一、SpringMVC基礎入門，創建一個HelloWorld程序

1.首先，導入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

2.添加Web.xml配置文件中關于SpringMVC的配置 <!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping--><servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>

3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"> <!-- scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/> <!-- don't handle the static resource --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 前綴 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <!-- 后綴 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> </beans>

4.在WEB-INF文件夾下創建名為jsp的文件夾，用來存放jsp視圖。創建一個hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

6.編寫Controller代碼

@Controller @RequestMapping("/mvc") public class mvcController {@RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(){ return "hello"; } }

7.啟動服務器，鍵入?http://localhost:8080/項目名/mvc/hello

1.Dispatcherservlet

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　　DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。攔截匹配的請求，Servlet攔截匹配規則要自已定義，把攔截下來的請求，依據相應的規則分發到目標Controller來處理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

2.InternalResourceViewResolver

　　視圖名稱解析器

3.以上出現的注解

@Controller?負責注冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping?注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求

@Controller

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　　負責注冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping

　　注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求
@RequestBody

　 　該注解用于讀取Request請求的body部分數據，使用系統默認配置的HttpMessageConverter進行解析，然后把相應的數據綁定到 要返回的對象上?,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的對象數據綁定到 controller中方法的參數上

@ResponseBody

　　?該注解用于將Controller的方法返回的對象，通過適當的HttpMessageConverter轉換為指定格式后，寫入到Response對象的body數據區

@ModelAttribute?　　　

　　在方法定義上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在調用目標處理方法前，會先逐個調用在方法級上標注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

　　在方法的入參前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以從隱含對象中獲取隱含的模型數據中獲取對象，再將請求參數 –綁定到對象中，再傳入入參將方法入參對象添加到模型中?

@RequestParam　

　　在處理方法入參處使用 @RequestParam 可以把請求參 數傳遞給請求方法

@PathVariable

　　綁定 URL 占位符到入參
@ExceptionHandler

　　注解到方法上，出現異常時會執行該方法
@ControllerAdvice

　　使一個Contoller成為全局的異常處理類，類中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以處理所有Controller發生的異常

//match automatically@RequestMapping("/person")public String toPerson(String name,double age){ System.out.println(name+" "+age); return "hello"; }

1.編寫一個Person實體類

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package test.SpringMVC.model;public class Person {public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } private String name; private int age; }

2.在Controller里編寫方法

//boxing automatically@RequestMapping("/person1")public String toPerson(Person p){System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge()); return "hello"; }

//the parameter was converted in initBinder@RequestMapping("/date")public String date(Date date){System.out.println(date);return "hello"; } //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date" @InitBinder public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true)); }

//pass the parameters to front-end@RequestMapping("/show")public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){Person p =new Person(); map.put("p", p); p.setAge(20); p.setName("jayjay"); return "show"; }

前臺可在Request域中取到"p"

八、使用Ajax調用

//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax@RequestMapping("/getPerson")public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){ pw.write("hello,"+name); } @RequestMapping("/name") public String sayHello(){ return "name"; }

前臺用下面的jQuery代碼調用

$(function(){$("#btn").click(function(){$.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){ alert(data); }); }); });

//redirect @RequestMapping("/redirect")public String redirect(){return "redirect:hello"; }

十、文件上傳

1.需要導入兩個jar包

2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

<!-- upload settings --><bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property> </bean>

3.方法代碼

@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file"); String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+ "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.'))); fos.write(file.getBytes()); fos.flush(); fos.close(); return "hello"; }

4.前臺form表單

<form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="file" name="file"><br> <input type="submit" value="submit"> </form>

@Controller @RequestMapping("/test") public class mvcController1 {@RequestMapping(value="/param") public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id, @RequestParam(value="name")String name){ System.out.println(id+" "+name); return "/hello"; } }

1.RestController

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@Controller @RequestMapping("/rest") public class RestController {@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("get"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("post"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT) public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("put"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE) public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("delete"+id); return "/hello"; } }

2.form表單發送put和delete請求

在web.xml中配置

<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete --><filter> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>

在前臺可以用以下代碼產生請求

<form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT"> <input type="submit" value="put"> </form> <form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="submit" value="post"> </form> <form action="rest/user/1" method="get"> <input type="submit" value="get"> </form> <form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE"> <input type="submit" value="delete"> </form>

1.導入以下jar包

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2.方法代碼

@Controller @RequestMapping("/json") public class jsonController {@ResponseBody@RequestMapping("/user") public User get(){ User u = new User(); u.setId(1); u.setName("jayjay"); u.setBirth(new Date()); return u; } }

十四、異常的處理

1.處理局部異常（Controller內）

@ExceptionHandlerpublic ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler"); return mv; } @RequestMapping("/error") public String error(){ int i = 5/0; return "hello"; }

2.處理全局異常（所有Controller）

@ControllerAdvice public class testControllerAdvice {@ExceptionHandlerpublic ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice"); return mv; } }

3.另一種處理全局異常的方法

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver --><bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"> <property name="exceptionMappings"> <props> <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop> </props> </property> </bean>

error是出錯頁面

1.創建一個MyInterceptor類，并實現HandlerInterceptor接口

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public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {@Overridepublic void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3) throws Exception { System.out.println("afterCompletion"); } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception { System.out.println("postHandle"); } @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2) throws Exception { System.out.println("preHandle"); return true; } }

2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

<!-- interceptor setting --><mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/> <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>

3.攔截器執行順序

1.導入hibernate-validate需要的jar包

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(未選中不用導入)

2.編寫實體類User并加上驗證注解

public class User {public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; } private int id; @NotEmpty private String name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") private Date birth; }

ps:@Past表示時間必須是一個過去值

3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表單

<form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user"> id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br> name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br> birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/> <input type="submit" value="submit"> </form:form>

ps:path對應name

4.Controller中代碼

@Controller @RequestMapping("/form") public class formController {@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){ if(br.getErrorCount()>0){ return "addUser"; } return "showUser"; } @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String add(Map<String,Object> map){ map.put("user",new User()); return "addUser"; } }

ps:

　　1.因為jsp中使用了modelAttribute屬性，所以必須在request域中有一個"user".

　　2.@Valid 表示按照在實體上標記的注解驗證參數

　　3.返回到原頁面錯誤信息回回顯，表單也會回顯

5.錯誤信息自定義

在src目錄下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

<!-- configure the locale resource --><bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> <property name="basename" value="locale"></property> </bean>

6.國際化顯示

在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=賬號 password=密碼

locale.properties中添加

username=user name password=password

創建一個locale.jsp

<body><fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message> <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message> </body>

在SpringMVC中配置

<!-- make the jsp page can be visited --><mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

讓locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接訪問

最后，訪問locale.jsp，切換瀏覽器語言，能看到賬號和密碼的語言也切換了

1.創建一個test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用來演示整合，并創建各類

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2.User實體類

public class User {public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; } private int id; @NotEmpty private String name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") private Date birth; }

3.UserService類

@Component
public class UserService {public UserService(){ System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n"); } public void save(){ System.out.println("save"); } }

4.UserController

@Controller @RequestMapping("/integrate") public class UserController {@Autowiredprivate UserService userService; @RequestMapping("/user") public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){ System.out.println(u); userService.save(); return "hello"; } }

5.Spring配置文件

在src目錄下創建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd " xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" > <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> </context:component-scan> </beans>

在Web.xml中添加配置

<!-- configure the springIOC --><listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param>

6.在SpringMVC中進行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC對同一個對象的管理重合

<!-- scan the package and the sub package --><context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> </context:component-scan>

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十八、SpringMVC詳細運行流程圖

十九、SpringMVC運行原理

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1. 客戶端請求提交到DispatcherServlet
2. 由DispatcherServlet控制器查詢一個或多個HandlerMapping，找到處理請求的Controller
3. DispatcherServlet將請求提交到Controller
4. Controller調用業務邏輯處理后，返回ModelAndView
5. DispatcherServlet查詢一個或多個ViewResoler視圖解析器，找到ModelAndView指定的視圖
6. 視圖負責將結果顯示到客戶端

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二十、SpringMVC與struts2的區別

1、springmvc基于方法開發的，struts2基于類開發的。springmvc將url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一個Handler對象，對象中只包括了一個method。方法執行結束，形參數據銷毀。springmvc的controller開發類似web service開發。
2、springmvc可以進行單例開發，并且建議使用單例開發，struts2通過類的成員變量接收參數，無法使用單例，只能使用多例。
3、經過實際測試，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts標簽，如果使用struts建議使用jstl。

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/advise09/p/6039613.html

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