first 20 hours you use on a skill makes you good to a reasonable extent - Josh Kaufman 技能使用的前20個小時可以使您在一定程度上達到良好狀態-Josh Kaufman

Using the above techniques I have mentioned, along with spending 20 hours practicing a skill, you can get reasonably good. You can also read up on some other tips on learning a new skill here.

使用上面提到的技巧，再花20個小時練習一項技巧，您可以獲得相當不錯的成績。 您還可以在此處閱讀有關學習新技能的其他一些技巧。

I hope you pick up that skill you have always wanted to learn and start mastering it now.

我希望您掌握了一直想學習的技能，現在就開始掌握它。

翻譯自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-learn-a-new-skill/

學習新技能

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