當我們有有的自己的服務器就可以搭建一個ftp服務器，可以自己放進去一些東西，這樣以后下載的話會很方便，而且服務器端速度很快（所以快慢基本就看自己下載段的速度了．

1. 更新一些服務器上的文件文件源

sudo apt-get update

2. 下載vsftpd軟件

sudo apt-get install vsftpd
之后就等著下完

3. 配置ftp登錄的用戶

ftp服務器也是和正常ssh登錄一樣，也是需要用戶指令的．當我們下載完vsftpd后，我們系統上就會多出一個ftp用戶和ftp組，當然這個ftp用戶是不能直接登錄的．因此，我們也要為ftp創建一個用戶，當然這個用戶所在的組就是ftp組．例如，創建一個test:123456　的用戶，如下：

sudo useradd test -g ftp -d /home/ //在/home文件夾下創建該用戶 之后會提示你密碼，當然太簡單的密碼無法通過

4. 配置vsftpd配置

在/etc/目錄下有個vsftp.conf文件，該文件是ftp服務器的主要配置文件，用vm打開，對里面的文件進行修改.下面貼出我的文件：

后面會對其中一些做出簡要說明，要說明的的放會有 注（num）：

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # # Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone # daemon started from an initscript. listen=NO #注1： # # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening # on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6 # and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific # addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration # files. listen_ipv6=YES # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default). anonymous_enable=NO #注2: userlist_deny=YES# # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES＃注３ # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. #anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time # in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The # times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this # option. use_localtime=YES # # Activate logging of uploads/downloads. xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown # below. xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log # # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format. # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case. xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: ftpd_banner=hellow! Welcome to Curve's FTP service.＃注４ # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails # # You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for # the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or # chroot_list_enable below. #chroot_local_user=YES # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the # chroot) chroot_local_user=YES ＃注５ chroot_list_enable=YES local_root=/var/ftp #注６ # (default follows) chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # Customization # # Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by # default. # # This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the # directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used # as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem # access. secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty # # This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use. pam_service_name=vsftpd # # This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL # encrypted connections. rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key ssl_enable=NO# # Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem. utf8_filesystem=YES

LISTEN = NO :這個值只能為NO，如果改為YES的話，啟動時會出錯
anonymous_enable=NO :是否允許匿名登錄，不做匿名的話就不重要
write_enable=YES　:設置可以上傳文件
ftpd_banner= :設置登錄是可以看到的信息，可以任意修改

chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
對ftp登錄的用戶進行限制具體請參考．

local_root=/var/ftp　：設置根目錄所在的位置，可以自己設置．注意可能會需要權限此時加上下面兩條語句，如這個例子，
chown -R test ftp //test為要ftp登錄的用戶名，第二個為文件夾
chgrp -R ftp ftp //第一個ftp　為ftp組

5. 對ftp用戶訪問進行配置

• 設置test用戶只能夠ftp登錄，不能ssh登錄

  usermod -s /sbin/nologin test

• 修改/etc/ftpusers.這個目錄是設置禁止ftp登錄用戶的因此，如果有自己想讓登錄的用戶，那就直接刪掉

• 增加/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list文件，這個和上面那個注５是相關的，在我的配置下的話，要增加用戶名,因此直接增加test

• 此時當你試著連接時，可能仍舊出現“530 Login incorrect”,修改/etc/shells文件，后面添加以下內容：/sbin/nologin/

• 登錄時可能會出現的錯誤＂refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()＂，問題在于啟用了chroot的話，根目錄要設置為不可寫

chmod a-w /home/test

• 當然還能夠限制那些用戶可以登錄，當如不加也是可以的參考源

  首先修改vsftpd.cong文件userlist_enable=YES //設置用戶訪問列表#允許登錄的用戶 userlist_file=/etc/allowed_users //設置該列表所在的位置 #最后，對其進行修改，加入自己想要添加進的用戶名即可 ```

最最后，重新啟動vsftpd進程

server vsftpd restart

6. 登錄時常用登錄命令

• 自己可以下載個ftp連接的軟件，這里說明一下linux終端命令所需的常用命令

登錄：

• ftp ip 例如ftp 1.1.1.1
• 直接ftp進入ftp命令行　用open ip
  之后會讓你輸入用戶名和密碼
• 關閉連接輸入close
• 推出ftp命令行bye

列出當下目錄中文件內容：

• ls或者dir
  注意用ls很多此的話，可能會出現連接錯誤，dir目前還為發現

目錄切換
cd 命令

下載文件

• get|mget 目的文件 下載位置．
  get下載單個文件，mget下載多個文件．*.*代表所有文件

上傳文件

• put local_filt remote_file

---

下面附上學習時所參考文章的來源，感謝各位大佬文章
參考文章1 　 參考文章2 　 參考文章3 　參考文章4　參考文章5 　參考文章6
當然，還有一些學習是所看過的文章，由于看時還沒有開始寫這個文章．因此，有些知識也不知道了來源，因此沒附地址．

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/i-curve/p/10152378.html

與50位技術專家面對面20年技術見證，附贈技術全景圖

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