13.1 設置更改root密碼

• 更改環境變量PATH ，增加mysql絕對路徑
  首次直接使用mysql會提示‘該命令不存在’，原因是還沒有將該命令加入環境變量，如果要使用該命令，需要使用其絕對路徑：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql，為了方便，先將其加入系統環境變量：

[root@taoyuan ~]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/

mysql命令路徑暫時加入環境變量，系統重啟后該變量會失效，若要永久生效，需要將其加入環境變量配置文件：

vi /etc/profile#在配置文件最后 把上面的命令加#執行source命令生效 [root@taoyuan ~]# source /etc/profile

• 首次登陸

[root@taoyuan ~]# mysql -uroot

注： -p=passwd，使用密碼登錄，在此可以將密碼直接輸入在命令行（跟在-p后面，不加空格：-p'123456'<此處單引號可以不加，但是當密碼中有特殊符號時必須加，所以在命令行輸入密碼時養成習慣：加單引號>），也可以不在命令行輸入，只跟-p選項，然后根據提示信息：“Enter password”，輸入密碼進行登錄（此方法不會暴露用戶密碼，安全）。

• 設置mysql 的root密碼 && 更改

[root@taoyuan ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password '123456' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.[root@taoyuan ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: #輸入密碼#更改新的密碼 [root@taoyuan ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'123456' password 'taoyuan' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@taoyuan ~]# mysql -uroot -p'taoyuan' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

• 密碼重置

[root@taoyuan ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf#my.cnf 配置文件內容 [mysqld] skip-grant datadir=/data/mysql #增加skip-grant #忽略授權，意思是不用密碼登陸#重啟mysql服務 [root@taoyuan ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! #登陸mysql 修改一個表 mysql> use mysql; #切換表 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed#查看表 mysql> select * from user;#查看user表 mysql> select password from user; +-------------------------------------------+ | password | +-------------------------------------------+ | *758ABA8398EF87C993D2C4420DACD8946907C873 | | | | | | | | | | | +-------------------------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)#修改密碼 mysql> update user set password=password('Aa123456') where user='root'; Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0#quit ，把/etc/my.cnf 配置文件修改回去 ，重啟mysql服務 [root@taoyuan ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf [root@taoyuan ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@taoyuan ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Aa123456' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

注： 完成該操作之后就可以任意登錄mysql了（無需密碼），所以此時mysql安全性很差，平時配置文件中一定不要添加該參數！！

13.2 連接mysql

• 本機直接登陸

[root@taoyuan ~]# mysql -uroot -pAa123456

• 通過端口連接（TCP/IP）

[root@taoyuan ~]# mysql -uroot -pAa123456 -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 # -P 指定端口

• 使用sock的連接

[root@taoyuan ~]# mysql -uroot -pAa123456 -S/tmp/mysql.sock #適用于本機連接

• 連接mysql操作一個命令

[root@taoyuan ~]# mysql -uroot -pAa123456 -e "show databases" Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ #shell腳本使用中比較方便，可以直接獲取數據

13.3 mysql常用命令

#查詢庫 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)#切換庫 mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed#查看庫里的表 mysql> show tables;#查看字段 mysql> desc user;#查看建表語句 mysql> show create table user\G; #\G 表示：豎排顯示#查看當前用戶 mysql> select user(); +----------------+ | user() | +----------------+ | root@localhost | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)#查看當前使用的數據庫 mysql> select database(); +------------+ | database() | +------------+ | NULL | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed mysql> select database(); +------------+ | database() | +------------+ | mysql | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)#創建庫 mysql> create database db1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | db1 | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)#創建表 mysql> use db1; Database changed mysql> create table t1(`id` int(4), `name` char(40)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> show create table t1\G; *************************** 1. row ***************************Table: t1 Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (`id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,`name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR: No query specified #ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 可以自定義 #如下 mysql> drop table t1; #刪除t1表 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> create table t1(`id` int(4), `name` char(40)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show create table t1\G; *************************** 1. row ***************************Table: t1 Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (`id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,`name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR: No query specified#查看當前數據庫版本 mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.6.35 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)#查看數據庫狀態 mysql> show status;#查看各參數 mysql> show variables #指定的參數 mysql> show variables like 'max_connect%'; +--------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------+-------+ | max_connect_errors | 100 | | max_connections | 151 | +--------------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)#修改參數 mysql> set global max_connect_errors=1000; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) #只在內存中生效#查看隊列 mysql> show processlist; +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 9 | root | localhost | db1 | Query | 0 | init | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show full processlist; +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+ | 9 | root | localhost | db1 | Query | 0 | init | show full processlist | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) #full 查看完整的隊列

小常識：
敲過的命令歷史在mysql_history 文件里

轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/3622288/2060499

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