os.walk是Python的內置函數用來遍歷文件目錄樹。

[python]

import os

rootDir = 'd:\assa'

for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(rootDir):

print('Folder: %s' % dirName)

for fname in fileList:

print('t%s' % fname)

import os

rootDir = 'd:\assa'

for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(rootDir):

print('Folder: %s' % dirName)

for fname in fileList:

print('t%s' % fname)目錄結構為：

[python]

+test

+f1

2.txt

+f2

3.txt

1.txt

+test

+f1

2.txt

+f2

3.txt

1.txt輸出結果為：

[python]

Folder: d:Python Codetest

1.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf1

2.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf2

3.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetest

1.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf1

2.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf2

3.txt可以看到這是自頂向下的遍歷順序，如果我們要自底向上，先從最深處的文件開始遍歷，可以加上topdown參數：[python] view plaincopyprint?import os

rootDir = 'd:\Python Code\test'

for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(rootDir, topdown = False):

print('Folder: %s' % dirName)

for fname in fileList:

print('t%s' % fname)

import os

rootDir = 'd:\Python Code\test'

for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(rootDir, topdown = False):

print('Folder: %s' % dirName)

for fname in fileList:

print('t%s' % fname)結果：

[python]

Folder: d:Python Codetestf1

2.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf2

3.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetest

1.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf1

2.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf2

3.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetest

1.txt如果想要在搜索的時候加上條件？比如跳過第一個文件夾，os.walk也可以做到：[python] view plaincopyprint?import os

rootDir = 'd:\Python Code\test'

for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(rootDir):

print('Folder: %s' % dirName)

for fname in fileList:

print('t%s' % fname)

if len(subdirList) > 0:

del subdirList[0]

import os

rootDir = 'd:\Python Code\test'

for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(rootDir):

print('Folder: %s' % dirName)

for fname in fileList:

print('t%s' % fname)

if len(subdirList) > 0:

del subdirList[0]結果：

[python]

Folder: d:Python Codetest

1.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf2

3.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetest

1.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf2

3.txt有的同學卻不能得到正確的結果，我們可以看看如下代碼：

[python]

import os

rootDir = 'd:\Python Code\test'

for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(rootDir):

print('Folder: %s' % dirName)

for fname in fileList:

print('t%s' % fname)

if len(subdirList) > 0:

subdirList = subdirList[1:]

import os

rootDir = 'd:\Python Code\test'

for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(rootDir):

print('Folder: %s' % dirName)

for fname in fileList:

print('t%s' % fname)

if len(subdirList) > 0:

subdirList = subdirList[1:]

結果：

[python]

Folder: d:Python Codetest

1.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf1

2.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf2

3.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetest

1.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf1

2.txt

Folder: d:Python Codetestf2

3.txt

看起來和之前的版本相似，但是卻不能得到期望的結果。這是因為我們沒有就地改變subdirList的值：

[python]

>> a=[1,2,3]

>>> id(a)

34006600

>>> del a[0]

>>> id(a)

34006600

>>> a = a[1:]

>>> id(a)

34006024

>>> a=[1,2,3]

>>> id(a)

34006600

>>> del a[0]

>>> id(a)

34006600

>>> a = a[1:]

>>> id(a)

34006024

總結

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