一、Java Web——JDBC快速入门(详解)
今日內(nèi)容
1. JDBC基本概念 2. 快速入門 3. 對JDBC中各個接口和類詳解JDBC:
概念:Java DataBase Connectivity Java 數(shù)據(jù)庫連接, Java語言操作數(shù)據(jù)庫
* JDBC本質(zhì):其實是官方(sun公司)定義的一套操作所有關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫的規(guī)則,即接口。各個數(shù)據(jù)庫廠商去實現(xiàn)這套接口,提供數(shù)據(jù)庫驅(qū)動jar包。我們可以使用這套接口(JDBC)編程,真正執(zhí)行的代碼是驅(qū)動jar包中的實現(xiàn)類。
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步驟:
- 導(dǎo)入驅(qū)動jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar
1.復(fù)制mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar到項目的libs目錄下
2.右鍵–>Add As Library - 注冊驅(qū)動
- 獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫連接對象 Connection
- 定義sql
- 獲取執(zhí)行sql語句的對象 Statement
- 執(zhí)行sql,接受返回結(jié)果
- 處理結(jié)果
- 釋放資源
代碼實現(xiàn):
//1. 導(dǎo)入驅(qū)動jar包
//2.注冊驅(qū)動
Class.forName(“com.mysql.jdbc.Driver”);
//3.獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫連接對象
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db3”, “root”, “root”);
//4.定義sql語句
String sql = “update account set balance = 500 where id = 1”;
//5.獲取執(zhí)行sql的對象 Statement
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
//6.執(zhí)行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//7.處理結(jié)果
System.out.println(count);
//8.釋放資源
stmt.close();
conn.close();
代碼演示:
package cn.itcast.jdbc;import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.Statement;public class JdbcDemo1 {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// 1. 導(dǎo)入驅(qū)動jar包// 2. 注冊驅(qū)動Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");// 3. 獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫的連接對象Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jxgl","root","root");// 4. 定義sql語句String sql = "update students set address = '北京路110號' where s_no = '122003' ";// 5. 獲取執(zhí)行sql的對象 StatementStatement statement = conn.createStatement();// 6. 執(zhí)行sqlint count = statement.executeUpdate(sql);// 7. 處理結(jié)果System.out.println(count);// 8. 釋放資源statement.close();conn.close();} } 3. 詳解各個對象:1. DriverManager:驅(qū)動管理對象* 功能:1. 注冊驅(qū)動:告訴程序該使用哪一個數(shù)據(jù)庫驅(qū)動jarstatic void registerDriver(Driver driver) :注冊與給定的驅(qū)動程序 DriverManager 。 寫代碼使用: Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");通過查看源碼發(fā)現(xiàn):在com.mysql.jdbc.Driver類中存在靜態(tài)代碼塊static {try {java.sql.DriverManager.registerDriver(new Driver());} catch (SQLException E) {throw new RuntimeException("Can't register driver!");}}注意:mysql5之后的驅(qū)動jar包可以省略注冊驅(qū)動的步驟。2. 獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫連接:* 方法:static Connection getConnection(String url, String user, String password) * 參數(shù):* url:指定連接的路徑* 語法:jdbc:mysql://ip地址(域名):端口號/數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱* 例子:jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db3* 細(xì)節(jié):如果連接的是本機(jī)mysql服務(wù)器,并且mysql服務(wù)默認(rèn)端口是3306,則url可以簡寫為:jdbc:mysql:///數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱* user:用戶名* password:密碼 2. Connection:數(shù)據(jù)庫連接對象1. 功能:1. 獲取執(zhí)行sql 的對象* Statement createStatement()* PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) 2. 管理事務(wù):* 開啟事務(wù):setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) :調(diào)用該方法設(shè)置參數(shù)為false,即開啟事務(wù)* 提交事務(wù):commit() * 回滾事務(wù):rollback() 3. Statement:執(zhí)行sql的對象1. 執(zhí)行sql1. boolean execute(String sql) :可以執(zhí)行任意的sql 了解 2. int executeUpdate(String sql) :執(zhí)行DML(insert、update、delete)語句、DDL(create,alter、drop)語句* 返回值:影響的行數(shù),可以通過這個影響的行數(shù)判斷DML語句是否執(zhí)行成功 返回值>0的則執(zhí)行成功,反之,則失敗。3. ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) :執(zhí)行DQL(select)語句2. 練習(xí):1. students表 添加一條記錄2. students表 修改記錄3. students表 刪除一條記錄代碼演示: students表 添加一條記錄
package cn.itcast.jdbc;import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement;public class JdbcDemo2 {public static void main(String[] args) {Connection conn = null;Statement stmt = null;try {// 1. 注冊驅(qū)動Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");// 2. 定義sqlString sql = "insert into students values('0001','zep','男','1999-07-14','D111','深圳路118號','135000',null)";// 3. 獲取Connection對象conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jxgl","root","root");// 4. 獲取執(zhí)行sql的對象 Statementstmt = conn.createStatement();// 5. 執(zhí)行sqlint count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql); // 返回sql代碼執(zhí)行后所影響的行數(shù)// 6. 處理結(jié)果System.out.println(count);if (count>0) {System.out.println("添加成功!");}else {System.out.println("添加失敗!");}} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}finally {// 7. 釋放資源// 為了避免空指針異常if (stmt != null) {try {stmt.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (conn != null) {try {conn.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}} }students表 修改記錄:
package cn.itcast.jdbc;import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement;public class JdbcDemo3 {public static void main(String[] args) {Connection conn = null;Statement stmt = null;try {// 1. 注冊驅(qū)動Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");// 2. 獲取連接對象conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jxgl","root","root");// 3. 定義sqlString sql = "update students set s_no = '122001' where phone = '135000' ";// 4. 獲取執(zhí)行sql的對象stmt = conn.createStatement();// 5. 執(zhí)行sqlint count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);// 6. 處理結(jié)果System.out.println(count);if (count>0) {System.out.println("修改成功!");}else {System.out.println("修改失敗");}} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}finally {// 釋放資源if (stmt != null) {try {stmt.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (conn != null) {try {conn.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}} }* boolean next(): 游標(biāo)向下移動一行,判斷當(dāng)前行是否是最后一行末尾(是否有數(shù)據(jù)),如果是,則返回false,如果不是則返回true
* getXxx(參數(shù)):獲取數(shù)據(jù)
* Xxx:代表數(shù)據(jù)類型 如: int getInt() , String getString()
* 參數(shù):
1. int:代表列的編號,從1開始 如: getString(1)
2. String:代表列名稱。 如: getDouble(“balance”)
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注意:
//循環(huán)判斷游標(biāo)是否是最后一行末尾。while(rs.next()){//獲取數(shù)據(jù)//6.2 獲取數(shù)據(jù)int id = rs.getInt(1);String name = rs.getString("name");double balance = rs.getDouble(3);System.out.println(id + "---" + name + "---" + balance);}
* 使用步驟:
1. 游標(biāo)向下移動一行
2. 判斷是否有數(shù)據(jù)
3. 獲取數(shù)據(jù) -
練習(xí):
* 定義一個方法,查詢emp表的數(shù)據(jù)將其封裝為對象,然后裝載集合,返回。
1. 定義Emp類
2. 定義方法 public List findAll(){}
3. 實現(xiàn)方法 select * from emp;
Student.java:
package cn.itcast.domain;import java.sql.Blob; import java.util.Date;/*** 封裝student表數(shù)據(jù)的JavaBean*/ public class Student {private String s_no;private String s_name;private String sex;private Date birthday;private String D_NO;private String address;private String phone;private Blob photo;public String getS_no() {return s_no;}public void setS_no(String s_no) {this.s_no = s_no;}public String getS_name() {return s_name;}public void setS_name(String s_name) {this.s_name = s_name;}public String getSex() {return sex;}public void setSex(String sex) {this.sex = sex;}public Date getBirthday() {return birthday;}public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {this.birthday = birthday;}public String getD_NO() {return D_NO;}public void setD_NO(String d_NO) {D_NO = d_NO;}public String getAddress() {return address;}public void setAddress(String address) {this.address = address;}public String getPhone() {return phone;}public void setPhone(String phone) {this.phone = phone;}public Blob getPhoto() {return photo;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Student{" +"s_no='" + s_no + '\'' +", s_name='" + s_name + '\'' +", sex='" + sex + '\'' +", birthday=" + birthday +", D_NO='" + D_NO + '\'' +", address='" + address + '\'' +", phone='" + phone + '\'' +", photo=" + photo +'}';}public void setPhoto(Blob photo) {this.photo = photo;}}JdbcDemo8.java:
package cn.itcast.jdbc;import cn.itcast.domain.Student;import java.sql.*; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List;public class JdbcDemo8 {public static void main(String[] args) {List<Student> list = new JdbcDemo8().findAll();System.out.println(list);}/*** 查詢所有Student對象* @return*/public List<Student> findAll() {Connection conn = null;Statement stmt = null;ResultSet rs = null;List<Student> list = null;try {// 1. 注冊驅(qū)動Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");// 2. 獲取連接conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jxgl","root","root");// 3. 定義sqlString sql = " select * from students ";// 4. 獲取執(zhí)行sql的對象stmt = conn.createStatement();// 5. 執(zhí)行sql語句rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);// 6. 遍歷結(jié)果集,封裝對象,裝載集合Student stu = null;list = new ArrayList<Student>();while(rs.next()) {// 獲取數(shù)據(jù)String s_no = rs.getString("s_no");String s_name = rs.getString("s_name");String sex = rs.getString("sex");Date birthday = rs.getDate("birthday");String D_NO = rs.getString("D_NO");String address = rs.getString("address");String phone = rs.getString("phone");Blob photo = rs.getBlob("photo");// 創(chuàng)建stu對象,并賦值stu = new Student();stu.setS_no(s_no);stu.setS_name(s_name);stu.setSex(sex);stu.setBirthday(birthday);stu.setD_NO(D_NO);stu.setAddress(address);stu.setPhone(phone);stu.setPhoto(photo);// 裝載集合list.add(stu);}} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}finally {if (rs != null) {try {rs.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (conn != null) {try {conn.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (stmt != null) {try {stmt.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}return list;} }運行結(jié)果:
抽取JDBC工具類 : JDBCUtils
* 目的:簡化書寫 * 分析:1. 注冊驅(qū)動也抽取2. 抽取一個方法獲取連接對象* 需求:不想傳遞參數(shù)(麻煩),還得保證工具類的通用性。* 解決:配置文件jdbc.propertiesurl=user=password=3. 抽取一個方法釋放資源* 代碼實現(xiàn):public class JDBCUtils {private static String url;private static String user;private static String password;private static String driver;/*** 文件的讀取,只需要讀取一次即可拿到這些值。使用靜態(tài)代碼塊*/static{//讀取資源文件,獲取值。try {//1. 創(chuàng)建Properties集合類。Properties pro = new Properties();//獲取src路徑下的文件的方式--->ClassLoader 類加載器ClassLoader classLoader = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader();URL res = classLoader.getResource("jdbc.properties");String path = res.getPath();System.out.println(path);///D:/IdeaProjects/itcast/out/production/day04_jdbc/jdbc.properties//2. 加載文件// pro.load(new FileReader("D:\\IdeaProjects\\itcast\\day04_jdbc\\src\\jdbc.properties"));pro.load(new FileReader(path));//3. 獲取數(shù)據(jù),賦值url = pro.getProperty("url");user = pro.getProperty("user");password = pro.getProperty("password");driver = pro.getProperty("driver");//4. 注冊驅(qū)動Class.forName(driver);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}/*** 獲取連接* @return 連接對象*/public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);}/*** 釋放資源* @param stmt* @param conn*/public static void close(Statement stmt,Connection conn){if( stmt != null){try {stmt.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if( conn != null){try {conn.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}/*** 釋放資源* @param stmt* @param conn*/public static void close(ResultSet rs,Statement stmt, Connection conn){if( rs != null){try {rs.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if( stmt != null){try {stmt.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if( conn != null){try {conn.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}* 練習(xí):* 需求:1. 通過鍵盤錄入用戶名和密碼2. 判斷用戶是否登錄成功* select * from user where username = "" and password = "";* 如果這個sql有查詢結(jié)果,則成功,反之,則失敗* 步驟:1. 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫表 userCREATE TABLE USER(id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,username VARCHAR(32),PASSWORD VARCHAR(32));INSERT INTO USER VALUES(NULL,'zhangsan','123');INSERT INTO USER VALUES(NULL,'lisi','234');2. 代碼實現(xiàn):public class JDBCDemo9 {public static void main(String[] args) {//1.鍵盤錄入,接受用戶名和密碼Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("請輸入用戶名:");String username = sc.nextLine();System.out.println("請輸入密碼:");String password = sc.nextLine();//2.調(diào)用方法boolean flag = new JDBCDemo9().login(username, password);//3.判斷結(jié)果,輸出不同語句if(flag){//登錄成功System.out.println("登錄成功!");}else{System.out.println("用戶名或密碼錯誤!");}}/*** 登錄方法*/public boolean login(String username ,String password){if(username == null || password == null){return false;}//連接數(shù)據(jù)庫判斷是否登錄成功Connection conn = null;Statement stmt = null;ResultSet rs = null;//1.獲取連接try {conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();//2.定義sqlString sql = "select * from user where username = '"+username+"' and password = '"+password+"' ";//3.獲取執(zhí)行sql的對象stmt = conn.createStatement();//4.執(zhí)行查詢rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);//5.判斷/* if(rs.next()){//如果有下一行,則返回truereturn true;}else{return false;}*/return rs.next();//如果有下一行,則返回true} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}finally {JDBCUtils.close(rs,stmt,conn);}return false;}}JDBC控制事務(wù):
1. 事務(wù):一個包含多個步驟的業(yè)務(wù)操作。如果這個業(yè)務(wù)操作被事務(wù)管理,則這多個步驟要么同時成功,要么同時失敗。 2. 操作:1. 開啟事務(wù)2. 提交事務(wù)3. 回滾事務(wù) 3. 使用Connection對象來管理事務(wù)* 開啟事務(wù):setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) :調(diào)用該方法設(shè)置參數(shù)為false,即開啟事務(wù)* 在執(zhí)行sql之前開啟事務(wù)* 提交事務(wù):commit() * 當(dāng)所有sql都執(zhí)行完提交事務(wù)* 回滾事務(wù):rollback() * 在catch中回滾事務(wù)4. 代碼:public class JDBCDemo10 {public static void main(String[] args) {Connection conn = null;PreparedStatement pstmt1 = null;PreparedStatement pstmt2 = null;try {//1.獲取連接conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();//開啟事務(wù)conn.setAutoCommit(false);//2.定義sql//2.1 張三 - 500String sql1 = "update account set balance = balance - ? where id = ?";//2.2 李四 + 500String sql2 = "update account set balance = balance + ? where id = ?";//3.獲取執(zhí)行sql對象pstmt1 = conn.prepareStatement(sql1);pstmt2 = conn.prepareStatement(sql2);//4. 設(shè)置參數(shù)pstmt1.setDouble(1,500);pstmt1.setInt(2,1);pstmt2.setDouble(1,500);pstmt2.setInt(2,2);//5.執(zhí)行sqlpstmt1.executeUpdate();// 手動制造異常int i = 3/0;pstmt2.executeUpdate();//提交事務(wù)conn.commit();} catch (Exception e) {//事務(wù)回滾try {if(conn != null) {conn.rollback();}} catch (SQLException e1) {e1.printStackTrace();}e.printStackTrace();}finally {JDBCUtils.close(pstmt1,conn);JDBCUtils.close(pstmt2,null);}}} 創(chuàng)作挑戰(zhàn)賽新人創(chuàng)作獎勵來咯,堅持創(chuàng)作打卡瓜分現(xiàn)金大獎總結(jié)
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