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設(shè)計圖文626

摘? 要【快速瀏覽摘要】單片微型計算機簡稱單片機。它是把組成微型計算機的各功能部件：中央處理器、CPU、隨機存取存儲器RAM、只讀存儲器ROM、I/O接口電路、定時器/計數(shù)器以及串行通信接口等制作在一塊集成芯片中，構(gòu)成一個完整的微型計算機。單片機主要應用于控制領(lǐng)域，由于其具有可靠性高、體積小、價格低、易于產(chǎn)品化等特點，因而在智能儀器儀表、實時工業(yè)控制、智能終端、通信設(shè)備、導航系統(tǒng)、家用電器等自控領(lǐng)域獲得廣泛應用^[1]。步進電機是一種能將電脈沖信號轉(zhuǎn)換成角位移或線位移的機電元件,實質(zhì)上是一種數(shù)字/角度轉(zhuǎn)換器步進電機控制系統(tǒng)主要由步進控制器,功率放大器及步進電機等組成.步進控制器由緩沖寄存器,環(huán)形分配器,控制邏輯及正,反轉(zhuǎn)控制門等組成,能把輸入的脈沖轉(zhuǎn)換成環(huán)形脈沖,以便控制步進電機,并能進行正反向控制.但由于步進控制器線路復雜.成本高.采用單片機控制,用軟件代替上述步進控制器,使得線路簡單,成本低,可靠性大大增加,靈活改變步進電機的控制方案,無需邏輯電路組成時序發(fā)生器.軟件編程可靈活產(chǎn)生不同類型步進電機勵磁序列來控制各種步進電機的運行方式并可實現(xiàn)一臺單片機控制多臺電機.提供靈活多樣的控制手段和提高控制精度對復雜繁瑣的控制易于實現(xiàn),尤其在本系統(tǒng)中更顯示出微機控制的優(yōu)越性。本設(shè)計采用凌陽16 位單片機SPCE061A對步進電機進行控制，通過IO口輸出的具有時序的方波作為步進電機的控制信號，信號經(jīng)過芯片L298N驅(qū)動步進電機；同時，用 4X4的鍵盤來對電機的狀態(tài)進行控制，并用數(shù)碼管顯示電機的轉(zhuǎn)速，采用74LS164作為4位單個數(shù)碼管的顯示驅(qū)動，從單片機輸入信號；利用凌陽單片機的語音功能播報電機的轉(zhuǎn)速。【關(guān)鍵詞】：單片機步進電機?ABSTRACTThe single slice of microcomputers isabbreviated as the one-chip computer. It is every function part which makes upthe microcomputer: Central processing unit, CPU, arbitrary access memory RAM ,read-only memory ROM,, I/O interface circuit , timer / counter and serialcommunication interface ,etc. make in the integrated chip together, form anintact microcomputer. One-chip computer apply controlled field to mainly,because it have dependability high , small , price low , easy commercialization,etc. characteristic, therefore won extensive application in fields ofautomatic control such as intellectual instrument and apparatus , real-timeindustrial control , intelligent terminal , communication equipment , navigationsystem , household appliances ,etc.It is that one kind can change the electric pulse signal intoa electromechanical component of angle displacement or line displacement towalk into the electrical machinery, it is a kind of figure / angle converter thatis walked into the control system of the electrical machinery to mainly walkinto the controller in fact, power amplifier and walking into the electricalmachinery ,etc. make up . Walked into the controller to buffer the register ,the annular distributor, control logic and, overturn , control door ,etc. makeup , can change the pulse input into into an annular pulse , in order tocontrol , walk into electrical machinery , can carry on positive and negativeto control. But because walk into the controller circuit complicatedly. Withhigh costs. Adopt one-chip computer control , replace with software describedabove to walk into the controller , make the circuit simple, with low costs,dependability increases greatly, change the control scheme of walking into theelectrical machinery flexibly , do not need logical circuit to make up the timesequence generator . Software programming very flexible to produce , walk intoelectrical machinery excitation array come , control various operation way towalk into electrical machinery and can realize one machine control many sets ofelectrical machinery while being different kinds of. It is easy to realize tooffer the flexible control means and improving the precision of controlling tocomplicated and tedious control, demonstrate the superiority that the computercontrols especially in this system even more.Design , adopt , insult male genital 16one-chip computer SPCE061A towalk into electrical machinery control originally, square wave with timesequence as the control signal of walking into the electrical machinery throughwhat IO mouth is outputted, the signal drives and walks into the electricalmachinery through the chip L298N; Meanwhile , come state in electricalmachinery go on , control with keyboard of 4X4 , in charge of rotational speedto reveal electrical machinery with number, adopt 74LS164 urge as 4 singlenumber display that in charge of , from the input signal of the one-chipcomputer; Utilize the pronunciation function of insulting the open one-chipcomputer to report the rotational speed of the electrical machinery.Keyword: One-chip computer Walk into the electrical machinery

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第1章? 緒論

第2章? 方案論證比較設(shè)計

2.1單片機概述

2.2步進電機的工作原理

2.3單片機控制步進電機的設(shè)計思路

第3章? 控制系統(tǒng)的硬件電路設(shè)計

3.1SPCE061A的介紹

3.1.1 性能

3.1.2 結(jié)構(gòu)

3.1.3芯片的引腳排列和說明

3.1.4 SPCE061A單片機硬件結(jié)構(gòu)

3.1.5 μ’Nsp^TM的核心結(jié)構(gòu)

3.2步進電機的選擇

3.3 步進電機的驅(qū)動電路設(shè)計

3.4數(shù)碼管顯示電路的設(shè)計

3.54X4鍵盤電路的設(shè)計

第4章控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計

4.1 控制脈沖的產(chǎn)生

4.2 步進電機的旋轉(zhuǎn)方向和時序脈沖的關(guān)系

4.3 步數(shù)的確定

4.4 步進電機的變速控制

4.5 語音報數(shù)

第5章? 結(jié)論

參考文獻

致謝

附錄

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