rfc5766-turn-server NAT
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rfc5766-turn-server NAT
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安裝：谷歌推薦的開源穿透服務(wù)器，包含trun和stun服務(wù)，主頁：https://code.google.com/p/rfc5766-turn-server/
https://code.google.com/p/rfc5766-turn-server/??
The TURN Server is a VoIP media traffic NAT traversal server and gateway. It can be used as a general-purpose network traffic TURN server/gateway, too.
This implementation also includes some extra features. Supported RFCs:
TURN specs:
RFC 5766 - base TURN specs
RFC 6062 - TCP relaying TURN extension
RFC 6156 - IPv6 extension for TURN
Experimental DTLS support as client protocol.
STUN specs:
RFC 5389 - base "new" STUN specs
RFC 5769 - test vectors for STUN protocol testing
RFC 5780 - NAT behavior discovery support
下載必要庫
| yum install -y make auomake gcc cc gcc-c++ wget yum install -y openssl-devel libevent libevent-devel mysql-devel mysql-server wget?https://github.com/downloads/libevent/libevent/libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gz tar xvfz libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gz cd libevent-2.0.21-stable && ./configure make && make install && cd .. |
下載turnserver-3.2.3.95.tar.gz并安裝
| wget?http://turnserver.open-sys.org/downloads/v3.2.3.95/turnserver-3.2.3.95.tar.gz tar -xvzf turnserver-3.2.3.95.tar.gz cd turnserver-3.2.3.95 ./configure make && make install |
安裝后，配置turnserver.conf和turnuserdb.conf
啟動(dòng)
| turnserver -L <public_ip_address> -c turnserver.conf -o -a -b turnuserdb.conf -f -r <system_domain_name> |
可以通過以下指令獲取幫助
| turnserver -h |
turnserver.conf配置：
| # RFC5766-TURN-SERVER configuration file # RFC5766-TURN-SERVER配置文件 # # Boolean values note: where boolean value is supposed to be used, # you can use '0', 'off', 'no', 'false', 'f' as 'false, # and you can use '1', 'on', 'yes', 'true', 't' as 'true' # If the value is missed, then it means 'true'. # # 布爾值注意: 布爾值應(yīng)該被使用, # 您可以使用'0', 'off', 'no', 'false', 'f' 相當(dāng)于 'false, # 還有你可以用'1', 'on', 'yes', 'true', 't' 相當(dāng)于 'true' # 如果沒有值，相當(dāng)于'true'. # # Listener interface device (optional, Linux only). # NOT RECOMMENDED. # # 偵聽器接口設(shè)備(僅可選,Linux)。 # 不推薦。 # #listening-device=eth0 # TURN listener port for UDP and TCP (Default: 3478). # Note: actually, TLS & DTLS sessions can connect to the # "plain" TCP & UDP port(s), too - if allowed by configuration. # # TURN為UDP和TCP的偵聽器端口(默認(rèn): 3478)。 # 注:實(shí)際上,TLS和DTLS會(huì)話可以連接到"清晰的"TCP和UDP端口,——如果允許配置。 # #listening-port=3478 listening-port=3478 # TURN listener port for TLS (Default: 5349). # Note: actually, "plain" TCP & UDP sessions can connect to the TLS & DTLS # port(s), too - if allowed by configuration. The TURN server # "automatically" recognizes the type of traffic. Actually, two listening # endpoints (the "plain" one and the "tls" one) are equivalent in terms of # functionality; but we keep both endpoints to satisfy the RFC 5766 specs. # For secure TCP connections, we currently support SSL version 3 and # TLS version 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2. SSL2 "encapculation mode" is also supported. # For secure UDP connections, we support DTLS version 1. # # TURN為TLS的偵聽器端口(默認(rèn): 5349)。 # 注意:事實(shí)上,"清晰的"TCP和UDP會(huì)話可以連接到TLS和DTLS端口，如果允許配置。 # TURN服務(wù)器"自動(dòng)"識(shí)別傳輸類型。實(shí)際上,兩個(gè)監(jiān)聽終端點(diǎn)("清晰的"端和"TLS"端)是 # 對等的功能;但我們保持兩個(gè)端點(diǎn)來滿足RFC 5766規(guī)范。 # 對于安全的TCP連接,我們目前支持SSL的3個(gè)版本，是TLS 1.0版本,1.1版本和1.2版本。 # SSL2還支持"encapculation模式"。對于安全的UDP連接,我們支持DTLS版本1。 # #tls-listening-port=5349 tls-listening-port=5349 # Alternative listening port for UDP and TCP listeners; # default (or zero) value means "listening port plus one". # This is needed for RFC 5780 support # (STUN extension specs, NAT behavior discovery). The TURN Server # supports RFC 5780 only if it is started with more than one # listening IP address of the same family (IPv4 or IPv6). # RFC 5780 is supported only by UDP protocol, other protocols # are listening to that endpoint only for "symmetry". # # 選擇UDP和TCP監(jiān)聽器監(jiān)聽端口; # 默認(rèn)(或者0)是表示監(jiān)聽的端口加1. # 這是必須的，為了RFC 5780的支持(STUN的擴(kuò)展規(guī)范, NAT后端的發(fā)現(xiàn))。 # TURN服務(wù)器支持RFC 5780只有啟動(dòng)與多個(gè)監(jiān)聽同一族的IP地址(IPv4或IPv6). # RFC 5780只有UDP協(xié)議,支持其他協(xié)議是監(jiān)聽"對稱"型端口的。 # #alt-listening-port=0 ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? # Alternative listening port for TLS and DTLS protocols. # Default (or zero) value means "TLS listening port plus one". # # 選擇監(jiān)聽端口TLS和DTLS協(xié)議。 # 默認(rèn)(或者0)是表示TLS監(jiān)聽的端口加1. # #alt-tls-listening-port=0 ? ?? # Listener IP address of relay server. Multiple listeners can be specified. # If no IP(s) specified in the config file or in the command line options, # then all IPv4 and IPv6 system IPs will be used for listening. # # 偵聽器中繼服務(wù)器的IP地址。可以指定多個(gè)偵聽器。 # 如果沒有在配置文件或者命令選項(xiàng)中指定監(jiān)聽的IP， # 那么所有的IPv4和IPv6所有的IP將被監(jiān)聽 # #listening-ip=172.17.19.101 #listening-ip=10.207.21.238 #listening-ip=2607:f0d0:1002:51::4 listening-ip=<IP> # Auxiliary STUN/TURN server listening endpoint. # Aux servers have almost full TURN and STUN functionality. # The (minor) limitations are: # 1) Auxiliary servers do not have alternative ports and # they do not support STUN RFC 5780 functionality (CHANGE REQUEST). # 2) Auxiliary servers also are never returning ALTERNATIVE-SERVER reply. # Valid formats are 1.2.3.4:5555 for IPv4 and [1:2::3:4]:5555 for IPv6. # There may be multiple aux-server options, each will be used for listening # to client requests. # # 輔助STUN/TURN服務(wù)器監(jiān)聽端口。 # 輔助服務(wù)器幾乎有齊TURN和STUN功能 # (一些)局限性: # 1) 輔助服務(wù)器沒有替代的端口并且他們不支持STUN RFC 5780功能(變更請求)。 # 2) 輔助服務(wù)器也不會(huì)返回ALTERNATIVE-SERVER回復(fù)。 # 有效格式，IPv4的1.2.3.4:5555 和IPv6的[1:2::3:4]:5555。 # 可能會(huì)有多個(gè)aux-server選項(xiàng),每個(gè)將用于監(jiān)聽客戶端請求。 # #aux-server=172.17.19.110:33478 #aux-server=[2607:f0d0:1002:51::4]:33478 # (recommended for older Linuxes only) # Automatically balance UDP traffic over auxiliary servers (if configured). # The load balancing is using the ALTERNATE-SERVER mechanism. # The TURN client must support 300 ALTERNATE-SERVER response for this # functionality. # # (僅推薦老的Linuxes) # 在輔助服務(wù)器自動(dòng)均衡UDP流量(如果配置)。 # 使用ALTERNATE-SERVER的負(fù)載均衡機(jī)制。 # TURN客戶端必須支持300個(gè)ALTERNATE-SERVER響應(yīng)。 # #udp-self-balance # Relay interface device for relay sockets (optional, Linux only). # NOT RECOMMENDED. # # 終極接口設(shè)備為中繼套接字(可選, 僅Linux). # 不推薦。 # #relay-device=eth1 # Relay address (the local IP address that will be used to relay the # packets to the peer). # Multiple relay addresses may be used. # The same IP(s) can be used as both listening IP(s) and relay IP(s). # If no relay IP(s) specified, then the turnserver will apply the default # policy: it will decide itself which relay addresses to be used, and it # will always be using the client socket IP address as the relay IP address # of the TURN session (if the requested relay address family is the same # as the family of the client socket). # # 中繼地址(本地IP地址將用于傳遞數(shù)據(jù)包的給每個(gè)端) # 可以使用多個(gè)中繼地址。 # 相同的IP可以用作監(jiān)聽IP和繼電器IP。 # 如果沒有指定中繼IP，那么turnserver將應(yīng)用默認(rèn)策略：它將自行決定使用那個(gè)中繼 # 地址，并且它總是會(huì)使用客戶端套接字的IP地址作為中繼的IP地址在TURN會(huì)話中(如果 # 請求的中繼地址族解決同族的客戶端套接字)。 # #relay-ip=172.17.19.105 #relay-ip=2607:f0d0:1002:51::5 relay-ip=<IP> # For Amazon EC2 users:# # TURN Server public/private address mapping, if the server is behind NAT. # In that situation, if a -X is used in form "-X <ip>" then that ip will be reported # as relay IP address of all allocations. This scenario works only in a simple case # when one single relay address is be used, and no RFC5780 functionality is required. # That single relay address must be mapped by NAT to the 'external' IP. # The "external-ip" value, if not empty, is returned in XOR-RELAYED-ADDRESS field. # For that 'external' IP, NAT must forward ports directly (relayed port 12345 # must be always mapped to the same 'external' port 12345). # In more complex case when more than one IP address is involved, # that option must be used several times, each entry must # have form "-X <public-ip/private-ip>", to map all involved addresses. # RFC5780 NAT discovery STUN functionality will work correctly, # if the addresses are mapped properly, even when the TURN server itself # is behind A NAT. # By default, this value is empty, and no address mapping is used. # # Amazon EC2用戶: # TURN服務(wù)器公開/私有的地址映射，假如服務(wù)器是在NAT后端。 # 在這種情況下,如果一個(gè)表單中"-X <ip>"使用一個(gè)-X，然后該ip將被作為中繼ip地址來使用。 # 這種情況只適用于一個(gè)簡單的例子,當(dāng)一個(gè)中繼的地址是被使用,和沒有RFC5780功能是必需的。 # 單個(gè)中繼地址必須通過NAT映射到外部的IP。 # 外部的IP值，假如不為空，通過XOR-RELAYED-ADDRESS字段返回。 # 外部的IP,NAT必須直接轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)端口(轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)端口12345，必須總是映射到相同的外部端口12345)。 # 在更復(fù)雜的情況下,當(dāng)涉及到多個(gè)IP地址,這個(gè)選項(xiàng)必須使用幾次,每個(gè)條目必須形 # 成"-X <public-ip/private-ip>",將所有涉及到的地址。 # RFC5780 NAT發(fā)現(xiàn)STUN功能正常工作，如果正確的地址映射,即使TURN服務(wù)器本身是 # 在一個(gè)NAT后。 # 默認(rèn)，該值為空，并且沒有使用地址映射。 # #external-ip=60.70.80.91 # #OR: # #external-ip=60.70.80.91/172.17.19.101 #external-ip=60.70.80.92/172.17.19.102 external-ip=<IP> # Number of relay threads to handle the established connections # (in addition to authentication thread and the listener thread). # If set to 0 then application runs relay process in a single thread, # in the same thread with the listener process (the authentication thread will # still be a separate thread). # In the older systems (Linux kernel before 3.9), # the number of UDP threads is always one thread per network listening endpoint - # including the auxiliary endpoints - unless 0 (zero) or 1 (one) value is set. # # 數(shù)量的中繼線程處理建立連接(除了驗(yàn)證線程和偵聽器線程)。 # 如果設(shè)置為0,那么應(yīng)用程序中繼進(jìn)程在一個(gè)線程中運(yùn)行,在同一 # 個(gè)線程中監(jiān)聽處理(身份驗(yàn)證線程仍然是一個(gè)單獨(dú)的線程)。 # 在舊系統(tǒng)(3.9 Linux內(nèi)核之前),數(shù)量的UDP線程總是一個(gè)線程監(jiān)聽一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)端點(diǎn),包括輔助端點(diǎn)——除非設(shè)置0或1值。 # #relay-threads=0 relay-threads=10 # Lower and upper bounds of the UDP relay endpoints: # (default values are 49152 and 65535) # # UDP中繼端點(diǎn)的上下邊界: # (默認(rèn)是49152至65535) # #min-port=49152 #max-port=65535 ? ?? # Uncomment to run TURN server in 'normal' 'moderate' verbose mode. # By default the verbose mode is off. # # 取消TURN服務(wù)器運(yùn)行'normal' 'moderate'詳細(xì)模式。 # 默認(rèn)情況下,詳細(xì)模式是關(guān)閉的。 # #verbose ? ?? # Uncomment to run TURN server in 'extra' verbose mode. # This mode is very annoying and produces lots of output. # Not recommended under any normal circumstances. # # 取消TURN服務(wù)器運(yùn)行'extra'詳細(xì)模式。 # 這種模式是非常惱人的,產(chǎn)生大量的輸出。 # 在任何正常情況下不建議。 # #Verbose # Uncomment to use fingerprints in the TURN messages. # By default the fingerprints are off. # # 取消在TURN消息中使用指紋。 # 默認(rèn)情況下,指紋是關(guān)閉的。 # #fingerprint # Uncomment to use long-term credential mechanism. # By default no credentials mechanism is used (any user allowed). # This option can be used with either flat file user database or # PostgreSQL DB or MySQL DB or Redis DB for user keys storage. # # 取消使用長期證書機(jī)制。 # 默認(rèn)情況下不使用憑證機(jī)制(允許任何用戶)。 # 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)可能使用用戶數(shù)據(jù)文件或PostgreSQL或MySQL或Redis來存儲(chǔ)用戶密鑰。 # #lt-cred-mech lt-cred-mech # Uncomment to use short-term credential mechanism. # By default no credentials mechanism is used (any user allowed). # For short-term credential mechanism you have to use PostgreSQL or # MySQL or Redis database for user password storage. # # 取消使用短期證書機(jī)制。 # 默認(rèn)情況下不使用憑證機(jī)制(允許任何用戶)。 # 短期證書機(jī)制必須使用PostgreSQL或MySQL或Redis數(shù)據(jù)庫來存儲(chǔ)用戶密碼。 # #st-cred-mech # This option is opposite to lt-cred-mech or st-cred-mech. # (TURN Server with no-auth option allows anonymous access). # If neither option is defined, and no users are defined, # then no-auth is default. If at least one user is defined, # in this file or in command line or in usersdb file, then # lt-cred-mech is default. # # 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是lt-cred-mech或st-cred-mech相反。 # (TURN服務(wù)器no-auth選項(xiàng)允許匿名訪問)。 # 如果沒有選項(xiàng)定義,沒有用戶定義,那么no-auth默認(rèn)。 # 如果至少定義有一個(gè)用戶,在這個(gè)文件中或在命令行或usersdb文件, # 那么lt-cred-mech默認(rèn)。 # #no-auth # TURN REST API flag. # Flag that sets a special authorization option that is based upon authentication secret. # This feature can be used with the long-term authentication mechanism, only. # This feature purpose is to support "TURN Server REST API", see # "TURN REST API" link in the project's page #?http://code.google.com/p/rfc5766-turn-server/. # This option is used with timestamp: # usercombo -> "timestamp:userid" # turn user -> usercombo # turn password -> base64(hmac(secret key, usercombo)) # This allows TURN credentials to be accounted for a specific user id. # If you don't have a suitable id, the timestamp alone can be used. # This option is just turning on secret-based authentication. # The actual value of the secret is defined either by option static-auth-secret, # or can be found in the turn_secret table in the database (see below). # # TURN REST API標(biāo)志。 # 標(biāo)志是設(shè)置一個(gè)特殊的授權(quán)選項(xiàng),是基于身份驗(yàn)證的私密。 # 這個(gè)功能可以用于長期驗(yàn)證機(jī)制。 # 這個(gè)功能的目的是支持"TURN Server REST API",看到"TURN Server REST API"項(xiàng)目的頁面的鏈接 #?http://code.google.com/p/rfc5766-turn-server/。 # 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是使用時(shí)間戳: # usercombo -> "timestamp:userid" # turn user -> usercombo # turn password -> base64(hmac(secret key, usercombo)) # 這允許TURN憑證占用一個(gè)特定的用戶id。 # 如果你沒有一個(gè)合適的id,可以使用單獨(dú)的時(shí)間戳。 # 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)只是打開基于私密的身份驗(yàn)證。 # 實(shí)際值定義的私密就是通過選擇static-auth-secret,或可以在數(shù)據(jù)庫中找到turn_secret表(見下文)。 # #use-auth-secret # 'Static' authentication secret value (a string) for TURN REST API only. # If not set, then the turn server # will try to use the 'dynamic' value in turn_secret table # in user database (if present). The database-stored??value can be changed on-the-fly # by a separate program, so this is why that other mode is 'dynamic'. # # TURN REST API的'Static'身份驗(yàn)證的私密值(字符串) # 如果沒有設(shè)置，那么turn服務(wù)器將嘗試使用'dynamic'值在用戶數(shù)據(jù)庫的turn_secret表(如果存在)。 # 數(shù)據(jù)庫存儲(chǔ)的值可以隨時(shí)改變，通過單獨(dú)的程序，所以這就是'dynamic'模式。 # #static-auth-secret? ??? # 'Static' user accounts for long term credentials mechanism, only. # This option cannot be used with TURN REST API or with short-term credentials # mechanism. # 'Static' user accounts are NOT dynamically checked by the turnserver process, # so that they can NOT be changed while the turnserver is running. # # 'Static'用戶長期占憑證機(jī)制。 # 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)不能用于TURN REST API或短期憑證機(jī)制。 # 'Static'用戶帳戶不是turnserver程序動(dòng)態(tài)檢查,所以他們不能改變在turnserver運(yùn)行時(shí)。 # #user=username1:key1 #user=username2:key2 # OR: #user=username1:password1 #user=username2:password2 # # Keys must be generated by turnadmin utility. The key value depends # on user name, realm, and password: # # 鑰匙必須由turnadmin實(shí)用程序生成。鍵值取決于用戶名稱、領(lǐng)域和密碼: # # Example: # 例子,使用以下命令: # # $ turnadmin -k -u ninefingers -r?north.gov?-p youhavetoberealistic # # Output: 0xbc807ee29df3c9ffa736523fb2c4e8ee # 輸出是: 0xbc807ee29df3c9ffa736523fb2c4e8ee # # ('0x' in the beginning of the key is what differentiates the key from # password. If it has 0x then it is a key, otherwise it is a password). # ('0x'開始的關(guān)鍵是區(qū)分從密碼的關(guān)鍵。如果它有0x,那么它是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵,否則這是一個(gè)密碼)。 # # The corresponding user account entry in the config file will be: # 相應(yīng)的配置文件中的用戶帳戶條目將: # #user=ninefingers:0xbc807ee29df3c9ffa736523fb2c4e8ee # Or, equivalently, with open clear password (less secure): #或者是這樣，明文密碼(不安全的): #user=ninefingers:youhavetoberealistic # user=<yourname:yourpsw> # 'Dynamic' user accounts database file name. # Only users for long-term mechanism can be stored in a flat file, # short-term mechanism will not work with option, the short-term # mechanism required PostgreSQL or MySQL or Redis database. # 'Dynamic' long-term user accounts are dynamically checked by the turnserver process, # so that they can be changed while the turnserver is running. # Default file name is turnuserdb.conf. # # 'Dynamic'用戶帳戶數(shù)據(jù)庫文件名。 # 只有用戶長期機(jī)制可以存儲(chǔ)在一個(gè)文件,短期機(jī)制不會(huì)處理選項(xiàng),短期機(jī)制需要PostgreSQL或MySQL或 # Redis數(shù)據(jù)庫。 # 'Dynamic'的長期用戶帳戶在turnserver程序中動(dòng)態(tài)檢查的,這樣他們可以改變的在turnserver運(yùn)行時(shí)。 # 默認(rèn)文件名是turnuserdb.conf. # #userdb=/usr/local/etc/turnuserdb.conf userdb=/etc/turnuserdb.conf # PostgreSQL database connection string in the case that we are using PostgreSQL # as the user database. # This database can be used for long-term and short-term credential mechanisms # and it can store the secret value for secret-based timed authentication in TURN RESP API. # See?http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/static/libpq-connect.html?for 8.x PostgreSQL # versions connection string format, see #?http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/static/libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNSTRING # for 9.x and newer connection string formats. # # PostgreSQL數(shù)據(jù)庫連接字符串,使用PostgreSQL作為用戶數(shù)據(jù)庫。 # 該數(shù)據(jù)庫可用于長期和短期證書機(jī)制,它可以存儲(chǔ)的私密值，為基于私密身份驗(yàn)證的在TURN RESP API中。 # 8.x PostgreSQL版本請參見http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/static/libpq-connect.html的連接字符串 # 格式,9.x和更新的請參閱http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/static/libpq-connect.html?LIBPQ-CONNSTRING # 的連接字符串格式。 # #psql-userdb="host=<host> dbname=<database-name> user=<database-user> password=<database-user-password> connect_timeout=30" # MySQL database connection string in the case that we are using MySQL # as the user database. # This database can be used for long-term and short-term credential mechanisms # and it can store the secret value for secret-based timed authentication in TURN RESP API. # Use string format as below (space separated parameters, all optional): # # MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫連接字符串,使用MySQL作為用戶數(shù)據(jù)庫。 # 該數(shù)據(jù)庫可用于長期和短期證書機(jī)制,它可以存儲(chǔ)的私密值，為基于私密身份驗(yàn)證的在TURN RESP API中。 # 使用字符串格式如下(空間分離參數(shù),所有可選): # #mysql-userdb="host=<host> dbname=<database-name> user=<database-user> password=<database-user-password> port=<port> connect_timeout=<seconds>" # Redis database connection string in the case that we are using Redis # as the user database. # This database can be used for long-term and short-term credential mechanisms # and it can store the secret value for secret-based timed authentication in TURN RESP API. # Use string format as below (space separated parameters, all optional): # # Redis數(shù)據(jù)庫連接字符串,使用Redis作為用戶數(shù)據(jù)庫。 # 該數(shù)據(jù)庫可用于長期和短期證書機(jī)制,它可以存儲(chǔ)的私密值，為基于私密身份驗(yàn)證的在TURN RESP API中。 # 使用字符串格式如下(空間分離參數(shù),所有可選): # #redis-userdb="ip=<ip-address> dbname=<database-number> password=<database-user-password> port=<port> connect_timeout=<seconds>" # Redis status and statistics database connection string, if used (default - empty, no Redis stats DB used). # This database keeps allocations status information, and it can be also used for publishing # and delivering traffic and allocation event notifications. # The connection string has the same parameters as redis-userdb connection string. # Use string format as below (space separated parameters, all optional): # # Redis狀態(tài)和統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)庫連接字符串,如果使用(默認(rèn)空,沒有Redis統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)庫使用)。 # 這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫保持分配狀態(tài)信息,它也可以用于發(fā)布和交付傳輸和分配事件通知。 # 連接字符串有相同的參數(shù)作為redis-userdb連接字符串。 # 使用字符串格式如下(空間分離參數(shù),所有可選): # #redis-statsdb="ip=<ip-address> dbname=<database-number> password=<database-user-password> port=<port> connect_timeout=<seconds>" # Realm for long-term credentials mechanism and for TURN REST API. # # TURN REST API的長期憑證機(jī)制范圍。 # #realm=mycompany.org # Per-user allocation quota. # default value is 0 (no quota, unlimited number of sessions per user). # # 每個(gè)用戶分配配額。 # 默認(rèn)值為0(沒有配額,每個(gè)用戶無限數(shù)量的會(huì)話)。 # #user-quota=0 # Total allocation quota. # default value is 0 (no quota). # # 總分配配額。 # 默認(rèn)值為0(無配額)。 # #total-quota=0 # Max bytes-per-second bandwidth a TURN session is allowed to handle # (input and output network streams are treated separately). Anything above # that limit will be dropped or temporary suppressed (within # the available buffer limits). # # TURN會(huì)話允許最大的傳輸占用帶寬(輸入和輸出網(wǎng)絡(luò)流分別處理)。 # 高于限制將被刪除或暫時(shí)抑制(在可用的緩沖區(qū)范圍內(nèi))。 # #max-bps=0 max-bps=1024 # Uncomment if no UDP client listener is desired. # By default UDP client listener is always started. # # 如果沒有UDP客戶端監(jiān)聽器需要取消。 # 默認(rèn)情況下UDP客戶端監(jiān)聽器總是啟動(dòng)。 # #no-udp # Uncomment if no TCP client listener is desired. # By default TCP client listener is always started. # # 如果沒有TCPP客戶端監(jiān)聽器需要取消。 # 默認(rèn)情況下TCPP客戶端監(jiān)聽器總是啟動(dòng)。 # #no-tcp # Uncomment if no TLS client listener is desired. # By default TLS client listener is always started. # # 如果沒有TLS客戶端監(jiān)聽器需要取消。 # 默認(rèn)情況下TLS客戶端監(jiān)聽器總是啟動(dòng)。 # #no-tls # Uncomment if no DTLS client listener is desired. # By default DTLS client listener is always started. # # 如果沒有DTLS客戶端監(jiān)聽器需要取消。 # 默認(rèn)情況下DTLS客戶端監(jiān)聽器總是啟動(dòng)。 # #no-dtls # Uncomment if no UDP relay endpoints are allowed. # By default UDP relay endpoints are enabled (like in RFC 5766). # # 如果不允許UDP中繼端點(diǎn)需要取消。 # 默認(rèn)情況下啟用UDP繼電器端點(diǎn)(如在RFC 5766)。 # #no-udp-relay # Uncomment if no TCP relay endpoints are allowed. # By default TCP relay endpoints are enabled (like in RFC 6062). # # 如果不允許TCP中繼端點(diǎn)需要取消。 # 默認(rèn)情況下啟用TCP繼電器端點(diǎn)(如在RFC 5766)。 # #no-tcp-relay # Uncomment if extra security is desired, # with nonce value having limited lifetime (600 secs). # By default, the nonce value is unique for a session, # but it has unlimited lifetime. With this option, # the nonce lifetime is limited to 600 seconds, after that # the client will get 438 error and will have to re-authenticate itself. # # 取消如果需要額外的安全,現(xiàn)時(shí)已有有限的生命周期(600秒)。 # 默認(rèn)情況下,一個(gè)會(huì)話的唯一臨界值,但它一般擁有無限的生命周期。這個(gè)選項(xiàng),臨界值 # 僅限于600秒,之后,客戶端將得到438錯(cuò)誤,將不得不重新認(rèn)證。 # #stale-nonce # Certificate file. # Use an absolute path or path relative to the # configuration file. # # 證書文件。 # 使用絕對路徑或路徑相對于配置文件。 # #cert=/usr/local/etc/turn_server_cert.pem # Private key file. # Use an absolute path or path relative to the # configuration file. # Use PEM file format. # # 私鑰文件。 # 使用絕對路徑或路徑相對于配置文件。使用PEM文件格式。 # #pkey=/usr/local/etc/turn_server_pkey.pem # Private key file password, if it is in encoded format. # This option has no default value. # # 私有密鑰文件密碼,如果是在編碼格式。 # 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)沒有默認(rèn)值。 # #pkey-pwd=... # Allowed OpenSSL cipher list for TLS/DTLS connections. # Default value is "DEFAULT". # # 允許OpenSSL的密碼列表為TLS/DTLS連接。 # 默認(rèn)值是"DEFAULT" # #cipher-list="DEFAULT" # CA file in OpenSSL format. # Forces TURN server to verify the client SSL certificates. # By default it is not set: there is no default value and the client # certificate is not checked. # # 在OpenSSL格式的CA文件。 # 強(qiáng)制TURN服務(wù)器驗(yàn)證客戶端SSL證書。 # 默認(rèn)情況下它沒有設(shè)置:沒有默認(rèn)值,不檢查的客戶端證書。 # # Example: #CA-file=/etc/ssh/id_rsa.cert # Curve name for EC ciphers, if supported by OpenSSL library (TLS and DTLS). # The default value is prime256v1. # # 曲線名稱的EC密碼,如果由OpenSSL庫支持(TLS和DTLS)。 # 默認(rèn)值是prime256v1。 # #ec-curve-name=prime256v1 # Use 566 bits predefined DH TLS key. Default size of the key is 1066. # # 使用566位預(yù)定義DH TLS鍵。默認(rèn)鍵大小是1066 # #dh566 # Use 2066 bits predefined DH TLS key. Default size of the key is 1066. # # 使用2066位預(yù)定義DH TLS鍵。默認(rèn)鍵大小是1066 # #dh2066 # Use custom DH TLS key, stored in PEM format in the file. # Flags --dh566 and --dh2066 are ignored when the DH key is taken from a file. # # 使用慣例的DH TLS鍵，使用PEM格式存儲(chǔ)在文件里 # 當(dāng)DH鍵從文件里加載，將忽略標(biāo)志--dh566和--dh2066 # #dh-file=<DH-PEM-file-name> # Flag to prevent stdout log messages. # By default, all log messages are going to both stdout and to # the configured log file. With this option everything will be # going to the configured log only (unless the log file itself is stdout). # # 標(biāo)志防止輸出日志信息 # 默認(rèn)情況下,所有日志消息將輸出到配置的日志文件。采用這一選項(xiàng)都將只配置日志 # (除非日志文件本身是輸出的)。 # #no-stdout-log # Option to set the log file name. # By default, the turnserver tries to open a log file in # /var/log, /var/tmp, /tmp and current directories directories # (which open operation succeeds first that file will be used). # With this option you can set the definite log file name. # The special names are "stdout" and "-" - they will force everything # to the stdout. Also, the "syslog" name will force everything to # the system log (syslog). # In the runtime, the logfile can be reset with the SIGHUP signal # to the turnserver process. # # 設(shè)置日志文件 # 默認(rèn)情況下,turnserver嘗試一個(gè)日志文件在/var/log,/var/tmp,/tmp和 # 當(dāng)前目錄(那個(gè)文件先打開成功,文件將被使用)。 # 采用這一選項(xiàng)可以設(shè)置明確的日志文件名。 # 特殊的名字是"stdout"和"-"——他們將強(qiáng)制所有的輸出。同時(shí),"syslog"名稱將強(qiáng)制所有的系統(tǒng)日志(syslog)。 # 在運(yùn)行時(shí),日志文件可以重置通過SIGHUP信號(hào)在turnserver程序中。 # #log-file=/var/tmp/turn.log # Option to redirect all log output into system log (syslog). # # 選擇重定向所有日志輸出到系統(tǒng)日志(syslog)。 # #syslog # This flag means that no log file rollover will be used, and the log file # name will be constructed as-is, without PID and date appendage. # # 這個(gè)標(biāo)志意味著沒有日志文件將使用翻轉(zhuǎn),并按原樣將創(chuàng)建日志文件名稱,沒有PID和日期的附加。 # #simple-log # Option to set the "redirection" mode. The value of this option # will be the address of the alternate server for UDP & TCP service in form of # <ip>[:<port>]. The server will send this value in the attribute # ALTERNATE-SERVER, with error 300, on ALLOCATE request, to the client. # Client will receive only values with the same address family # as the client network endpoint address family. # See RFC 5389 and RFC 5766 for ALTERNATE-SERVER functionality description. # The client must use the obtained value for subsequent TURN communications. # If more than one --alternate-server options are provided, then the functionality # can be more accurately described as "load-balancing" than a mere "redirection". # If the port number is omitted, then the default port # number 3478 for the UDP/TCP protocols will be used. # Colon (?characters in IPv6 addresses may conflict with the syntax of # the option. To alleviate this conflict, literal IPv6 addresses are enclosed # in square brackets in such resource identifiers, for example: # [2001:db8:85a3:8d3:1319:8a2e:370:7348]:3478 . # Multiple alternate servers can be set. They will be used in the # round-robin manner. All servers in the pool are considered of equal weight and # the load will be distributed equally. For example, if we have 4 alternate servers, # then each server will receive 25% of ALLOCATE requests. A alternate TURN server # address can be used more than one time with the alternate-server option, so this # can emulate "weighting" of the servers. # # 選項(xiàng)設(shè)置"redirection"模式。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)的值將備用服務(wù)器的地址UDP和TCP服務(wù)形式的<ip>[:<port>]。 # 服務(wù)器將發(fā)送這個(gè)值屬性ALTERNATE-SERVER,錯(cuò)誤300,在ALLOCATE請求,客戶端。 # 客戶端將只接收和自己相同的地址族的客戶端的值。查看RFC 5389和RFC 5766為ALTERNATE-SERVER的功能描述。 # 客戶端必須使用獲得的值為隨后的TURN通信。如果不止一個(gè)——alternate-server選項(xiàng)提供,那么功能可以更準(zhǔn)確 # 地描述為"load-balancing",而不僅僅是一個(gè)"redirection"。如果端口號(hào)省略,那么為UDP/TCP協(xié)議，使用默認(rèn)端 # 口號(hào)是3478。冒號(hào)(在IPv6地址字符可能與選項(xiàng)的語法沖突。緩解這種沖突,文字IPv6地址包含在方括號(hào)在這種 # 資源標(biāo)識(shí)符,例如[2001:db8:85a3:8d3:1319:8a2e:370:7348]:3478 。 # 可以設(shè)置多個(gè)備用服務(wù)器。他們將用于循環(huán)的方式。所有服務(wù)器池中被認(rèn)為是平等的重量和載荷將平均分配的原則。 # 例如,如果我們有4個(gè)備用服務(wù)器,每個(gè)服務(wù)器將獲得25%的分配請求。備用TURN服務(wù)器地址可以使用超過一次 # alternate-server選項(xiàng),所以這可以效仿的"weighting"服務(wù)器。 # # Examples: #alternate-server=1.2.3.4:5678 #alternate-server=11.22.33.44:56789 #alternate-server=5.6.7.8 #alternate-server=[2001:db8:85a3:8d3:1319:8a2e:370:7348]:3478 ? ?? ?? ?? ??? # Option to set alternative server for TLS & DTLS services in form of # <ip>:<port>. If the port number is omitted, then the default port # number 5349 for the TLS/DTLS protocols will be used. See the previous # option for the functionality description. # # 選項(xiàng)設(shè)置替代服務(wù)器TLS和DTLS服務(wù)形式的<ip>:<port>。 # 如果省略的端口號(hào),那么默認(rèn)端口號(hào)5349將使用TLS/DTLS協(xié)議。看到前面選擇的功能描述。 # # Examples: #tls-alternate-server=1.2.3.4:5678 #tls-alternate-server=11.22.33.44:56789 #tls-alternate-server=[2001:db8:85a3:8d3:1319:8a2e:370:7348]:3478 # Option to suppress TURN functionality, only STUN requests will be processed. # Run as STUN server only, all TURN requests will be ignored. # By default, this option is NOT set. # # 選擇抑制TURN功能,只有STUN的請求將被處理。 # 作為STUN服務(wù)器,所有TURN請求將被忽略。 # 默認(rèn)情況下,沒有設(shè)置這個(gè)選項(xiàng)。 # #stun-only # Option to suppress STUN functionality, only TURN requests will be processed. # Run as TURN server only, all STUN requests will be ignored. # By default, this option is NOT set. # # 選擇抑制STUN功能,只有TURN的請求將被處理。 # 作為TURN服務(wù)器,所有STUN請求將被忽略。 # 默認(rèn)情況下,沒有設(shè)置這個(gè)選項(xiàng)。 # #no-stun # This is the timestamp/username separator symbol (character) in TURN REST API. # The default value is ':'. # # 這是時(shí)間戳/用戶名分離器符號(hào)(字符)在TURN REST API。 # 默認(rèn)是使用':' # # rest-api-separator=:? ?? # Flag that can be used to disallow peers on the loopback addresses (127.x.x.x and ::1). # This is an extra security measure. # # 標(biāo)記用于不接受的端在環(huán)回地址(127.x.x.x 和 ::1)。 # 這是一個(gè)額外的安全措施。 # #no-loopback-peers # Flag that can be used to disallow peers on well-known broadcast addresses (224.0.0.0 and above, and FFXX:*). # This is an extra security measure. # # 標(biāo)記用于不接受的端在廣播地址(224.0.0.0和以上的，和FFXX:*)。 # 這是一個(gè)額外的安全措施。 # #no-multicast-peers # Option to set the max time, in seconds, allowed for full allocation establishment. # Default is 60 seconds. # # 選項(xiàng)設(shè)置的最大時(shí)間,以秒為單位,允許完整的分配。 # 默認(rèn)60秒 # #max-allocate-timeout=60 # Option to allow or ban specific ip addresses or ranges of ip addresses. # If an ip address is specified as both allowed and denied, then the ip address is # considered to be allowed. This is useful when you wish to ban a range of ip # addresses, except for a few specific ips within that range. # This can be used when you do not want users of the turn server to be able to access # machines reachable by the turn server, but would otherwise be unreachable from the # internet (e.g. when the turn server is sitting behind a NAT) # # 選擇允許或禁止特定的ip地址或ip地址范圍。 # 如果指定一個(gè)ip地址允許和拒絕,那么ip地址被認(rèn)為是允許的。這是有用的,當(dāng)你希望禁止一個(gè)范 # 圍的ip地址,除了一些特定的ip范圍內(nèi)。 # 這可以使用當(dāng)你不希望turn服務(wù)器的用戶能夠訪問機(jī)器通過turn服務(wù)器,但可能是另一方面從互聯(lián) # 網(wǎng)上不能到達(dá)(例如,當(dāng)turn服務(wù)器是在一個(gè)NAT后) # # Examples: # denied-peer-ip=83.166.64.0-83.166.95.255 # allowed-peer-ip=83.166.68.45 # File name to store the pid of the process. # Default is /var/run/turnserver.pid (if superuser account is used) or # /var/tmp/turnserver.pid . # # 存儲(chǔ)進(jìn)程pid的文件名。 # 默認(rèn)是/var/run/turnserver.pid(超級(jí)用戶使用)或者是/var/tmp/turnserver.pid # #pidfile="/var/run/turnserver.pid" pidfile="/var/tmp/turnserver.pid" # Require authentication of the STUN Binding request. # By default, the clients are allowed anonymous access to the STUN Binding functionality. # # 需要STUN綁定請求的身份驗(yàn)證。 # 默認(rèn)情況下,客戶允許匿名訪問STUN綁定功能。 # #secure-stun # Require SHA256 digest function to be used for the message integrity. # By default, the server uses SHA1 (as per TURN standard specs). # With this option, the server # always requires the stronger SHA256 function. The client application # must support SHA256 hash function if this option is used. If the server obtains # a message from the client with a weaker (SHA1) hash function then the # server returns error code 426. # # 需要SHA256采摘功能用于消息的完整性。 # 默認(rèn)情況下,服務(wù)器使用SHA1(按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)格)。 # 采用這一選項(xiàng),服務(wù)器總是需要更強(qiáng)的SHA256功能。客戶端應(yīng)用程序必須支持SHA256散列函數(shù) # 如果使用這個(gè)選項(xiàng)。如果服務(wù)器獲得消息從客戶端較弱(SHA1)散列函數(shù)那么服務(wù)器返回錯(cuò)誤代碼426。 # #sha256 # Mobility with ICE (MICE) specs support. # # 移動(dòng)的ICE(MICE)的規(guī)范支持。 # #mobility # User name to run the process. After the initialization, the turnserver process # will make an attempt to change the current user ID to that user. # # 用戶名運(yùn)行程序。初始化后,turnserver程序?qū)⒃噲D改變當(dāng)前用戶的用戶ID。 # #proc-user=<user-name> # Group name to run the process. After the initialization, the turnserver process # will make an attempt to change the current group ID to that group. # # 組名運(yùn)行程序。初始化后,turnserver程序?qū)⒃噲D改變當(dāng)前組的組ID。 # #proc-group=<group-name> # Turn OFF the CLI support. # By default it is always ON. # See also options cli-ip and cli-port. # # 關(guān)掉CLI的支持。 # 默認(rèn)情況下它總是ON。 # 參閱選項(xiàng)cli-ip和cli-port。 # #no-cli #Local system IP address to be used for CLI server endpoint. Default value # is 127.0.0.1. # # 本地系統(tǒng)的IP地址將用于CLI服務(wù)器端點(diǎn)。默認(rèn)值是127.0.0.1。 # #cli-ip=127.0.0.1 # CLI server port. Default is 5766. # # CLI服務(wù)器端口。默認(rèn)是5766。 # #cli-port=5766 # CLI access password. Default is empty (no password). # # CLI訪問密碼。默認(rèn)是空的(沒有密碼)。 # #cli-password=logen # Server relay. NON-STANDARD AND DANGEROUS OPTION. # Only for those applications when we want to run # server applications on the relay endpoints. # This option eliminates the IP permissions check on # the packets incoming to the relay endpoints. # # 中繼服務(wù)器。NON-STANDARD和DANGEROUS的選擇。 # 只對這些應(yīng)用程序時(shí),我們想在中繼服務(wù)器上運(yùn)行服務(wù)器應(yīng)用程序端點(diǎn)。 # 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以消除IP權(quán)限檢查傳遞的數(shù)據(jù)包傳入的端點(diǎn)。 # #server-relay # Maximum number of output sessions in ps CLI command. # This value can be changed on-the-fly in CLI. The default value is 256. # # 最大數(shù)量的輸出會(huì)議在ps CLI命令。 # 這個(gè)值可以動(dòng)態(tài)改變在CLI。默認(rèn)值是256。 # #cli-max-output-sessions # Set network engine type for the process (for internal purposes). # # 設(shè)置網(wǎng)絡(luò)引擎類型(用于內(nèi)部目的)的過程。 # #ne=[1|2|3] # Do not allow an SSL/TLS version of protocol # # 不允許一個(gè)SSL/TLS版本的協(xié)議 # #no-sslv2 #no-sslv3 #no-tlsv1 #no-tlsv1_1 #no-tlsv1_2 |
turnuserdb.conf
| #This file can be used as user accounts storage for long-term credentials mechanism. #這個(gè)文件可以用作長期用戶帳戶存儲(chǔ)憑證機(jī)制。 # #username1:key1 #username2:key2 # OR: #username1:password1 #username2:password2 # # Keys must be generated by turnadmin utility. The key value depends # on user name, realm, and password: # 鑰匙必須由turnadmin實(shí)用程序生成。鍵值取決于用戶名稱、領(lǐng)域和密碼: # # Example: # 例子,使用以下命令: # $ turnadmin -k -u ninefingers -r?north.gov?-p youhavetoberealistic # Output: 0xbc807ee29df3c9ffa736523fb2c4e8ee # 輸出是: 0xbc807ee29df3c9ffa736523fb2c4e8ee # # ('0x' in the beginning of the key is what differentiates the key from # password. If it has 0x then it is a key, otherwise it is a password). # ('0x'開始的關(guān)鍵是區(qū)分從密碼的關(guān)鍵。如果它有0x,那么它是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵,否則這是一個(gè)密碼)。 # # The corresponding user account entry in the userdb file will be: # 相應(yīng)的用戶帳號(hào)在userdb文件中是： # #ninefingers:0xbc807ee29df3c9ffa736523fb2c4e8ee # Or, equivalently (less secure): #或者是這樣(不安全的): #ninefingers:youhavetoberealistic # yourname:yourpsw
同時(shí)筆者也提供了一個(gè)小工具用于檢測你所在網(wǎng)絡(luò)的NAT類型，源文件是有c程序版本和python腳本兩種，可以從 ?https://github.com/node/turn-client?獲取，如果你是windows，那么還可以本文末尾的附件下載預(yù)編譯打包好的.exe文件。 ? ? ? NAT話題，主要涉及： - NAT 與 防火墻 - NAT 基本類型 與 原理 - NAT 穿透方式及原理 - 基于NAT穿透的網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用 - NAT穿透相關(guān)的工具和開源項(xiàng)目 ? 焦點(diǎn)集中在NAT類型以及對應(yīng)的穿透方式，下面分別收錄幾篇文章做進(jìn)一步了解。 ? ? 1 網(wǎng)絡(luò) 與 NAT 和 防火墻? ? ? 公網(wǎng)/內(nèi)網(wǎng)IP分配及NAT地址轉(zhuǎn)換協(xié)議 ? 2007-12-04 20:32:48 http://yanshiwen2007.blog.163.com/blog/static/38688705200711483248456/? ? ? 防火墻和NAT From: 百度文庫 http://wenku.baidu.com/view/1c5ccba10029bd64783e2c94.html ? ? NAT的四種類型及類型檢測 ?? Posted on 2010-12-16 19:30 bw_0927? http://www.cnblogs.com/my_life/articles/1908552.html ? ? 多媒體通訊中防火墻和NAT問題的解決 2002-12-26 9:57:00 ?信息源:賽迪網(wǎng) 作者:袁帥 http://it.rising.com.cn/newSite/Channels/Safety/SafeDefend/Defender/200212/26-095709141.htm ? Linux下的NAT及防火墻的混合應(yīng)用 時(shí)間:2003-12-29 08:00 來源:BitsCN.com? http://www.bitscn.com/os/linux/200604/7934.html ? ? 2 NAT 穿透 ? NAT穿透 From: wikipedia 維基百科 http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAT%E7%A9%BF%E8%B6%8A ? ? NAT的完全分析及其UDP穿透的完全解決方案 2006-07-18 http://zongtongyi.blogbus.com/logs/2857757.html ? 相關(guān)的其他文章：http://zongtongyi.blogbus.com/tag/%E7%A9%BF%E9%80%8FNAT/ ? ? ? NAT穿透 2010-05-09 12:15? http://blog.csdn.net/feiren127/article/details/5571636 ? ? ? NAT穿透之NAT類型檢測 發(fā)布時(shí)間:2011-01-01 12:07文章來源:黑客防線文章作者:張東輝? http://www.yunsec.net/a/special/wlgf/wlrq/2011/0101/7820.html ? ? P2P網(wǎng)絡(luò)“自由”穿越NAT的“秘密” Posted on 2008-10-12 14:05 chen eric? http://www.cnblogs.com/lovko/archive/2008/10/12/1309094.html ? ? ? Symmetric NAT Traversal http://www.dialogic.com/webhelp/bordernet2020/1.0.0/webhelp/nat_traversal.htm ? ? 3 STUN 和 TURN 協(xié)議? ? 舊版本STUN http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3489.txt ? 新版本STUN http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5389.txt TURN ? ? ? http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5766.txt ? ? Symmetric NAT Traversal using STUN http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-takeda-symmetric-nat-traversal-00.txt ? PS: 此協(xié)議是草稿，主要是關(guān)于基于 STUN 來做 Symmetric 類型的NAT穿透；但這不是100%可以成功的，有一定的概率。 ? PS: 新舊STUN協(xié)議及TURN協(xié)議在實(shí)現(xiàn)和使用上的差異？ ? ? 久版的STUN主要是基于判斷NAT類型的，而新版本的STUN以及其擴(kuò)展的TURN協(xié)議，摒棄了原來的思路，以獲得一個(gè)可靠可用的通信地址和端口為目標(biāo)； ? ? 新版的STUN重在獲得改地址，而TURN則提供了基于已知地址的數(shù)據(jù)傳遞協(xié)議規(guī)范。所以實(shí)踐中，如果STUN告訴我們地址后，可以P2P，則優(yōu)先P2P，否則TURN中轉(zhuǎn)。 ? ? 新舊版本的STUN協(xié)議完全不同，協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì)也不同，無法兼容；新版的STUN則和TURN關(guān)系密切，后者是基于前者擴(kuò)展設(shè)計(jì)的，大多數(shù)服務(wù)端也兼容二者。 ? ? ?? 4 工具與開源項(xiàng)目 ? NAT 類型檢測 ? NAT Check：Check Your Network Address Translator for Compatibility with Peer-to-Peer Protocols http://midcom-p2p.sourceforge.net/ ? ? ? VC++實(shí)現(xiàn)NAT穿透之NAT類型檢測 http://blog.csdn.net/yincheng01/article/details/4486359 ? ? ? - STUN? ? stund? http://sourceforge.net/projects/stun? ? ? pystun http://code.google.com/p/pystun/ ? stunclient http://code.google.com/p/stunclient/source/browse/#svn%2Ftrunk%2Fstun ? ? - STUN & TURN ? turnserver http://turnserver.sourceforge.net/ ?(http://www.turnserver.org/) ? ? turn-client https://github.com/node/turn-client ? ? PS: 下載按時(shí)時(shí)請注意,以上工具和項(xiàng)目中大多使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)C和python(cpython) . ? ? ? STUNMAN? http://www.stunprotocol.org/ ? , ?https://github.com/jselbie/stunserver? ? Features: ? Compliant with the latest RFCs including 5389, 5769, and 5780. Also includes backwards compatibility for RFC 3489. ? ? Supports both UDP and TCP on both IPv4 and IPv6. ? ? Client test app provided. ? STUNMAN 使用C++開發(fā)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了新版的STUN和TURN協(xié)議，同時(shí)兼容處理舊版的STUN協(xié)議請求。 ? ? Java STUN/TURN 相關(guān)： ? jstun? http://jstun.javawi.de/ ? stung4j https://stun4j.dev.java.net/ ? ? 5 總結(jié)? ? - Q: 是否所有NAT都可以穿透？? ? A: 不是！簡單說， 只要是cone類型的NAT，則可以穿透，100%地穿透， ? ? ?即 full cone NAT, address restricted cone NAT 和 port restricted cone NAT 都可以穿透； ? ? ?而 symmetric NAT則不能保證100%穿透，也就是說不可靠無法依賴穿透symmetric NAT來通信，必須提供備選方式如代理中轉(zhuǎn)等。 ? - Q: 對于無法穿透的NAT該怎么辦？? ? A: 既然有STUN和TURN甚至SOCK5等協(xié)議，那么在確定無法穿透或者不能確定穿透時(shí)，選擇服務(wù)器中轉(zhuǎn)是上策。 ? - Q: 實(shí)踐中哪種類型的NAT更多一些？ ? A: 有時(shí)候應(yīng)用只需要面對大多數(shù)用戶即可，無需嚴(yán)格考慮所有情況，則需要參考實(shí)踐中的NAT類型比例； ? ? ?這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)我沒有實(shí)際調(diào)查過，但結(jié)合網(wǎng)絡(luò)上提供的資料，目前大多數(shù)NAT都屬于cone的，不是symmetric的；但典型的sysmmetric仍然存在，比如可能有： ? ? ?- 安全要求較高的內(nèi)部專屬網(wǎng)/局域網(wǎng) ? ? ?- 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與EGDE網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與3G網(wǎng)之間 ? ? ? - Q: Symmetric NAT 的穿透狀況到底如何？ ? A: 可以穿透，但不是100%成功；那么如何提高成功率呢？ http://www.goto.info.waseda.ac.jp/~wei/file/wei-apan-v10.pdf? ? ? ?這篇很早的文章顯示他們的辦法可以達(dá)到99%的NAT穿透率，高于當(dāng)時(shí)SKYPE的46% 。其中的難點(diǎn)，主要在于不斷變化的端口映射，導(dǎo)致mapping address無法穩(wěn)定下來用于兩個(gè)peer的通信。 ? ? 6 輔助工具 ? 在線NAT類型檢測 nattest.net.in.tum.de ? ? 從外部測試本地端口是否可訪問 http://canyouseeme.org/?
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