時至今日，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上已有上千萬的惡意軟件橫行，上萬的駭客使用各種手段去欺騙容易受騙的網(wǎng)民。他們使用著數(shù)年或數(shù)十年內(nèi)慣用的攻擊手段，毫無新意的利用網(wǎng)名的懶惰、誤判及一些“純白癡”行為。

同時，每年反惡意軟件研究員在惡意軟件或者是惡意攻擊中都會遇到一些引人側(cè)目的技術(shù)，這些有靈感的技術(shù)在不斷擴展惡意攻擊的邊界，也導致越來越多的聰明人上當受騙。近日PCWorld對當今世界最常用的7個攻擊策略進行盤點，以下為譯文：

1. 虛假無線接入點
虛假WAP（wireless access point）已成為當今世界最容易完成攻擊的策略，任何人使用一些簡單的軟件及一張無線網(wǎng)卡都可以將其電腦偽裝成可用的WAP，然后將這個WAP連接到一個本地中現(xiàn)實、合法的WAP。

?試想一下你或者你的用戶每次在本地咖啡店、機場及公共聚集地使用的免費無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，在星巴克的駭客將其WAP起名為“Starbucks Wireless Network”，在亞特蘭大機場的駭客將其起名為“Atlanta Airport Free Wireless”，可以想象數(shù)分鐘之內(nèi)就有各行各業(yè)的人接入。

隨后駭客就可以輕易讀取這些未經(jīng)保護的數(shù)據(jù)流，如果你明白肯定會驚訝于這些數(shù)據(jù)的內(nèi)容，即使是密碼都是通過明文發(fā)送的。

更邪惡一點的攻擊者可能會要求用戶在其WAP上建立一個賬戶，糟糕的是，通常情況下用戶都會使用一個通用的用戶名或者是電子郵箱。隨后這些攻擊者就會使用這些通用的認證信息登錄一些常用網(wǎng)站，比如Facebook、Twitter、Amazon、iTunes等，而受害者對此卻是毫不知情。

經(jīng)驗教訓：你不可以相信公共的WAP，因為你的機密信息總是會通過這些WAP發(fā)送。嘗試使用一個VPN鏈接，它將保護你的通信，同樣也不要在一些公共或者私人站點上使用相同的認證信息。

2. 竊取cookie
瀏覽器cookie通過保存用戶“state”來提升用戶的網(wǎng)站瀏覽體驗，網(wǎng)站給通過給用戶主機發(fā)送這些小的文本來跟蹤用戶行為，大幅度方便用戶的相關(guān)操作。那么cookie又會給用戶帶來什么不好的方面？

?

當攻擊者竊取到用戶cookie后，他就可以通過這些文件來模仿用戶，通過其中的認證信息來登錄這些網(wǎng)站，這個策略已成為當下越來越頻繁的攻擊途徑。

不錯，竊取cookie可以追溯到Web的誕生，但是新的工具已經(jīng)發(fā)展到只需要敲擊空格就可以完成整個竊取過程；比如Firesheep，一個火狐瀏覽器附加組件，允許用戶來偷取別人的cookie。當與虛假WAP配合使用時，cookie的竊取將變得異常簡單。Firesheep可以顯示被發(fā)現(xiàn)cookie的名稱和位置，只需要簡單的敲擊鼠標，攻擊者就可以竊取到session（更多詳情請訪問Codebutler的博客“how easy it is to use Firesheep”）。

更糟糕的是，當下攻擊者甚至可以竊取通過SSL/TLS保護的cookie以及輕易的發(fā)現(xiàn)它們。在2011年9月，一個被創(chuàng)造者冠以“BEAST”之名的攻擊證實了SSL/TLS保護的cookie同樣可以被獲得。經(jīng)過這些天的提高和精煉后，其中包括CRIME，讓竊取及重用加密cookie變得更加簡單。

在每次cookie攻擊發(fā)布后，網(wǎng)站及應(yīng)用開發(fā)者都被告知如何去保護他們的用戶。有些時候這個問題的答案就是使用最新的加密技術(shù)，有些時候則是關(guān)閉一些人們不常使用的特性。問題的關(guān)鍵在于所有Web開發(fā)者必須使用安全的開發(fā)技術(shù)去減少cookie竊取。如果你的站點已經(jīng)數(shù)年沒有更新加密技術(shù)，風險隨之產(chǎn)生。

經(jīng)驗教訓：即使加密的cookie仍然存在被竊取的可能，連接使用安全開發(fā)并經(jīng)常更新加密技術(shù)的網(wǎng)站。你的HTTPS網(wǎng)站同樣需要使用最新的加密技術(shù)，包括TLS Version 1.2。

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