之前在介紹使用JdbcTemplate和Spring-data-jpa時(shí)，都使用了單數(shù)據(jù)源。在單數(shù)據(jù)源的情況下，Spring Boot的配置非常簡(jiǎn)單，只需要在application.properties文件中配置連接參數(shù)即可。但是往往隨著業(yè)務(wù)量發(fā)展，我們通常會(huì)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)拆分或是引入其他數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，從而我們需要配置多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)源，下面基于之前的JdbcTemplate和Spring-data-jpa例子分別介紹兩種多數(shù)據(jù)源的配置方式。

多數(shù)據(jù)源配置

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Spring配置類，定義兩個(gè)DataSource用來(lái)讀取application.properties中的不同配置。如下例子中，主數(shù)據(jù)源配置為spring.datasource.primary開(kāi)頭的配置，第二數(shù)據(jù)源配置為spring.datasource.secondary開(kāi)頭的配置。

@Configuration public class DataSourceConfig { @Bean(name = "primaryDataSource") @Qualifier("primaryDataSource") @ConfigurationProperties(prefix="spring.datasource.primary") public DataSource primaryDataSource() { return DataSourceBuilder.create().build(); } @Bean(name = "secondaryDataSource") @Qualifier("secondaryDataSource") @Primary @ConfigurationProperties(prefix="spring.datasource.secondary") public DataSource secondaryDataSource() { return DataSourceBuilder.create().build(); } }

對(duì)應(yīng)的application.properties配置如下：

spring.datasource.primary.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1 spring.datasource.primary.username=root spring.datasource.primary.password=root spring.datasource.primary.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver spring.datasource.secondary.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test2 spring.datasource.secondary.username=root spring.datasource.secondary.password=root spring.datasource.secondary.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

JdbcTemplate支持

對(duì)JdbcTemplate的支持比較簡(jiǎn)單，只需要為其注入對(duì)應(yīng)的datasource即可，如下例子，在創(chuàng)建JdbcTemplate的時(shí)候分別注入名為primaryDataSource和secondaryDataSource的數(shù)據(jù)源來(lái)區(qū)分不同的JdbcTemplate。

@Bean(name = "primaryJdbcTemplate") public JdbcTemplate primaryJdbcTemplate( @Qualifier("primaryDataSource") DataSource dataSource) { return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource); } @Bean(name = "secondaryJdbcTemplate") public JdbcTemplate secondaryJdbcTemplate( @Qualifier("secondaryDataSource") DataSource dataSource) { return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource); }

接下來(lái)通過(guò)測(cè)試用例來(lái)演示如何使用這兩個(gè)針對(duì)不同數(shù)據(jù)源的JdbcTemplate。

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringApplicationConfiguration(Application.class) public class ApplicationTests { @Autowired @Qualifier("primaryJdbcTemplate") protected JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate1; @Autowired @Qualifier("secondaryJdbcTemplate") protected JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate2; @Before public void setUp() { jdbcTemplate1.update("DELETE FROM USER "); jdbcTemplate2.update("DELETE FROM USER "); } @Test public void test() throws Exception { // 往第一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)源中插入兩條數(shù)據(jù) jdbcTemplate1.update("insert into user(id,name,age) values(?, ?, ?)", 1, "aaa", 20); jdbcTemplate1.update("insert into user(id,name,age) values(?, ?, ?)", 2, "bbb", 30); // 往第二個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)源中插入一條數(shù)據(jù)，若插入的是第一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)源，則會(huì)主鍵沖突報(bào)錯(cuò) jdbcTemplate2.update("insert into user(id,name,age) values(?, ?, ?)", 1, "aaa", 20); // 查一下第一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)源中是否有兩條數(shù)據(jù)，驗(yàn)證插入是否成功 Assert.assertEquals("2", jdbcTemplate1.queryForObject("select count(1) from user", String.class)); // 查一下第一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)源中是否有兩條數(shù)據(jù)，驗(yàn)證插入是否成功 Assert.assertEquals("1", jdbcTemplate2.queryForObject("select count(1) from user", String.class)); } }

代碼示例

可以查看下面?zhèn)}庫(kù)中的chapter3-2-3目錄：

• Github：https://github.com/dyc87112/SpringBoot-Learning
• Gitee：https://gitee.com/didispace/SpringBoot-Learning

如果您覺(jué)得本文不錯(cuò)，歡迎Star支持，您的關(guān)注是我堅(jiān)持的動(dòng)力！

Spring-data-jpa支持

對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)源的配置可以沿用上例中DataSourceConfig的實(shí)現(xiàn)。

新增對(duì)第一數(shù)據(jù)源的JPA配置，注意兩處注釋的地方，用于指定數(shù)據(jù)源對(duì)應(yīng)的Entity實(shí)體和Repository定義位置，用@Primary區(qū)分主數(shù)據(jù)源。

@Configuration @EnableTransactionManagement @EnableJpaRepositories( entityManagerFactoryRef="entityManagerFactoryPrimary", transactionManagerRef="transactionManagerPrimary", basePackages= { "com.didispace.domain.p" }) //設(shè)置Repository所在位置 public class PrimaryConfig { @Autowired @Qualifier("primaryDataSource") private DataSource primaryDataSource; @Primary @Bean(name = "entityManagerPrimary") public EntityManager entityManager(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) { return entityManagerFactoryPrimary(builder).getObject().createEntityManager(); } @Primary @Bean(name = "entityManagerFactoryPrimary") public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryPrimary (EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) { return builder .dataSource(primaryDataSource) .properties(getVendorProperties(primaryDataSource)) .packages("com.didispace.domain.p") //設(shè)置實(shí)體類所在位置 .persistenceUnit("primaryPersistenceUnit") .build(); } @Autowired private JpaProperties jpaProperties; private Map<String, String> getVendorProperties(DataSource dataSource) { return jpaProperties.getHibernateProperties(dataSource); } @Primary @Bean(name = "transactionManagerPrimary") public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManagerPrimary(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) { return new JpaTransactionManager(entityManagerFactoryPrimary(builder).getObject()); } }

新增對(duì)第二數(shù)據(jù)源的JPA配置，內(nèi)容與第一數(shù)據(jù)源類似，具體如下：

@Configuration @EnableTransactionManagement @EnableJpaRepositories( entityManagerFactoryRef="entityManagerFactorySecondary", transactionManagerRef="transactionManagerSecondary", basePackages= { "com.didispace.domain.s" }) //設(shè)置Repository所在位置 public class SecondaryConfig { @Autowired @Qualifier("secondaryDataSource") private DataSource secondaryDataSource; @Bean(name = "entityManagerSecondary") public EntityManager entityManager(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) { return entityManagerFactorySecondary(builder).getObject().createEntityManager(); } @Bean(name = "entityManagerFactorySecondary") public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactorySecondary (EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) { return builder .dataSource(secondaryDataSource) .properties(getVendorProperties(secondaryDataSource)) .packages("com.didispace.domain.s") //設(shè)置實(shí)體類所在位置 .persistenceUnit("secondaryPersistenceUnit") .build(); } @Autowired private JpaProperties jpaProperties; private Map<String, String> getVendorProperties(DataSource dataSource) { return jpaProperties.getHibernateProperties(dataSource); } @Bean(name = "transactionManagerSecondary") PlatformTransactionManager transactionManagerSecondary(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) { return new JpaTransactionManager(entityManagerFactorySecondary(builder).getObject()); } }

完成了以上配置之后，主數(shù)據(jù)源的實(shí)體和數(shù)據(jù)訪問(wèn)對(duì)象位于：com.didispace.domain.p，次數(shù)據(jù)源的實(shí)體和數(shù)據(jù)訪問(wèn)接口位于：com.didispace.domain.s。

分別在這兩個(gè)package下創(chuàng)建各自的實(shí)體和數(shù)據(jù)訪問(wèn)接口

• 主數(shù)據(jù)源下，創(chuàng)建User實(shí)體和對(duì)應(yīng)的Repository接口

@Entity public class User { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; @Column(nullable = false) private String name; @Column(nullable = false) private Integer age; public User(){} public User(String name, Integer age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } // 省略getter、setter }

public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> { }

• 從數(shù)據(jù)源下，創(chuàng)建Message實(shí)體和對(duì)應(yīng)的Repository接口

@Entity public class Message { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; @Column(nullable = false) private String name; @Column(nullable = false) private String content; public Message(){} public Message(String name, String content) { this.name = name; this.content = content; } // 省略getter、setter }

public interface MessageRepository extends JpaRepository<Message, Long> { }

接下來(lái)通過(guò)測(cè)試用例來(lái)驗(yàn)證使用這兩個(gè)針對(duì)不同數(shù)據(jù)源的配置進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)操作。

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringApplicationConfiguration(Application.class) public class ApplicationTests { @Autowired private UserRepository userRepository; @Autowired private MessageRepository messageRepository; @Test public void test() throws Exception { userRepository.save(new User("aaa", 10)); userRepository.save(new User("bbb", 20)); userRepository.save(new User("ccc", 30)); userRepository.save(new User("ddd", 40)); userRepository.save(new User("eee", 50)); Assert.assertEquals(5, userRepository.findAll().size()); messageRepository.save(new Message("o1", "aaaaaaaaaa")); messageRepository.save(new Message("o2", "bbbbbbbbbb")); messageRepository.save(new Message("o3", "cccccccccc")); Assert.assertEquals(3, messageRepository.findAll().size()); } }

代碼示例

可以查看下面?zhèn)}庫(kù)中的chapter3-2-4目錄：

• Github：https://github.com/dyc87112/SpringBoot-Learning
• Gitee：https://gitee.com/didispace/SpringBoot-Learning

如果您覺(jué)得本文不錯(cuò)，歡迎Star支持，您的關(guān)注是我堅(jiān)持的動(dòng)力！

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