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SpringMVC+RestFul详细示例实战教程

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一、SpringMVC基礎(chǔ)入門，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)HelloWorld程序

1.首先，導(dǎo)入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

2.添加Web.xml配置文件中關(guān)于SpringMVC的配置 <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param>  </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>

3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">  <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>  <mvc:default-servlet-handler />  <mvc:annotation-driven />  <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">  <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />  <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> </beans>

4.在WEB-INF文件夾下創(chuàng)建名為jsp的文件夾，用來(lái)存放jsp視圖。創(chuàng)建一個(gè)hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

6.編寫Controller代碼

@Controller @RequestMapping("/mvc") public class mvcController {@RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(){ return "hello"; } }

7.啟動(dòng)服務(wù)器，鍵入?http://localhost:8080/項(xiàng)目名/mvc/hello

1.Dispatcherservlet

　　DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。攔截匹配的請(qǐng)求，Servlet攔截匹配規(guī)則要自已定義，把攔截下來(lái)的請(qǐng)求，依據(jù)相應(yīng)的規(guī)則分發(fā)到目標(biāo)Controller來(lái)處理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

2.InternalResourceViewResolver

　　視圖名稱解析器

3.以上出現(xiàn)的注解

@Controller?負(fù)責(zé)注冊(cè)一個(gè)bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping?注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請(qǐng)求

@Controller

　　負(fù)責(zé)注冊(cè)一個(gè)bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping

　　注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請(qǐng)求
@RequestBody

　　該注解用于讀取Request請(qǐng)求的body部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，使用系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)配置的HttpMessageConverter進(jìn)行解析，然后把相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)綁定到要返回的對(duì)象上?,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的對(duì)象數(shù)據(jù)綁定到 controller中方法的參數(shù)上

@ResponseBody

　　?該注解用于將Controller的方法返回的對(duì)象，通過適當(dāng)?shù)腍ttpMessageConverter轉(zhuǎn)換為指定格式后，寫入到Response對(duì)象的body數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)

@ModelAttribute?　　　

　　在方法定義上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在調(diào)用目標(biāo)處理方法前，會(huì)先逐個(gè)調(diào)用在方法級(jí)上標(biāo)注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

　　在方法的入?yún)⑶笆褂?@ModelAttribute 注解：可以從隱含對(duì)象中獲取隱含的模型數(shù)據(jù)中獲取對(duì)象，再將請(qǐng)求參數(shù) –綁定到對(duì)象中，再傳入入?yún)⒎椒ㄈ雲(yún)?duì)象添加到模型中?

@RequestParam　

　　在處理方法入?yún)⑻幨褂?@RequestParam 可以把請(qǐng)求參數(shù)傳遞給請(qǐng)求方法

@PathVariable

　　綁定 URL 占位符到入?yún)?br />@ExceptionHandler

　　注解到方法上，出現(xiàn)異常時(shí)會(huì)執(zhí)行該方法
@ControllerAdvice

　　使一個(gè)Contoller成為全局的異常處理類，類中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以處理所有Controller發(fā)生的異常

//match automatically@RequestMapping("/person")public String toPerson(String name,double age){ System.out.println(name+" "+age); return "hello"; }

1.編寫一個(gè)Person實(shí)體類

package test.SpringMVC.model;public class Person {public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } private String name; private int age; }

2.在Controller里編寫方法

//boxing automatically@RequestMapping("/person1")public String toPerson(Person p){System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge()); return "hello"; }

//the parameter was converted in initBinder@RequestMapping("/date")public String date(Date date){System.out.println(date);return "hello"; } //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date" @InitBinder public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true)); }

//pass the parameters to front-end@RequestMapping("/show")public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){Person p =new Person(); map.put("p", p); p.setAge(20); p.setName("jayjay"); return "show"; }

前臺(tái)可在Request域中取到"p"

八、使用Ajax調(diào)用

//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax@RequestMapping("/getPerson")public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){ pw.write("hello,"+name); } @RequestMapping("/name") public String sayHello(){ return "name"; }

前臺(tái)用下面的jQuery代碼調(diào)用

$(function(){$("#btn").click(function(){$.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){ alert(data); }); }); });

//redirect @RequestMapping("/redirect")public String redirect(){return "redirect:hello"; }

十、文件上傳

1.需要導(dǎo)入兩個(gè)jar包

2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property> </bean>

3.方法代碼

@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file"); String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+ "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.'))); fos.write(file.getBytes()); fos.flush(); fos.close(); return "hello"; }

4.前臺(tái)form表單

@Controller @RequestMapping("/test") public class mvcController1 {@RequestMapping(value="/param") public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id, @RequestParam(value="name")String name){ System.out.println(id+" "+name); return "/hello"; } }

1.RestController

@Controller @RequestMapping("/rest") public class RestController {@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("get"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("post"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT) public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("put"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE) public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("delete"+id); return "/hello"; } }

2.form表單發(fā)送put和delete請(qǐng)求

在web.xml中配置

<filter> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>

在前臺(tái)可以用以下代碼產(chǎn)生請(qǐng)求

1.導(dǎo)入以下jar包

2.方法代碼

@Controller @RequestMapping("/json") public class jsonController {@ResponseBody@RequestMapping("/user") public User get(){ User u = new User(); u.setId(1); u.setName("jayjay"); u.setBirth(new Date()); return u; } }

十四、異常的處理

1.處理局部異常（Controller內(nèi)）

@ExceptionHandlerpublic ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler"); return mv; } @RequestMapping("/error") public String error(){ int i = 5/0; return "hello"; }

2.處理全局異常（所有Controller）

@ControllerAdvice public class testControllerAdvice {@ExceptionHandlerpublic ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice"); return mv; } }

3.另一種處理全局異常的方法

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"> <property name="exceptionMappings"> <props> <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop> </props> </property> </bean>

error是出錯(cuò)頁(yè)面

1.創(chuàng)建一個(gè)MyInterceptor類，并實(shí)現(xiàn)HandlerInterceptor接口

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {@Overridepublic void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3) throws Exception { System.out.println("afterCompletion"); } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception { System.out.println("postHandle"); } @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2) throws Exception { System.out.println("preHandle"); return true; } }

2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

<mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/> <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>

3.攔截器執(zhí)行順序

1.導(dǎo)入hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未選中不用導(dǎo)入)

2.編寫實(shí)體類User并加上驗(yàn)證注解

public class User {public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; } private int id; @NotEmpty private String name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") private Date birth; }

ps:@Past表示時(shí)間必須是一個(gè)過去值

3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表單

<form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user"> id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br> name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br> birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/> <input type="submit" value="submit"> </form:form>

ps:path對(duì)應(yīng)name

4.Controller中代碼

@Controller @RequestMapping("/form") public class formController {@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){ if(br.getErrorCount()>0){ return "addUser"; } return "showUser"; } @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String add(Map<String,Object> map){ map.put("user",new User()); return "addUser"; } }

ps:

　　1.因?yàn)閖sp中使用了modelAttribute屬性，所以必須在request域中有一個(gè)"user".

　　2.@Valid 表示按照在實(shí)體上標(biāo)記的注解驗(yàn)證參數(shù)

　　3.返回到原頁(yè)面錯(cuò)誤信息回回顯，表單也會(huì)回顯

5.錯(cuò)誤信息自定義

在src目錄下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> <property name="basename" value="locale"></property> </bean>

6.國(guó)際化顯示

在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=賬號(hào) password=密碼

locale.properties中添加

username=user name password=password

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)locale.jsp

在SpringMVC中配置

<mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

讓locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接訪問

最后，訪問locale.jsp，切換瀏覽器語(yǔ)言，能看到賬號(hào)和密碼的語(yǔ)言也切換了

1.創(chuàng)建一個(gè)test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用來(lái)演示整合，并創(chuàng)建各類

2.User實(shí)體類

3.UserService類

@Component
public class UserService {public UserService(){ System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n"); } public void save(){ System.out.println("save"); } }

4.UserController

@Controller @RequestMapping("/integrate") public class UserController {@Autowiredprivate UserService userService; @RequestMapping("/user") public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){ System.out.println(u); userService.save(); return "hello"; } }

5.Spring配置文件

在src目錄下創(chuàng)建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd " xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" > <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> </context:component-scan> </beans>

在Web.xml中添加配置

<listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param>

6.在SpringMVC中進(jìn)行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC對(duì)同一個(gè)對(duì)象的管理重合

<context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> </context:component-scan>

十八、SpringMVC詳細(xì)運(yùn)行流程圖

十九、SpringMVC運(yùn)行原理

1. 客戶端請(qǐng)求提交到DispatcherServlet
2. 由DispatcherServlet控制器查詢一個(gè)或多個(gè)HandlerMapping，找到處理請(qǐng)求的Controller
3. DispatcherServlet將請(qǐng)求提交到Controller
4. Controller調(diào)用業(yè)務(wù)邏輯處理后，返回ModelAndView
5. DispatcherServlet查詢一個(gè)或多個(gè)ViewResoler視圖解析器，找到ModelAndView指定的視圖
6. 視圖負(fù)責(zé)將結(jié)果顯示到客戶端

二十、SpringMVC與struts2的區(qū)別

1、springmvc基于方法開發(fā)的，struts2基于類開發(fā)的。springmvc將url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一個(gè)Handler對(duì)象，對(duì)象中只包括了一個(gè)method。方法執(zhí)行結(jié)束，形參數(shù)據(jù)銷毀。springmvc的controller開發(fā)類似web service開發(fā)。
2、springmvc可以進(jìn)行單例開發(fā)，并且建議使用單例開發(fā)，struts2通過類的成員變量接收參數(shù)，無(wú)法使用單例，只能使用多例。
3、經(jīng)過實(shí)際測(cè)試，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts標(biāo)簽，如果使用struts建議使用jstl。

轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/advise09/p/6039613.html

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