在oracle11g中，配置asm實例會用到raw（裸設備）或者asmlib或者直接使用磁盤分區（這個特性也是11g的特性）。由于oracle11g中，已經將asm和數據庫完全脫離，這句話的意思就是以前在10g的時候，asm實例是在安裝oracle軟件之后，才配置實例（借助dbca），而在oracle11g中，asm實例已經由grid單獨安裝來配置了，也是11g中的第一大特性。

Linux?5下的操作：

1）?使用raw設備

在創建3個分區sda8,sda9,sda10之后,start_udev（具體如何在linux5下創建raw，在此不介紹），從而有了3個raw，即/dev/raw/raw1??/dev/raw/raw2??/dev/raw/raw3

?

2）?使用asmlib

在創建了3個分區之后，可以使用如下命令，創建3個asmdisk：

#/etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk asmdisk01 /dev/sda8

#/etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk asmdisk02 /dev/sda9

#/etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk asmdisk03 /dev/sda10

???

查看asmdisk：

#/etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks

ASMDISK01

ASMDISK02

ASMDISK03

?

3）?直接使用磁盤分區，由于這個比較簡單，只需要安裝grid時，測試一下即可。

?

如上，現在已經建好了兩種方式下的asm可用disk，現在安裝grid的過程中，可能由于磁盤組的問題，最終導致沒有安裝成功，但crs已經沒有問題了，如下：

[grid@yanfa2 dbs]$ crs_stat -t -v

Name??????????Type??????????R/RA??F/FT??Target???State????Host???????

----------------------------------------------------------------------

ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5???0/????ONLINE???ONLINE???yanfa2?????

ora.cssd??????ora.cssd.type?0/5???0/5???ONLINE???ONLINE???yanfa2?????

ora.diskmon???ora....on.type 0/10??0/5???ONLINE???ONLINE???yanfa2

但asm實例確不能啟動，錯誤信息如下：

SQL> startup

ORA-00099: warning: no parameter file specified for ASM instance

ASM instance started

?

Total System Global Area?283930624 bytes

Fixed Size?????????????????2212656 bytes

Variable Size????????????256552144 bytes

ASM Cache?????????????????25165824 bytes

ORA-15110: no diskgroups mounted

?

此時有兩個問題，第一個就是沒有asm實例啟動需要的參數文件，目前使用的默認值，還有第二個問題就是沒有diskgroup，用asmcmd也可以查看到，目前實例是沒有diskgroup的。

解決辦法就是用創建diskgroup，可以用asmca，打開頁面之后，能看到6塊disk，其中3塊是/dev/raw/raw*格式的，另3塊是ORCL:ASMDISK0*格式的，如果此時選擇ORCL:這樣的disk，那么此diskgroup是不會創建成功的，換成用/dev/raw/raw*的，create asm時就可以成功了。然后在實例起來之后，也可以用命令創建另一個diskgroup，如下：

CREATE DISKGROUP fra EXTERNAL REDUNDANCY DISK 'ORCL:ASMDISK03';

CREATE DISKGROUP fra EXTERNAL REDUNDANCY DISK 'ORCL:ASMDISK03'

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-15018: diskgroup cannot be created

ORA-15072: command requires at least 1 failure groups, discovered only 0

此時，再查看以下信息：

SQL>?create diskgroup fra external redundancy disk '/dev/raw/raw3';

?

Diskgroup created.

SQL> select PATH, MOUNT_STATUS, HEADER_STATUS, MODE_STATUS, STATE from V$ASM_DISK;

?

PATH

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MOUNT_S HEADER_STATU MODE_ST STATE

------- ------------ ------- --------

ORCL:ASMDISK03

CLOSED?UNKNOWN?????ONLINE?NORMAL

?

ORCL:ASMDISK01

CLOSED?UNKNOWN?????ONLINE?NORMAL

?

ORCL:ASMDISK02

CLOSED?UNKNOWN?????ONLINE?NORMAL

?

?

PATH

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MOUNT_S HEADER_STATU MODE_ST STATE

------- ------------ ------- --------

/dev/raw/raw2

CACHED?MEMBER??????ONLINE?NORMAL

?

/dev/raw/raw1

CACHED?MEMBER??????ONLINE?NORMAL

?

/dev/raw/raw3

CACHED?MEMBER??????ONLINE?NORMAL

?

?

6 rows selected.

?

可以看出，一旦使用/dev/raw/raw*的disk是可以創建成功的，再來看下ORCL:ASMDISK0*的header_status的狀態為UNKNOWN。根據metalink上的一篇文章【ID 396015.1】，如下：

?

Applies to:

Oracle?Server?- Enterprise Edition - Version: 10.2.0.1 to 10.2.0.4 - Release: to 10.2

Information in this document applies to any platform.

?

Symptoms

When a diskgroup with external redundancy needs to be created on a NetApps with iSCSI following errors might occur:

?

?

CREATE DISKGROUP KNVB EXTERNAL

REDUNDANCY DISK 'ORCL:DISK1';

CREATE DISKGROUP KNVB EXTERNAL REDUNDANCY DISK 'ORCL:DISK1'

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-15018: diskgroup cannot be created

ORA-15072: command requires at least 1 failure groups, discovered only 0

Error message from bdump alert log file

=======================================

...

Wed Oct 18 15:45:46 2006

ORA-15186: ASMLIB error function = [asm_open], error = [1], mesg = [Operation not permitted]

Wed Oct 18 15:45:46 2006

ORA-15186: ASMLIB error function = [asm_open], error = [1], mesg = [Operation not permitted]

?

The disk HEADER_STATUS from V$ASM_DISK is UNKNOWN instead of CANDIDATE or PROVISIONED

?

Cause

Oracleasm is able to create and stamp the ASM disk, because the soft link from the mapper,

but the ASM instance cannot see the disks (HEADER_STATUS is UKNOWN instead of PROVISONED) as the soft links were mounted in /etc/fstab as /data/...

?

If NetApp is used, then the /etc/fstab file should be checked.

The disks stammped by oracleasm should not be present in this file.

?

If EMC based storage but use the normal Linux multipath driver is used, then the following map settings should be set in /etc/sysconfig/oracleasm

?

# ORACLEASM_SCANORDER: Matching patterns to order disk scanning

ORACLEASM_SCANORDER="multipath sd"

?

# ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE: Matching patterns to exclude disks from scan ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE="sd"

?

Solution

1. If the customer is using NetApp check the /etc/fstab file for any mount points including the NetApp disks

???E.g: umount /data/....

???Connect to the ASM instance

conn / as sysdba

select PATH, MOUNT_STATUS, HEADER_STATUS, MODE_STATUS, STATE from V$ASM_DISK;

?

You should see the HEADER_STATUS as PROVISIONED instead of UNKNOWN.

?

Now you can create the diskgroup with external redundancy

Eg:CREATE DISKGROUP KNVB EXTERNAL REDUNDANCY DISK 'ORCL:DISK1';

2. If EMC based storage but use the normal Linux multipath driver is used, then please make the following changes in the /etc/sysconfig/oracleasm file.

?

# ORACLEASM_SCANORDER: Matching patterns to order disk scanning

ORACLEASM_SCANORDER="multipath sd"

?

# ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE: Matching patterns to exclude disks from scan ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE="sd"

Note that the asm_diskstring should be set to "ORCL:*"

?

以上信息為文章內容，根據提示，可以將/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm修改下，并且我在asm的$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下創建了一個參數文件init+ASM.ora，內容只有

*.asm_diskgroups = ‘DATA’

*.asm_diskstring = ‘ORCL:*’

經過如上修改，在restart oracleasm之后，asm終于正常了。

SQL> ALTER DISkgroup fra mount;

?

Diskgroup altered.

?

SQL> select PATH, MOUNT_STATUS, HEADER_STATUS, MODE_STATUS, STATE from V$ASM_DISK;

?

PATH

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MOUNT_S HEADER_STATU MODE_ST STATE

------- ------------ ------- --------

ORCL:ASMDISK01

CACHED?MEMBER??????ONLINE?NORMAL

?

ORCL:ASMDISK02

CACHED?MEMBER??????ONLINE?NORMAL

?

ORCL:ASMDISK03

CACHED?MEMBER??????ONLINE?NORMAL

?

總結

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的oracle11g-asm实例中asmlib和raw的使用问题的全部內容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

如果覺得生活随笔網站內容還不錯，歡迎將生活随笔推薦給好友。