• 安裝pygame包，把安裝好的包copy一份到pycharm工程目錄下，不然找不到pygame包
  
  抄一遍書上的代碼：

settings.py

class Settings():def __init__(self):self.screen_width = 1200self.screen_height = 800self.bg_color = (255, 255, 255)self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5

ship.py

import pygame class Ship():def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):self.screen = screenself.ai_settings = ai_settingsself.image = pygame.image.load("images/ship.bmp")self.rect = self.image.get_rect() #圖像矩形self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect() #屏幕矩形，左上角原點，右下角如1200,800self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx #圖像x中心，在屏幕中心self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom #圖像底邊，在屏幕底邊self.center = float(self.rect.centerx) #圖像x中心坐標轉成浮點型，存在center中self.moving_right = Falseself.moving_left = Falsedef update(self):if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right: #限制位置在屏幕內self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factorif self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factorself.rect.centerx = self.centerdef blitme(self):self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect) #blit實現動畫效果

game_functions.py

import sys import pygame def check_keydown_events(event, ship): #檢測鍵盤按下事件if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:ship.moving_right = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:ship.moving_left = Truedef check_keyup_events(event, ship): #檢測鍵盤松開事件if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:ship.moving_right = Falseelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:ship.moving_left = Falsedef check_events(ship):for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT: #退出事件sys.exit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: #鍵盤按下事件check_keydown_events(event, ship)elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP: #鍵盤松開事件check_keyup_events(event, ship)def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship):screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color) #屏幕填充背景色ship.blitme() #ship的動畫效果pygame.display.flip() #讓動畫盡可能流暢

alien_invasion.py

import sys import pygame from settings import Settings from ship import Ship import game_functions as gf def run_game():pygame.init()ai_settings = Settings() #創建游戲設置screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width, ai_settings.screen_height))pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion") #設置標題ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen) #創建游戲對象while True:gf.check_events(ship) #檢測事件ship.update() #更新ship位置gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship) #刷新屏幕run_game()

練習題：
1.火箭上下左右移動

2.創建一個程序，顯示一個空屏幕。在事件循環中，每當檢測到 pygame.KEYDOWN 事件時都打印屬性event.key。運行這個程序，并按各種鍵，看看Pygame如何響應

import pygame import sys def check_events(screen):for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT: #退出事件sys.exit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: #鍵盤按下事件while True:font = pygame.font.SysFont("宋體", 80) #設置字體font_surface = font.render(str(event.key), True, (0, 0, 0), (255, 255, 255)) #渲染內容為面pygame.image.save(font_surface, "text.bmp") #面保存成圖片image = pygame.image.load("text.bmp") #獲取圖片image_rect = image.get_rect() #獲取圖片的矩形image_rect.centerx = 200 #設置圖片矩形位置image_rect.centery = 150screen.blit(image, image_rect) #屏幕呈現該圖片pygame.display.flip() #屏幕刷新顯示出來if pygame.event.poll().type == pygame.KEYUP: #鍵盤松開break #退出 def run_game():pygame.init()pygame.font.init()screen = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))pygame.display.set_caption("測試按鍵......") #設置標題while True:screen.fill((255, 255, 255)) # 屏幕填充背景色pygame.display.flip() #刷新屏幕check_events(screen) #檢測事件run_game()

添加子彈模塊后的代碼
settings.py

class Settings():def __init__(self):self.screen_width = 1200self.screen_height = 800self.bg_color = (255, 255, 255)self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5 #飛船速度self.bullet_speed_factor = 1 #子彈速度self.bullet_width = 3 #子彈寬高self.bullet_height = 15self.bullet_color = 60, 60, 60 #子彈顏色self.bullets_allowed = 2 #屏幕中允許的子彈數量

ship.py 不變
bullet.py

import pygame from pygame.sprite import Spriteclass Bullet(Sprite):def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, ship):super().__init__()self.screen = screenself.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, ai_settings.bullet_width,ai_settings.bullet_height) #繪制子彈的矩形self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx #子彈x與飛船相同self.rect.top = ship.rect.top #子彈從飛船頂部起飛self.y = float(self.rect.y) # y存一份浮點的，可以精調位置self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color #子彈顏色self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor #子彈速度def update(self):self.y -= self.speed_factor #位置更新self.rect.y = self.y #浮點y位置付給矩形圖形def draw_bullet(self):pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect) #把子彈矩形畫到屏幕上

game_functions.py

import sys import pygame from bullet import Bullet def fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets): #發射子彈if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed: #子彈沒超數量new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship) #生成新子彈bullets.add(new_bullet) #新子彈加入組 def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets): #檢測鍵盤按下事件if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:ship.moving_right = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:ship.moving_left = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE: #按下空格鍵，發射子彈fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)def check_keyup_events(event, ship): #檢測鍵盤松開事件if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:ship.moving_right = Falseelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:ship.moving_left = Falsedef check_events(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT: #退出事件sys.exit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: #鍵盤按下事件check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP: #鍵盤松開事件check_keyup_events(event, ship)def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color) #屏幕填充背景色for bullet in bullets.sprites(): #把每個子彈畫在屏幕上bullet.draw_bullet()ship.blitme() #ship的動畫效果pygame.display.flip() #刷新，讓動畫盡可能流暢def update_bullets(bullets):bullets.update() #更新子彈位置for bullet in bullets.copy(): #刪除飛出屏幕的子彈if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:bullets.remove(bullet)

alien_invasion.py

import sys import pygame from settings import Settings from ship import Ship import game_functions as gf from pygame.sprite import Group def run_game():pygame.init()ai_settings = Settings() #創建游戲設置screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width, ai_settings.screen_height))pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion") #設置標題ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen) #創建游戲飛船對象bullets = Group() #創建子彈組while True:gf.check_events(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets) #檢測事件ship.update() #更新ship位置gf.update_bullets(bullets) #更新子彈位置，刪除飛出去的子彈# print(len(bullets)) #調試時，確認子彈飛出屏幕后被刪除gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets) #刷新屏幕run_game()

作業3：更改上述代碼，使之橫向發射子彈
添加 pygame.transform.rotozoom(surface, angle, scale) (縮放和旋轉)
代碼連接 https://github.com/hitskyer/course/tree/master/python/chenmingming/pygame_project/alien_invasion

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