react-redux源码解析
有理解不對的地方,歡迎大家指正?。?!
react為什么需要redux輔助???react是view層的單向數據流框架,數據需要一層一層往子組件傳遞(子組件并不會自動繼承)。子組件需要操作父組件的數據時,需要父組件給子組件傳遞一個方法,子組件調用該方法才能改變父組件的數據。如果組件的層次太深會這種傳遞會很繁瑣,令代碼沉余。用redux能很好解決這個問題,redux+react-redux可以使一個容器內的數據通過this.props共享,避免了一層層傳遞數據繁瑣的操作。
redux使用了純函數寫法,這種編程模式就是函數式編程(簡稱:fb)。
redux主要分為三部分:store,actions,reducer;
store:有三個主要方法(dispatch、subscribe、getState);
1.createStore(reducer,initState)創建一個store樹
2.subscribe監聽事件,執行查詢操作時需要做的其他事情
3.dispatch發布事件,主要負責執行監聽的事件隊列與執行查詢數據操作
4.getState獲取查詢的結果
action:相當于一個小型的數據庫,保存需要操作的數據。以action.type做主鍵,每條數據都使用函數包裹保證獨立的作用域,通過reducer查詢數據寫入store;
定義action里面的數據如下:
export let add=function(){
return {
type:"ADD",
}
}
export let cut=function(){
return {
type:"CUT",
}
}
export let getValue=function(value){
return {
type:"VALUE",
value:value,
}
}
reducer:主要負責篩選查詢的數據更新給store,reducer一般用switch實現,但是redux本身沒有這種要求。用狀態模式來完成這項任務會更加完美:
function(state,action){
var data={
"ADD":{
value:state.value+1,
},
"CUT":{
value:state.value-1,
},
"VALUE":{
value:action.value,
},
"DEFAULT":{
value:0,
}
}
return data[action.type||"DEFAULT"];
}
這種寫法是不是更直觀呢???
rudex使用了大量的設計模式比較,如:裝飾者模式(包裝),工廠模式,橋接模式,代理模式,觀察者模式。
裝飾者模式:包裝的action、dispatch、createStore,擴展本身,滿足需求,不改變原有的代碼;
工廠模式:action包裝器也是一個工廠,通過該方法生產新的action;
代理模式:applyMiddleware返回一個方法(該方法就是個代理)取需要的createStore方法;
橋接模式:isPlainObject通過連接isHostObject與isObjectLike方法來完成新的驗證功能;
觀察者模式:通過subscribe添加監聽事件隊列,dispatch執行事件隊列與更新state;
模塊1:模塊1并沒有什么好介紹的,主體就一個compose方法為模塊5的applyMiddleware方法服務,作用是把applyMiddleware的參數串聯執行,最后返回包裝的dispatch。
/* 1 */
/***/ function(module, exports) {
"use strict";
exports.__esModule = true;
exports["default"] = compose;
/**
* Composes single-argument functions from right to left.
*
* @param {...Function} funcs The functions to compose.
* @returns {Function} A function obtained by composing functions from right to
* left. For example, compose(f, g, h) is identical to arg => f(g(h(arg))).
*/
//compose為模塊5的applyMiddleware方法服務,把applyMiddleware的參數串聯執行返回包裝的dispatch
function compose() {
//復制參數
for (var _len = arguments.length, funcs = Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {
funcs[_key] = arguments[_key];
}return function () {
if (funcs.length === 0) {
return arguments.length <= 0 ? undefined : arguments[0];
}
var last = funcs[funcs.length - 1]; //最后一個參數
var rest = funcs.slice(0, -1); //除了最后一個參數外的所有參數 //從右到左串聯執行rest參數列表里的方法
return rest.reduceRight(function (composed, f) {
return f(composed);
}, last.apply(undefined, arguments));
}
/***/ },
模塊2:主體createStore方法,createStore方法里主要包括:subscribe--訂閱事件,dispatch---發布事件,getState---獲取狀態
其實他們做的事都很簡單:subscribe把接受方法(事件)push(入棧)進一個數組,dispatch被調用時則依次執行數組里的方法
/* 2 */
/***/ function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
'use strict';
exports.__esModule = true;
exports.ActionTypes = undefined;
exports["default"] = createStore;
var _isPlainObject = __webpack_require__(4);
var _isPlainObject2 = _interopRequireDefault(_isPlainObject);
//初始化
function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { "default": obj }; }
/**
* These are private action types reserved by Redux.
* For any unknown actions, you must return the current state.
* If the current state is undefined, you must return the initial state.
* Do not reference these action types directly in your code.
*/
var ActionTypes = exports.ActionTypes = {
INIT: '@@redux/INIT'
};
//創建store樹
function createStore(reducer, initialState, enhancer) { //參數匹配
if (typeof initialState === 'function' && typeof enhancer === 'undefined') {
enhancer = initialState;
initialState = undefined;
}
if (typeof enhancer !== 'undefined') {
if (typeof enhancer !== 'function') {
throw new Error('Expected the enhancer to be a function.');
}
//enhancer對createStore進行擴展
return enhancer(createStore)(reducer, initialState);
}
if (typeof reducer !== 'function') {
throw new Error('Expected the reducer to be a function.');
}
var currentReducer = reducer;
var currentState = initialState;
var currentListeners = []; //存儲事件隊列
var nextListeners = currentListeners; //存儲備份事件隊列
var isDispatching = false;
//備份事件隊列---此方法存在的意義:防止在隊列中操作事件隊列(對事件隊列增刪)導致數據混亂
function ensureCanMutateNextListeners() {
if (nextListeners === currentListeners) {
nextListeners = currentListeners.slice();
}
}
//獲取state
function getState() {
return currentState;
}
//訂閱事件
function subscribe(listener) {
if (typeof listener !== 'function') {
throw new Error('Expected listener to be a function.');
}
//保證事件只能被卸載一次
var isSubscribed = true;
ensureCanMutateNextListeners();
nextListeners.push(listener);
//閉包緩存正在監聽的事件,可以通過:var unsub=subscribe(listener); unsub()來卸載此事件
return function unsubscribe() {
if (!isSubscribed) {
return;
}
isSubscribed = false;
//備份事件隊列再進行卸載操作
ensureCanMutateNextListeners();
var index = nextListeners.indexOf(listener);
nextListeners.splice(index, 1);
};
}
//發布事件
function dispatch(action) {
//檢測action是否是字面量對象
if (!(0, _isPlainObject2["default"])(action)) {
throw new Error('Actions must be plain objects. ' + 'Use custom middleware for async actions.');
}
if (typeof action.type === 'undefined') {
throw new Error('Actions may not have an undefined "type" property. ' + 'Have you misspelled a constant?');
}
if (isDispatching) {
throw new Error('Reducers may not dispatch actions.');
}
try {
isDispatching = true;
//執行reducer更新state
currentState = currentReducer(currentState, action);
} finally {
isDispatching = false;
}
//同步事件隊列---執行最新的事件隊列
var listeners = currentListeners = nextListeners;
for (var i = 0; i < listeners.length; i++) {
listeners[i]();
}
return action;
}
//替換reducer
function replaceReducer(nextReducer) {
if (typeof nextReducer !== 'function') {
throw new Error('Expected the nextReducer to be a function.');
}
currentReducer = nextReducer;
dispatch({ type: ActionTypes.INIT });
}
//初始化state
dispatch({ type: ActionTypes.INIT });
return {
dispatch: dispatch,
subscribe: subscribe,
getState: getState,
replaceReducer: replaceReducer
};
}
/***/ },
模塊4:模塊3很簡單就此跳過,咱們進入模塊4。模塊4也比較簡單主體:isPlainObject方法主要是檢測是否是字面量對象或者是直接實例化Object構造函數的實例對象
/* 4 */
/***/ function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
var isHostObject = __webpack_require__(8),
isObjectLike = __webpack_require__(9);
/** `Object#toString` result references. */
var objectTag = '[object Object]';
/** Used for built-in method references. */
var objectProto = Object.prototype;
/** Used to resolve the decompiled source of functions. */
var funcToString = Function.prototype.toString;
/** Used to infer the `Object` constructor. */
var objectCtorString = funcToString.call(Object);
/**
* Used to resolve the [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
* of values.
*/
var objectToString = objectProto.toString;
/** Built-in value references. */
var getPrototypeOf = Object.getPrototypeOf;
/**
* Checks if `value` is a plain object, that is, an object created by the
* `Object` constructor or one with a `[[Prototype]]` of `null`.
*
* @static
* @memberOf _
* @category Lang
* @param {*} value The value to check.
* @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
* @example
*
* function Foo() {
* this.a = 1;
* }
*
* _.isPlainObject(new Foo);
* // => false
*
* _.isPlainObject([1, 2, 3]);
* // => false
*
* _.isPlainObject({ 'x': 0, 'y': 0 });
* // => true
*
* _.isPlainObject(Object.create(null));
* // => true
*/
//判斷是否由Object直接構造出來的實例
function isPlainObject(value) {
if (!isObjectLike(value) || objectToString.call(value) != objectTag || isHostObject(value)) {
return false;
}
var proto = objectProto;
if (typeof value.constructor == 'function') {
proto = getPrototypeOf(value);
}
//參數的構造函數時function且原型是null
if (proto === null) {
return true;
}
var Ctor = proto.constructor;
return (typeof Ctor == 'function' &&
Ctor instanceof Ctor && funcToString.call(Ctor) == objectCtorString);
}
module.exports = isPlainObject;
/***/ },
模塊5:此模塊的邏輯比較復雜,但是實現的東西卻很簡單:包裝了createStore方法與createStore里的dispatch方法,使dispath支持異步?! pplyMiddleware參數是redux提供的兩個中間件:redux-thunks、redux-logger,兩個中間件提供方法對dispatch進行包裝?! ?/pre>/* 5 */ /***/ function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { 'use strict'; var _extends = Object.assign || function (target) { for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) { var source = arguments[i]; for (var key in source) { if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) { target[key] = source[key]; } } } return target; }; exports.__esModule = true; exports["default"] = applyMiddleware; var _compose = __webpack_require__(1); var _compose2 = _interopRequireDefault(_compose); function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { "default": obj }; } //包裝createStore與dispatch function applyMiddleware() { for (var _len = arguments.length, middlewares = Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) { middlewares[_key] = arguments[_key]; } return function (createStore) { //返回一個包裝的createStore return function (reducer, initialState, enhancer) { var store = createStore(reducer, initialState, enhancer); var _dispatch = store.dispatch; var chain = []; var middlewareAPI = { getState: store.getState, dispatch: function dispatch(action) { return _dispatch(action); } }; //34-38行的代碼原型:thunkMiddleware(middlewareAPI)(createLogger()(middlewareAPI)(dispatch))返回被包裝的dispatch。thunkMiddleware與createLogger分別是redux-thunks、redux-logger中間件提供的 chain = middlewares.map(function (middleware) { return middleware(middlewareAPI); }) _dispatch = _compose2["default"].apply(undefined, chain)(store.dispatch); //將包裝好的dispatch寫入store return _extends({}, store, { dispatch: _dispatch }); }; }; }對dispatch進行了怎樣的包裝呢???其實只是添加了一條判斷語句,這條判斷語句有什么作用?很簡單!如果是方法則執行該方法,否則執行dispath更新state。
為什么需要這樣做?因為當你在action存放一些不需要立即更新state的動作(如異步請求),單純的action是無法滿足的(因為dispatch后就會馬上更新state),
所以需要對dispatch進行包裝。包裝后怎么使用dispath呢?之前的功能一樣可以使用,需要用到異步的時候你可以返回一個方法,在這個方法里面執行真正的dispatch
可以這樣定義action里的方法如:
export let add=function(){
return {
type:"ADD",
}
}
export let request=function(){
return function(dispatch){
$.ajax({
type:"post",
url:"baidu.com",
success:function(){
dispatch(action());
}
})
}
}redux-thunks模塊里的thunkMiddleware方法源碼:function thunkMiddleware(_ref) { var dispatch = _ref.dispatch; var getState = _ref.getState; //next===createLogger()(middlewareAPI)(dispatch)執行了這個方法 return function (next) { //返回一個包裝的dispacth return function (action) { if (typeof action === 'function') { return action(dispatch, getState); } return next(action); //由于閉包next一直存在于包裝的dispatch里,next其實是一個普通的dispatch,雖然經過了createLogger方法(redux-logger里面內置的一個方法)的包裝, 但是主要作用與createStore定義時的dispatch方法是一樣的 }; }; }模塊6:把action與dispatch方法綁定在一起,即把每個action包裝著一個dispatch方法,然后執行action時就會自動dispath
/* 6 */ /***/ function(module, exports) { 'use strict'; exports.__esModule = true; exports["default"] = bindActionCreators; //包裝器---返回一個自動執行dispatch的方法 function bindActionCreator(actionCreator, dispatch) { return function () { return dispatch(actionCreator.apply(undefined, arguments)); }; } function bindActionCreators(actionCreators, dispatch) { if (typeof actionCreators === 'function') { return bindActionCreator(actionCreators, dispatch); } //判斷是否是對象,不是對象則報錯 if (typeof actionCreators !== 'object' || actionCreators === null) { throw new Error('bindActionCreators expected an object or a function, instead received ' + (actionCreators === null ? 'null' : typeof actionCreators) + '. ' + 'Did you write "import ActionCreators from" instead of "import * as ActionCreators from"?'); } //獲取鍵名數組 var keys = Object.keys(actionCreators); var boundActionCreators = {}; for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) { var key = keys[i]; var actionCreator = actionCreators[key]; if (typeof actionCreator === 'function') { //收集包裝器返回的新的action方法 boundActionCreators[key] = bindActionCreator(actionCreator, dispatch); } } return boundActionCreators; }模塊7:執行reducers返回state/* 7 */ /***/ function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) { 'use strict'; exports.__esModule = true; exports["default"] = combineReducers; var _createStore = __webpack_require__(2); var _isPlainObject = __webpack_require__(4); var _isPlainObject2 = _interopRequireDefault(_isPlainObject); var _warning = __webpack_require__(3); var _warning2 = _interopRequireDefault(_warning); function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { "default": obj }; } function getUndefinedStateErrorMessage(key, action) { var actionType = action && action.type; var actionName = actionType && '"' + actionType.toString() + '"' || 'an action'; return 'Reducer "' + key + '" returned undefined handling ' + actionName + '. ' + 'To ignore an action, you must explicitly return the previous state.'; } function getUnexpectedStateShapeWarningMessage(inputState, reducers, action) { var reducerKeys = Object.keys(reducers); var argumentName = action && action.type === _createStore.ActionTypes.INIT ? 'initialState argument passed to createStore' : 'previous state received by the reducer'; if (reducerKeys.length === 0) { return 'Store does not have a valid reducer. Make sure the argument passed ' + 'to combineReducers is an object whose values are reducers.'; } if (!(0, _isPlainObject2["default"])(inputState)) { return 'The ' + argumentName + ' has unexpected type of "' + {}.toString.call(inputState).match(/\s([a-z|A-Z]+)/)[1] + '". Expected argument to be an object with the following ' + ('keys: "' + reducerKeys.join('", "') + '"'); } var unexpectedKeys = Object.keys(inputState).filter(function (key) { return !reducers.hasOwnProperty(key); }); if (unexpectedKeys.length > 0) { return 'Unexpected ' + (unexpectedKeys.length > 1 ? 'keys' : 'key') + ' ' + ('"' + unexpectedKeys.join('", "') + '" found in ' + argumentName + '. ') + 'Expected to find one of the known reducer keys instead: ' + ('"' + reducerKeys.join('", "') + '". Unexpected keys will be ignored.'); } } //初始化reducers并檢測時候會出錯 function assertReducerSanity(reducers) { Object.keys(reducers).forEach(function (key) { var reducer = reducers[key]; var initialState = reducer(undefined, { type: _createStore.ActionTypes.INIT }); if (typeof initialState === 'undefined') { throw new Error('Reducer "' + key + '" returned undefined during initialization. ' + 'If the state passed to the reducer is undefined, you must ' + 'explicitly return the initial state. The initial state may ' + 'not be undefined.'); } var type = '@@redux/PROBE_UNKNOWN_ACTION_' + Math.random().toString(36).substring(7).split('').join('.'); if (typeof reducer(undefined, { type: type }) === 'undefined') { throw new Error('Reducer "' + key + '" returned undefined when probed with a random type. ' + ('Don\'t try to handle ' + _createStore.ActionTypes.INIT + ' or other actions in "redux/*" ') + 'namespace. They are considered private. Instead, you must return the ' + 'current state for any unknown actions, unless it is undefined, ' + 'in which case you must return the initial state, regardless of the ' + 'action type. The initial state may not be undefined.'); } }); } function combineReducers(reducers) { var reducerKeys = Object.keys(reducers); var finalReducers = {}; //過濾參數---把reducers里的方法放進finalReducers for (var i = 0; i < reducerKeys.length; i++) { var key = reducerKeys[i]; if (typeof reducers[key] === 'function') { finalReducers[key] = reducers[key]; } } var finalReducerKeys = Object.keys(finalReducers); var sanityError; try { assertReducerSanity(finalReducers); } catch (e) { sanityError = e; } //把state,action分發給每一個reducer,并執行返回新的state,如果state沒變化則返回原來的state return function combination() { var state = arguments.length <= 0 || arguments[0] === undefined ? {} : arguments[0]; var action = arguments[1]; if (sanityError) { throw sanityError; } if (true) { var warningMessage = getUnexpectedStateShapeWarningMessage(state, finalReducers, action); if (warningMessage) { (0, _warning2["default"])(warningMessage); } } var hasChanged = false; var nextState = {}; for (var i = 0; i < finalReducerKeys.length; i++) { var key = finalReducerKeys[i]; var reducer = finalReducers[key];//獲取一個reducer方法 var previousStateForKey = state[key]; //獲取上次的state var nextStateForKey = reducer(previousStateForKey, action);//執行reducer if (typeof nextStateForKey === 'undefined') { var errorMessage = getUndefinedStateErrorMessage(key, action); throw new Error(errorMessage); } nextState[key] = nextStateForKey; hasChanged = hasChanged || nextStateForKey !== previousStateForKey;//判斷上次的state與現在的state是否相等 } return hasChanged ? nextState : state; }; }模塊8:檢測ie9以下的宿主對象,即dom與bom,就不上源碼了
模塊9:檢測是否是對象
總結一下:
redux是不是很簡單?就那么幾個方法:createStore,subscribe,dispatch,getState,applyMiddleware,bindActionCreators,combineReducers。
createStore:創建store樹;
createStore->subscribe:訂閱事件,把監聽的執行的方法放進來,其實就是一個數組;
createStore->dispatch:發布,執行所有的監聽事件,且執行reducer更新state;
createStore->getState:獲取state;
applyMiddleware:包裝createStore與dispatch;
bindActionCreators:包裝所有的action方法,給每個action包裝一個dispatch方法,使執行action方法就會自動觸發dispatch方法
combineReducers:合并多個reducer;
總結
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