sqlServer?? 基礎(chǔ)知識

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備份數(shù)據(jù)庫：

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還原數(shù)據(jù)庫：

USE [master] GO/****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[RestoreDB] Script Date: 01/18/2018 12:13:53 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GOSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GOCREATE proc [dbo].[RestoreDB] @Dbname varchar(200)='', @path varchar(500), @id int as--1 殺死其他進(jìn)程 DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(MAX); SET @SQL='' SELECT @SQL=@SQL+'; KILL '+RTRIM(SPID) FROM master..sysprocesses WHERE dbid=DB_ID(@Dbname); EXEC(@SQL);--2 修改為單用戶 exec('ALTER DATABASE '+@Dbname+' SET SINGLE_USER;')create table ##target_db_backups([bak_id] [int] NOT NULL,[bak_address] [nvarchar](300) NOT NULL,[bak_date] [datetime] NOT NULL,[remarks] [nvarchar](300) NOT NULL,[account_id] [int] NOT NULL,[last_restore_date] [datetime] NULL) --3 備份 XXX --4 存檔日志--> exec('insert into ##target_db_backups select * from '+@Dbname+'.dbo.Sys_Backups;')--5 還原---- exec(';restore database '+@Dbname+' from disk = '''+@path+''' WITH REPLACE;') --6 恢復(fù)日志 exec('truncate table '+@Dbname+'.dbo.Sys_Backups;') exec('insert into '+@Dbname+'.dbo.Sys_Backups select * from ##target_db_backups;') exec('drop table ##target_db_backups;') --7 更新日志 exec('update '+@Dbname+'.dbo.Sys_Backups set last_restore_date=GETDATE() where bak_id='+@id+';') --8 恢復(fù)主鍵表 exec('update '+@Dbname+'.dbo.FW_Squence set svalue=(select max(bak_id) from '+@Dbname+'.dbo.Sys_Backups) where skey=''sys_backups''') --9 切換到多用戶 exec('ALTER DATABASE '+@Dbname+' SET MULTI_USER;')GO

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創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫 1

創(chuàng)建表 2

備份表 3

刪除表 4

修改表 5

查詢出重復(fù)的數(shù)據(jù) 6

增刪改查 7

添加約束 8

分頁存儲過程 9

排序 10

類型轉(zhuǎn)換 11

表連接 12

事務(wù) 13

獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫信息 14

sql函數(shù) 15?

游標(biāo) 16

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use Books --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫 1 create database BookShop on ( name='BookShop.mdf', filename='E:\Data\BookShop.mdf', size=10mb, maxsize=1024MB, filegrowth =10% ) log on ( name='BookShop_log.ldf', filename='E:\Data\BookShop_log.ldf' ) use bookshop go ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------創(chuàng)建表 2 ----------一一個(gè)主鍵 create table Users ( Id int identity(1,1) primary key(Id), UName nvarchar(50) not null, UPwd varchar(50) not null, UDelFlag int not null,) go--------------組合主鍵 create table Users1 ( UName nvarchar(50) not null, UName1 nvarchar(50) not null, primary key(UName,UName1), UPwd varchar(50) not null, UDelFlag int not null,) go ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------備份表 3 --------新表不存在，在復(fù)制的時(shí)候，自動創(chuàng)建新表 select * into newStudent from student; --------新表存在，在復(fù)制之前，表必須建好,注意：創(chuàng)建的新表主鍵必須不是自動增長，否則報(bào)錯 insert into newStudent select * from student; --------復(fù)制表結(jié)構(gòu) select top 0,* into newstudnet form student; --效率比下面效率高，優(yōu)先使用 select * into newstudnet form student where 1<>1;-效率低 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------刪除表 4--刪除表中的所有數(shù)據(jù)，表還在，主鍵自增不變 delete from Users; --刪除表，表不存在 drop table Users; --刪除表中所有數(shù)據(jù)，主鍵自增重置默認(rèn)值，不觸發(fā)delete觸發(fā)器，速度快 truncate table Users; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------修改表 5 -------------------------手動（增刪）一列，及修改數(shù)據(jù)類型 --增加一列 alter table Users add URegistTime datetime; --刪除一列 alter table Users drop column URegistTme; --修改某列的數(shù)據(jù)類型 alter table Users alter column URegistTime datetime;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------查詢出重復(fù)的數(shù)據(jù) 6 select Name from Users group by Name having count(Name) > 1; --------------------------------------------刪除重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)，保留一條，某個(gè)字段數(shù)據(jù)重復(fù) --刪除主鍵小的，保留大的 delete from Grade where grade in (select Grade, from Grade group by Grade having count(*)>1) and id not in (select min(Id) from Grade group by Grade having count(Grade)>1) --備份表的方式,刪除重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)，保留重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)的一條，這是指的記錄重復(fù)，而不是僅僅某個(gè)字段重復(fù) select distinct * into Users1 from Users drop table Users ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------增刪改查 7 --插入 insert into Users( UName, UPwd,UDelFlag) values( '李四','lisi',0) ----------一次插入多條數(shù)據(jù) insert into Score( Name, Score) select '6',110 union all select '7',120 Union all select'8',130 Union all select '9',140Union all select '10',150 --刪除 delete from Users where Id=2 --修改 update Users set UName='張三' where Id=1 -----------------------------------------------------------查詢 select * from users--簡單查詢 ----------------------------------------縱表轉(zhuǎn)橫表查詢 select Name ,sum(case Course when '語文' then Score else 0 end) as 語文 ,sum(case Course when '數(shù)學(xué)' then Score else 0 end) as 數(shù)學(xué) ,sum(case Course when '英語' then Score else 0 end) as 英語 from Test group by Name----------------------------------------橫表轉(zhuǎn)縱表查詢 select Name as 姓名,'語文' as 科目,Chineses as 分?jǐn)?shù) from Test1 union all select Name as 姓名,'數(shù)學(xué)' as 科目,Math as 分?jǐn)?shù) from Test1 union all select Name as 姓名,'英語' as 科目,English as 分?jǐn)?shù) from Test1 go ---------------------分頁查詢 select top 2 * from Users where Id not in (select top (2 * 3) Id from Users order by Id) order by Id go---------------------------------子查詢--獨(dú)立子查詢,切記：子查詢的結(jié)果只能是一個(gè)值 --一個(gè)表 select * from Score where Name=(select Name from Score where Score=80 ) select * from Score where Name in(select Name from Score where Score=80 ) select * from Score where Name not in(select Name from Score where Score=80 ) --兩個(gè)表 select * from Score where Name in (select Name from Grade where name='2' or Name='3') select * from Score where Name not in (select Name from Grade where name='2' or Name='3') --相關(guān)子查詢 select * from Score as s where exists(select Name from Grade as g where s.Name=g.Name and g.Name='2') select * from Score as s where not exists(select Name from Grade as g where s.Name=g.Name and g.Name='2')--------------------帶條件查詢 --between and 已優(yōu)化，效率高，優(yōu)先使用； id>2 and id<4 select * from UserInfo where Id between 2 and 4 --in ;id=1 or id=2 or id=3 select * from UserInfo where Id in(1,2,3) --------------------模糊查詢(主要針對字符串操作) --通配符：_ 、 % 、 [] 、 ^ --like , not like --只能匹配一個(gè)任意字符 select * from UserInfo where UName like '張_王'; --匹配單個(gè)字符王字的，只有一個(gè)字符 select * from UserInfo where UName like '王'; --匹配后面以王字結(jié)尾的 select * from UserInfo where UName like '%王'; --匹配前面以王字開頭的 select * from UserInfo where UName like '王%'; --匹配包含王字的 select * from UserInfo where UName like '%王%'; --只能匹配一個(gè)字符 ,必須是：a-z,0-9 select * from UserInfo where UName like '[王]'; --不像 select * from UserInfo where UName like '[^張]';----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------添加約束 8--主鍵約束（一個(gè)主鍵） alter table Users add constraint PK_Users primary key(Id);--主鍵約束(組合主鍵) alter table Users add constraint PK_Users primary key(UName,UName1);--外鍵約束 alter table Users add constraint FK_Users foreign key(UsersInfoId) references UsersInfo(UsersInfoId); --非空約束 alter table Users alter column UPwd varchar(50) not null ; --唯一約束 alter table Users add constraint UQ_Users unique(UName); --默認(rèn)約束alter table Users add constraint DK_Users default(getdate()) for UTime;--時(shí)間默認(rèn)值alter table Users add constraint DK_Users default(0) for age;--年齡默認(rèn)值------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------分頁存儲過程 9create procedure usp_GetPage --當(dāng)前頁碼 @pageIndex int, --每頁條數(shù) @pageSize int, --總頁碼數(shù) @pageCount int output as begin set @pageCount=(ceiling((select count(*) from Users)*1.0/@pageSize)); select * from (select ROW_NUMBER() over(order by Id asc) as num,* from Users)as u where u.num between @pageSize*(@pageIndex-1)+1 and @pageSize*@pageIndex end declare @count int exec usp_GetPage 11,10,@count output-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------排序 10 --order by 子句位于SELECT語句的末尾，帶where的放在where的后面,默認(rèn)是asc排序， --可以根據(jù)多個(gè)列排序,前提是,第一個(gè)列都一樣時(shí),則會以第二個(gè)列排序 select * from UserInfo order by Age desc --帶where select * from UserInfo where age<20 order by Age desc --沒有出現(xiàn)在GROUP BY子句中的列是不能放到SELECT語句后的列名列表中的 （聚合函數(shù)中除外） select UName from UserInfo group by UName --having 相當(dāng)于where 對分組后，但賽選的列必須是分組的列，才能進(jìn)行賽選，必須放在 group by 后面 select UName from UserInfo group by UName having UName='張三'---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------類型轉(zhuǎn)換 11 --cast 類型轉(zhuǎn)換 select cast('張三' as varchar); --轉(zhuǎn)換成int,然后可以進(jìn)行運(yùn)算 select cast(right('5',3) as int); select cast(right('5',3) as int)+1; select cast(right('5',3) as int)-1; select cast(right('5',3) as int)*5; select cast(right('5',3) as int)/5; --convert 將日期轉(zhuǎn)換成指定格式的字符串 select convert(varchar(50),getdate(),120);-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------表連接 12 --內(nèi)聯(lián) select Grade,Score.Score from Grade inner join Score on Score.Name=Grade.Name --左外聯(lián) select Grade,Score.Score from Grade left join Score on Grade.Name=Score.Name --右外聯(lián) select Grade,Score.Score from Score right join Grade on Score.Name=Grade.Name-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------事務(wù) 13 declare @sumError int=0 --錯誤 --打開事務(wù) begin transaction update score set score=score+1 where id=1 set @sumError=@sumError+@@ERROR update score set score=score-1 where id=10 set @sumError=@sumError+@@ERROR if(@sumError>0) begin --事務(wù)回滾 rollback transaction end --事務(wù)提交 commit transaction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫信息 14-------------------------------------------------------------通過視圖獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫信息，表信息，字段信息 --字段類型：xtype=編號，如忘記可以通過 select*from syscolumns或者select * from systypes 查看--查看數(shù)據(jù)庫中的所有類型對應(yīng)的信息select * from systypes 34 image 35 text 36 uniqueidentifier 48 tinyint 52 smallint 56 int 58 smalldatetime 59 real 60 money 61 datetime 62 float 98 sql_variant 99 ntext 104 bit 106 decimal 108 numeric 122 smallmoney 127 bigint 165 varbinary 167 varchar 173 binary 175 char 189 timestamp 231 sysname 231 nvarchar 239 nchar ---------------------------------------------查詢服務(wù)器--遠(yuǎn)程連接數(shù)據(jù)庫 select * from opendatasource('SQLOLEDB','Data Source=遠(yuǎn)程ip;User ID=sa;Password=密碼').庫名.dbo.表名--查詢所有的用戶 islogin='1'表示帳戶 islogin='0'表示角色 status='2'表示用戶帳戶 status='0'表示糸統(tǒng)帳戶select * from sys.sysusers--查詢出所有的數(shù)據(jù)庫,statusselect * from master..sysdatabases --查詢出所有的表,根據(jù)需求篩選;xtyep='u'select *from sysobjects --查詢出去表中所有字段，根據(jù)需求篩選：idselect*from syscolumns--指定的表名中的所有字段select * from syscolumns where id = object_id('grade') --主鍵select * from syscolumns where id = object_id('grade') and colstat = 1-------------------------------------------------通過存儲過程獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫信息，表信息，字段信息 --獲取所有數(shù)據(jù)庫名 exec sp_databases --獲取所有的表名,當(dāng)前選中的表名 exec sp_tables --獲取表中所有字段名 exec sp_columns books-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------sql函數(shù) 15 -----------------------------------------------------聚合函數(shù) --總數(shù) select count(Age) as 總數(shù) from UserInfo --和 select 和= sum(Age) from UserInfo --最大 select max(Age)as 最大值 from UserInfo --最小 select min(Age) as 最小值 from UserInfo --平均值 select avg(Age) as 平均值 from UserInfo-------------------------------------------------------日期函數(shù) --當(dāng)前時(shí)間 select getdate(); --指定部分 select datepart(month,getdate()); --返回指定部分的===上面的 year(),month(),day(),hour(),minute(),second(); --為指定的時(shí)間進(jìn)行加值，減值操作 select dateadd(MONTH,3,getdate()); --時(shí)間差 select datediff(MONTH,getdate(),getdate());----------------------------------------------------字符串函數(shù) --計(jì)算字符串字符個(gè)數(shù) select len('張立平'); --計(jì)算字符串所占字節(jié)數(shù)，一個(gè)漢字兩個(gè)字節(jié) select datalength('張三王五');--不是字符串函數(shù) --轉(zhuǎn)大寫 select upper('abc'); --轉(zhuǎn)小寫 select lower('ABC'); --去掉左邊的空格 select ltrim(' abcaba'); --去掉右邊的空格 select rtrim('abcaba '); --截取左邊的一個(gè)字符串 select left('abc',1) --截取右邊的一個(gè)字符串 select right('abc',1); --截取字符串的從指定位置開始，截取指定的字符個(gè)數(shù)，而不是字節(jié)個(gè)數(shù) select substring('張三李四王無為',1,3);-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------游標(biāo)(指針) 16 declare test_cursor3 cursor global--定義for select TJJLID,Id from PersonalInfo--查詢 open test_cursor3--打開游標(biāo) declare @tjjlid int--定義變量 declare @Id int--定義變量 while @@fetch_status=0 begin fetch next from test_cursor3 into @tjjlid,@Id--下一行 if not exists(select HBSAG from TJJL where Id=@tjjlid)--是否存在 UPDATE PersonalInfo SET HBSAG=3 where Id=@Id--修改 else UPDATE PersonalInfo SET HBSAG=(select HBSAG from TJJL where Id=@tjjlid) where Id=@Id--修改 end close test_cursor3--關(guān)閉游標(biāo) deallocate test_cursor3--釋放游標(biāo) View Code

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?跨數(shù)據(jù)庫備份表：

錯誤：消息 15281，級別 16，狀態(tài) 1，第 1 行
SQL Server 阻止了對組件“Ad Hoc Distributed Queries”的 STATEMENT“OpenRowset/OpenDatasource”的訪問，因?yàn)榇私M件已作為此服務(wù)器安全配置的一部分而被關(guān)閉。系統(tǒng)管理員可以通過使用 sp_configure 啟用“Ad Hoc Distributed Queries”。有關(guān)啟用“Ad Hoc Distributed Queries”的詳細(xì)信息，請搜索 SQL Server 聯(lián)機(jī)叢書中的“Ad Hoc Distributed Queries”。

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前兩行意思是：開啟權(quán)限：

后兩句意思是：關(guān)閉權(quán)限；

exec sp_configure 'show advanced options',1 reconfigure exec sp_configure 'Ad Hoc Distributed Queries',1 RECONFIGURESELECT * into cbeosm.dbo.FW_Squence from openrowset ('SQLOLEDB' , '192.168.1.240' ; 'sa' ; '123' ,cbeosm.dbo.FW_Squence)SELECT * FROM cbeosm.dbo.FW_Squenceexec sp_configure 'Ad Hoc Distributed Queries',0 reconfigure exec sp_configure 'show advanced options',0 reconfigure

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整理未完成，那里有不正確的，或者有更好的方法，請?jiān)u論，內(nèi)容僅供初學(xué)者參考。謝謝！

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轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/zlp520/p/3552129.html

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