[python]代碼庫from urllib.request import urlopen

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

from urllib.parse import urlparse

import re

import random

import datetime

#采集一個網站所有的外鏈

pages = set()

random.seed(datetime.datetime.now())

allExtLinks = set()

allIntLinks = set()

def getAllExternalLinks(siteUrl):

html = urlopen(siteUrl)

bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html,'html.parser')

internalLinks = getInternaLinks(bsObj,splitAddress(siteUrl)[0]) # 獲得所有內鏈

externalLinks = getExternalLinks(bsObj, splitAddress(siteUrl)[0]) # 獲得所有外鏈

for link in externalLinks:

if link not in allExtLinks: # 如果此外鏈沒被記錄在allExtLinks集合里

allExtLinks.add(link) # 將此外鏈放入集合

print('外鏈：'+link)

for link in internalLinks:

if link not in allIntLinks:

print("即將獲取鏈接的URL是：" + link)

allIntLinks.add(link)

getAllExternalLinks(link)

# 獲取頁面所有內鏈的列表

def getInternaLinks(bsObj,includeUrl):

internalLinks = []

#找出所有以/開頭的鏈接

for link in bsObj.findAll('a',href = re.compile("^(/"+includeUrl+")")):

if link.attrs['href'] is not None: # 如果此鏈接包含href屬性

if link.attrs['href'] not in internalLinks: # 如果此鏈接沒有被放進internalLinks列表

internalLinks.append(link.attrs['href'])

return internalLinks

# 獲取頁面的所有外鏈列表

def getExternalLinks(bsObj,excludeUrl):

externalLinks = []

for link in bsObj.findAll('a',href = re.compile('^(http|www)((?!'+excludeUrl+').)*$')):# 找出所有以www或http開頭且不包含當前url的鏈接

if link.attrs['href'] is not None: # 如果此鏈接包含href屬性

if link.attrs['href'] not in externalLinks: # 如果此鏈接沒有被放進externalLinks列表

externalLinks.append(link.attrs['href'])

return externalLinks

def splitAddress(address):

addressParts = address.replace("http://","").split("/") # replace，表示在address中用空字符串替換http:// addressParts得到['www.oreilly.com','']

return addressParts

def getRandomExternalLink(startingPage):

html = urlopen(startingPage)

bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html,'html.parser')

externalLinks = getExternalLinks(bsObj,splitAddress(startingPage)[0]) # splitAddress(startingPage)[0]是www.oreilly.com

if len(externalLinks) == 0: # 如果在www.oreilly.com中沒找到外鏈

internalLinks = getInternaLinks(bsObj,startingPage) # 從www.oreilly.com獲取內鏈

return getInternaLinks(internalLinks[random.randint(0,len(internalLinks)-1)])

else:

return externalLinks[random.randint(0, len(externalLinks) - 1)]

def followExternalOnly(startingSite):

externalLink = getRandomExternalLink(startingSite)

print("隨機外鏈是："+externalLink)

followExternalOnly(externalLink)

# followExternalOnly("http://oreilly.com/")

#getInternaLinks()

getAllExternalLinks("http://oreilly.com")

[代碼運行效果截圖]

總結

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