Linux系統的ping命令是常用的網絡命令，它通常用來測試與目標主機的連通性，我們經常會說“ping一下某機器，看是不是開著”、不能打開網頁時會說“你先ping網關地址192.168.1.1試試”。它通過發送ICMP?ECHO_REQUEST數據包到網絡主機（send?ICMP?ECHO_REQUEST?to?network?hosts），并顯示響應情況，這樣我們就可以根據它輸出的信息來確定目標主機是否可訪問（但這不是絕對的）。有些服務器為了防止通過ping探測到，通過防火墻設置了禁止ping或者在內核參數中禁止ping，這樣就不能通過ping確定該主機是否還處于開啟狀態。

linux下的ping和windows下的ping稍有區別,linux下ping不會自動終止,需要按ctrl+c終止或者用參數-c指定要求完成的回應次數。

1.命令格式：

ping?[參數]?[主機名或IP地址]

2.命令功能：

ping命令用于：確定網絡和各外部主機的狀態；跟蹤和隔離硬件和軟件問題；測試、評估和管理網絡。如果主機正在運行并連在網上，它就對回送信號進行響應。每個回送信號請求包含一個網際協議（IP）和?ICMP?頭，后面緊跟一個?tim?結構，以及來填寫這個信息包的足夠的字節。缺省情況是連續發送回送信號請求直到接收到中斷信號（Ctrl-C）。

ping?命令每秒發送一個數據報并且為每個接收到的響應打印一行輸出。ping?命令計算信號往返時間和(信息)包丟失情況的統計信息，并且在完成之后顯示一個簡要總結。ping?命令在程序超時或當接收到?SIGINT?信號時結束。Host?參數或者是一個有效的主機名或者是因特網地址。

3.命令參數：

-d?使用Socket的SO_DEBUG功能。

-f??極限檢測。大量且快速地送網絡封包給一臺機器，看它的回應。

-n?只輸出數值。

-q?不顯示任何傳送封包的信息，只顯示最后的結果。

-r?忽略普通的Routing?Table，直接將數據包送到遠端主機上。通常是查看本機的網絡接口是否有問題。

-R?記錄路由過程。

-v?詳細顯示指令的執行過程。

<p>-c?數目：在發送指定數目的包后停止。

-i?秒數：設定間隔幾秒送一個網絡封包給一臺機器，預設值是一秒送一次。

-I?網絡界面：使用指定的網絡界面送出數據包。

-l?前置載入：設置在送出要求信息之前，先行發出的數據包。

-p?范本樣式：設置填滿數據包的范本樣式。

-s?字節數：指定發送的數據字節數，預設值是56，加上8字節的ICMP頭，一共是64ICMP數據字節。

-t?存活數值：設置存活數值TTL的大小。

4.使用實例：

實例1：ping的通的情況

命令：

ping?192.168.120.205

輸出：

[root@localhost?~]#?ping?192.168.120.205
PING?192.168.120.205?(192.168.120.205)?56(84)?bytes?of?data.
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.205:?icmp_seq=1?ttl=64?time=0.720?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.205:?icmp_seq=2?ttl=64?time=0.181?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.205:?icmp_seq=3?ttl=64?time=0.191?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.205:?icmp_seq=4?ttl=64?time=0.188?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.205:?icmp_seq=5?ttl=64?time=0.189?ms

---?192.168.120.205?ping?statistics?---
5?packets?transmitted,?5?received,?0%?packet?loss,?time?4000ms
rtt?min/avg/max/mdev?=?0.181/0.293/0.720/0.214?ms
[root@localhost?~]#?

說明：

?

實例2：ping不通的情況

命令：

ping?192.168.120.202

輸出：

[root@localhost?~]#?ping?192.168.120.202
PING?192.168.120.202?(192.168.120.202)?56(84)?bytes?of?data.
From?192.168.120.204?icmp_seq=1?Destination?Host?Unreachable
From?192.168.120.204?icmp_seq=2?Destination?Host?Unreachable
From?192.168.120.204?icmp_seq=3?Destination?Host?Unreachable
From?192.168.120.204?icmp_seq=4?Destination?Host?Unreachable
From?192.168.120.204?icmp_seq=5?Destination?Host?Unreachable
From?192.168.120.204?icmp_seq=6?Destination?Host?Unreachable

---?192.168.120.202?ping?statistics?---
8?packets?transmitted,?0?received,?+6?errors,?100%?packet?loss,?time?7005ms
,?pipe?4
[root@localhost?~]#

說明：

?

實例3：ping網關

命令：

ping?-b?192.168.120.1

輸出：

[root@localhost?~]#?route
Kernel?IP?routing?table
Destination?????Gateway?????????Genmask?????????Flags?Metric?Ref????Use?Iface
192.168.120.0???*???????????????255.255.255.0???U?????0??????0????????0?eth0
192.168.0.0?????192.168.120.1???255.255.0.0?????UG????0??????0????????0?eth0
10.0.0.0????????192.168.120.1???255.0.0.0???????UG????0??????0????????0?eth0
default?????????192.168.120.240?0.0.0.0?????????UG????0??????0????????0?eth0
[root@localhost?~]#?ping?-b?192.168.120.1
PING?192.168.120.1?(192.168.120.1)?56(84)?bytes?of?data.
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.1:?icmp_seq=1?ttl=255?time=2.02?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.1:?icmp_seq=2?ttl=255?time=1.83?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.1:?icmp_seq=3?ttl=255?time=1.68?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.1:?icmp_seq=4?ttl=255?time=1.98?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.1:?icmp_seq=5?ttl=255?time=1.88?ms

---?192.168.120.1?ping?statistics?---
5?packets?transmitted,?5?received,?0%?packet?loss,?time?4000ms
rtt?min/avg/max/mdev?=?1.682/1.880/2.020/0.129?ms

說明：

?

實例4：ping指定次數

命令：

ping?-c?10?192.168.120.206

輸出：

[root@localhost?~]#?ping?-c?10?192.168.120.206
PING?192.168.120.206?(192.168.120.206)?56(84)?bytes?of?data.
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=1?ttl=64?time=1.25?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=2?ttl=64?time=0.260?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=3?ttl=64?time=0.242?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=4?ttl=64?time=0.271?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=5?ttl=64?time=0.274?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=6?ttl=64?time=0.295?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=7?ttl=64?time=0.269?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=8?ttl=64?time=0.270?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=9?ttl=64?time=0.253?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=10?ttl=64?time=0.289?ms

---?192.168.120.206?ping?statistics?---
10?packets?transmitted,?10?received,?0%?packet?loss,?time?9000ms
rtt?min/avg/max/mdev?=?0.242/0.367/1.251/0.295?ms
[root@localhost?~]#?

說明：

?

實例5：時間間隔和次數限制的ping

命令：

ping?-c?10?-i?0.5?192.168.120.206

輸出：

[root@localhost?~]#?ping?-c?10?-i?0.5?192.168.120.206
PING?192.168.120.206?(192.168.120.206)?56(84)?bytes?of?data.
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=1?ttl=64?time=1.24?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=2?ttl=64?time=0.235?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=3?ttl=64?time=0.244?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=4?ttl=64?time=0.300?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=5?ttl=64?time=0.255?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=6?ttl=64?time=0.264?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=7?ttl=64?time=0.263?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=8?ttl=64?time=0.331?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=9?ttl=64?time=0.247?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=10?ttl=64?time=0.244?ms

---?192.168.120.206?ping?statistics?---
10?packets?transmitted,?10?received,?0%?packet?loss,?time?4499ms
rtt?min/avg/max/mdev?=?0.235/0.362/1.241/0.294?ms
[root@localhost?~]#?ping?-c?10?-i?0.01?192.168.120.206
PING?192.168.120.206?(192.168.120.206)?56(84)?bytes?of?data.
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=1?ttl=64?time=0.244?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=2?ttl=64?time=0.195?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=3?ttl=64?time=0.219?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=4?ttl=64?time=0.204?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=5?ttl=64?time=3.56?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=6?ttl=64?time=1.93?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=7?ttl=64?time=0.193?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=8?ttl=64?time=0.193?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=9?ttl=64?time=0.202?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=10?ttl=64?time=0.211?ms

---?192.168.120.206?ping?statistics?---
10?packets?transmitted,?10?received,?0%?packet?loss,?time?90ms
rtt?min/avg/max/mdev?=?0.193/0.716/3.564/1.080?ms
[root@localhost?~]#?

?

說明：

?

實例6：通過域名ping公網上的站點

命令：

ping?-c?5?www.58.com

輸出：

peida-VirtualBox?~?#?ping?-c?5?www.58.com
PING?www.58.com?(211.151.111.30)?56(84)?bytes?of?data.
64?bytes?from?211.151.111.30:?icmp_req=1?ttl=49?time=14.7?ms
64?bytes?from?211.151.111.30:?icmp_req=2?ttl=49?time=16.4?ms
64?bytes?from?211.151.111.30:?icmp_req=3?ttl=49?time=15.2?ms
64?bytes?from?211.151.111.30:?icmp_req=4?ttl=49?time=14.6?ms
64?bytes?from?211.151.111.30:?icmp_req=5?ttl=49?time=19.9?ms

---?www.58.com?ping?statistics?---
5?packets?transmitted,?5?received,?0%?packet?loss,?time?20101ms
rtt?min/avg/max/mdev?=?14.618/16.192/19.917/1.965?ms
peida-VirtualBox?~?#?

說明：

?

實例7：多參數使用

命令：

ping?-i?3?-s?1024?-t?255?192.168.120.206

輸出：

[root@localhost?~]#?ping?-i?3?-s?1024?-t?255?192.168.120.206
PING?192.168.120.206?(192.168.120.206)?1024(1052)?bytes?of?data.
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=1?ttl=64?time=1.99?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=2?ttl=64?time=0.694?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=3?ttl=64?time=0.300?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=4?ttl=64?time=0.481?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=5?ttl=64?time=0.415?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=6?ttl=64?time=0.600?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=7?ttl=64?time=0.411?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=8?ttl=64?time=0.281?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=9?ttl=64?time=0.318?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=10?ttl=64?time=0.362?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=11?ttl=64?time=0.408?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=12?ttl=64?time=0.445?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=13?ttl=64?time=0.397?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=14?ttl=64?time=0.406?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=15?ttl=64?time=0.458?ms

---?192.168.120.206?ping?statistics?---
15?packets?transmitted,?15?received,?0%?packet?loss,?time?41999ms
rtt?min/avg/max/mdev?=?0.281/0.531/1.993/0.404?ms
[root@localhost?~]#?

說明：

-i?3?發送周期為?3秒?-s?設置發送包的大小為1024?-t?設置TTL值為?255

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/peida/archive/2013/03/06/2945407.html

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