Linux系統(tǒng)的ping命令是常用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)命令，它通常用來測試與目標(biāo)主機(jī)的連通性，我們經(jīng)常會說“ping一下某機(jī)器，看是不是開著”、不能打開網(wǎng)頁時(shí)會說“你先ping網(wǎng)關(guān)地址192.168.1.1試試”。它通過發(fā)送ICMP?ECHO_REQUEST數(shù)據(jù)包到網(wǎng)絡(luò)主機(jī)（send?ICMP?ECHO_REQUEST?to?network?hosts），并顯示響應(yīng)情況，這樣我們就可以根據(jù)它輸出的信息來確定目標(biāo)主機(jī)是否可訪問（但這不是絕對的）。有些服務(wù)器為了防止通過ping探測到，通過防火墻設(shè)置了禁止ping或者在內(nèi)核參數(shù)中禁止ping，這樣就不能通過ping確定該主機(jī)是否還處于開啟狀態(tài)。

linux下的ping和windows下的ping稍有區(qū)別,linux下ping不會自動(dòng)終止,需要按ctrl+c終止或者用參數(shù)-c指定要求完成的回應(yīng)次數(shù)。

1.命令格式：

ping?[參數(shù)]?[主機(jī)名或IP地址]

2.命令功能：

ping命令用于：確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)和各外部主機(jī)的狀態(tài)；跟蹤和隔離硬件和軟件問題；測試、評估和管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)。如果主機(jī)正在運(yùn)行并連在網(wǎng)上，它就對回送信號進(jìn)行響應(yīng)。每個(gè)回送信號請求包含一個(gè)網(wǎng)際協(xié)議（IP）和?ICMP?頭，后面緊跟一個(gè)?tim?結(jié)構(gòu)，以及來填寫這個(gè)信息包的足夠的字節(jié)。缺省情況是連續(xù)發(fā)送回送信號請求直到接收到中斷信號（Ctrl-C）。

ping?命令每秒發(fā)送一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)并且為每個(gè)接收到的響應(yīng)打印一行輸出。ping?命令計(jì)算信號往返時(shí)間和(信息)包丟失情況的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息，并且在完成之后顯示一個(gè)簡要總結(jié)。ping?命令在程序超時(shí)或當(dāng)接收到?SIGINT?信號時(shí)結(jié)束。Host?參數(shù)或者是一個(gè)有效的主機(jī)名或者是因特網(wǎng)地址。

3.命令參數(shù)：

-d?使用Socket的SO_DEBUG功能。

-f??極限檢測。大量且快速地送網(wǎng)絡(luò)封包給一臺機(jī)器，看它的回應(yīng)。

-n?只輸出數(shù)值。

-q?不顯示任何傳送封包的信息，只顯示最后的結(jié)果。

-r?忽略普通的Routing?Table，直接將數(shù)據(jù)包送到遠(yuǎn)端主機(jī)上。通常是查看本機(jī)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口是否有問題。

-R?記錄路由過程。

-v?詳細(xì)顯示指令的執(zhí)行過程。

<p>-c?數(shù)目：在發(fā)送指定數(shù)目的包后停止。

-i?秒數(shù)：設(shè)定間隔幾秒送一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)封包給一臺機(jī)器，預(yù)設(shè)值是一秒送一次。

-I?網(wǎng)絡(luò)界面：使用指定的網(wǎng)絡(luò)界面送出數(shù)據(jù)包。

-l?前置載入：設(shè)置在送出要求信息之前，先行發(fā)出的數(shù)據(jù)包。

-p?范本樣式：設(shè)置填滿數(shù)據(jù)包的范本樣式。

-s?字節(jié)數(shù)：指定發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)數(shù)，預(yù)設(shè)值是56，加上8字節(jié)的ICMP頭，一共是64ICMP數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)。

-t?存活數(shù)值：設(shè)置存活數(shù)值TTL的大小。

4.使用實(shí)例：

實(shí)例1：ping的通的情況

命令：

ping?192.168.120.205

輸出：

[root@localhost?~]#?ping?192.168.120.205
PING?192.168.120.205?(192.168.120.205)?56(84)?bytes?of?data.
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.205:?icmp_seq=1?ttl=64?time=0.720?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.205:?icmp_seq=2?ttl=64?time=0.181?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.205:?icmp_seq=3?ttl=64?time=0.191?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.205:?icmp_seq=4?ttl=64?time=0.188?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.205:?icmp_seq=5?ttl=64?time=0.189?ms

---?192.168.120.205?ping?statistics?---
5?packets?transmitted,?5?received,?0%?packet?loss,?time?4000ms
rtt?min/avg/max/mdev?=?0.181/0.293/0.720/0.214?ms
[root@localhost?~]#?

說明：

?

實(shí)例2：ping不通的情況

命令：

ping?192.168.120.202

輸出：

[root@localhost?~]#?ping?192.168.120.202
PING?192.168.120.202?(192.168.120.202)?56(84)?bytes?of?data.
From?192.168.120.204?icmp_seq=1?Destination?Host?Unreachable
From?192.168.120.204?icmp_seq=2?Destination?Host?Unreachable
From?192.168.120.204?icmp_seq=3?Destination?Host?Unreachable
From?192.168.120.204?icmp_seq=4?Destination?Host?Unreachable
From?192.168.120.204?icmp_seq=5?Destination?Host?Unreachable
From?192.168.120.204?icmp_seq=6?Destination?Host?Unreachable

---?192.168.120.202?ping?statistics?---
8?packets?transmitted,?0?received,?+6?errors,?100%?packet?loss,?time?7005ms
,?pipe?4
[root@localhost?~]#

說明：

?

實(shí)例3：ping網(wǎng)關(guān)

命令：

ping?-b?192.168.120.1

輸出：

[root@localhost?~]#?route
Kernel?IP?routing?table
Destination?????Gateway?????????Genmask?????????Flags?Metric?Ref????Use?Iface
192.168.120.0???*???????????????255.255.255.0???U?????0??????0????????0?eth0
192.168.0.0?????192.168.120.1???255.255.0.0?????UG????0??????0????????0?eth0
10.0.0.0????????192.168.120.1???255.0.0.0???????UG????0??????0????????0?eth0
default?????????192.168.120.240?0.0.0.0?????????UG????0??????0????????0?eth0
[root@localhost?~]#?ping?-b?192.168.120.1
PING?192.168.120.1?(192.168.120.1)?56(84)?bytes?of?data.
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.1:?icmp_seq=1?ttl=255?time=2.02?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.1:?icmp_seq=2?ttl=255?time=1.83?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.1:?icmp_seq=3?ttl=255?time=1.68?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.1:?icmp_seq=4?ttl=255?time=1.98?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.1:?icmp_seq=5?ttl=255?time=1.88?ms

---?192.168.120.1?ping?statistics?---
5?packets?transmitted,?5?received,?0%?packet?loss,?time?4000ms
rtt?min/avg/max/mdev?=?1.682/1.880/2.020/0.129?ms

說明：

?

實(shí)例4：ping指定次數(shù)

命令：

ping?-c?10?192.168.120.206

輸出：

[root@localhost?~]#?ping?-c?10?192.168.120.206
PING?192.168.120.206?(192.168.120.206)?56(84)?bytes?of?data.
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=1?ttl=64?time=1.25?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=2?ttl=64?time=0.260?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=3?ttl=64?time=0.242?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=4?ttl=64?time=0.271?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=5?ttl=64?time=0.274?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=6?ttl=64?time=0.295?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=7?ttl=64?time=0.269?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=8?ttl=64?time=0.270?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=9?ttl=64?time=0.253?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=10?ttl=64?time=0.289?ms

---?192.168.120.206?ping?statistics?---
10?packets?transmitted,?10?received,?0%?packet?loss,?time?9000ms
rtt?min/avg/max/mdev?=?0.242/0.367/1.251/0.295?ms
[root@localhost?~]#?

說明：

?

實(shí)例5：時(shí)間間隔和次數(shù)限制的ping

命令：

ping?-c?10?-i?0.5?192.168.120.206

輸出：

[root@localhost?~]#?ping?-c?10?-i?0.5?192.168.120.206
PING?192.168.120.206?(192.168.120.206)?56(84)?bytes?of?data.
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=1?ttl=64?time=1.24?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=2?ttl=64?time=0.235?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=3?ttl=64?time=0.244?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=4?ttl=64?time=0.300?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=5?ttl=64?time=0.255?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=6?ttl=64?time=0.264?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=7?ttl=64?time=0.263?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=8?ttl=64?time=0.331?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=9?ttl=64?time=0.247?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=10?ttl=64?time=0.244?ms

---?192.168.120.206?ping?statistics?---
10?packets?transmitted,?10?received,?0%?packet?loss,?time?4499ms
rtt?min/avg/max/mdev?=?0.235/0.362/1.241/0.294?ms
[root@localhost?~]#?ping?-c?10?-i?0.01?192.168.120.206
PING?192.168.120.206?(192.168.120.206)?56(84)?bytes?of?data.
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=1?ttl=64?time=0.244?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=2?ttl=64?time=0.195?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=3?ttl=64?time=0.219?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=4?ttl=64?time=0.204?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=5?ttl=64?time=3.56?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=6?ttl=64?time=1.93?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=7?ttl=64?time=0.193?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=8?ttl=64?time=0.193?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=9?ttl=64?time=0.202?ms
64?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=10?ttl=64?time=0.211?ms

---?192.168.120.206?ping?statistics?---
10?packets?transmitted,?10?received,?0%?packet?loss,?time?90ms
rtt?min/avg/max/mdev?=?0.193/0.716/3.564/1.080?ms
[root@localhost?~]#?

?

說明：

?

實(shí)例6：通過域名ping公網(wǎng)上的站點(diǎn)

命令：

ping?-c?5?www.58.com

輸出：

peida-VirtualBox?~?#?ping?-c?5?www.58.com
PING?www.58.com?(211.151.111.30)?56(84)?bytes?of?data.
64?bytes?from?211.151.111.30:?icmp_req=1?ttl=49?time=14.7?ms
64?bytes?from?211.151.111.30:?icmp_req=2?ttl=49?time=16.4?ms
64?bytes?from?211.151.111.30:?icmp_req=3?ttl=49?time=15.2?ms
64?bytes?from?211.151.111.30:?icmp_req=4?ttl=49?time=14.6?ms
64?bytes?from?211.151.111.30:?icmp_req=5?ttl=49?time=19.9?ms

---?www.58.com?ping?statistics?---
5?packets?transmitted,?5?received,?0%?packet?loss,?time?20101ms
rtt?min/avg/max/mdev?=?14.618/16.192/19.917/1.965?ms
peida-VirtualBox?~?#?

說明：

?

實(shí)例7：多參數(shù)使用

命令：

ping?-i?3?-s?1024?-t?255?192.168.120.206

輸出：

[root@localhost?~]#?ping?-i?3?-s?1024?-t?255?192.168.120.206
PING?192.168.120.206?(192.168.120.206)?1024(1052)?bytes?of?data.
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=1?ttl=64?time=1.99?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=2?ttl=64?time=0.694?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=3?ttl=64?time=0.300?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=4?ttl=64?time=0.481?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=5?ttl=64?time=0.415?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=6?ttl=64?time=0.600?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=7?ttl=64?time=0.411?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=8?ttl=64?time=0.281?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=9?ttl=64?time=0.318?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=10?ttl=64?time=0.362?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=11?ttl=64?time=0.408?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=12?ttl=64?time=0.445?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=13?ttl=64?time=0.397?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=14?ttl=64?time=0.406?ms
1032?bytes?from?192.168.120.206:?icmp_seq=15?ttl=64?time=0.458?ms

---?192.168.120.206?ping?statistics?---
15?packets?transmitted,?15?received,?0%?packet?loss,?time?41999ms
rtt?min/avg/max/mdev?=?0.281/0.531/1.993/0.404?ms
[root@localhost?~]#?

說明：

-i?3?發(fā)送周期為?3秒?-s?設(shè)置發(fā)送包的大小為1024?-t?設(shè)置TTL值為?255

轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/peida/archive/2013/03/06/2945407.html

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