文章目錄

• 定義：key必須是不可變類(lèi)型，value可以是任意類(lèi)型
• 操作
• • 1.按key存取value：
  • 2.長(zhǎng)度len
  • 3.成員運(yùn)算in和 not in(針對(duì)keys)
  • 4.刪除
  • • del刪除
    • .pop()刪除
  • 5.鍵keys()，值values()，鍵值對(duì)items()
  • 6.循環(huán)
  • 7.更新update
  • 8.字典形式傳值: "**"+字典，傳值

#字典作用：存多個(gè)值,key-value存取，取值速度快

定義：key必須是不可變類(lèi)型，value可以是任意類(lèi)型

info1={'name':'egon','age':18,'sex':'male','a':{2:'d','ad':('d'),(54):[12,434,56]}} #本質(zhì)info=dict({....}) print(info1) #或 info2=dict(name='egon',age=18,sex='male') print(info2) #或 info3=dict([['name','egon'],('age',18)]) print(info3) #或 {}.fromkeys(('name','age','sex'),None)

{‘name’: ‘egon’, ‘a(chǎn)ge’: 18, ‘sex’: ‘male’, ‘a(chǎn)’: {2: ‘d’, ‘a(chǎn)d’: ‘d’, 54: [12, 434, 56]}}
{‘name’: ‘egon’, ‘a(chǎn)ge’: 18, ‘sex’: ‘male’}
{‘name’: ‘egon’, ‘a(chǎn)ge’: 18}

{‘a(chǎn)ge’: None, ‘name’: None, ‘sex’: None}

{}.fromkeys(('name','age','sex'),(1,2,3))

{‘a(chǎn)ge’: (1, 2, 3), ‘name’: (1, 2, 3), ‘sex’: (1, 2, 3)}

操作

1.按key存取value：

a = info1['age'] print(a) b = info1['a'][54][1] print(b)

18
434

2.長(zhǎng)度len

print(len(info1)) print(len(info2)) print(len(info3))

4
3
2

3.成員運(yùn)算in和 not in(針對(duì)keys)

print('ses' in info1) print('sex' in info1)

False
True

4.刪除

del刪除

print(info1) del info1['a'][54][1] print('del 刪除：',info1)

{‘name’: ‘egon’, ‘a(chǎn)ge’: 18, ‘sex’: ‘male’, ‘a(chǎn)’: {2: ‘d’, ‘a(chǎn)d’: ‘d’, 54: [12, 434, 56]}}
del 刪除： {‘name’: ‘egon’, ‘a(chǎn)ge’: 18, ‘sex’: ‘male’, ‘a(chǎn)’: {2: ‘d’, ‘a(chǎn)d’: ‘d’, 54: [12, 56]}}

.pop()刪除

info1.pop('e','18888')#“k[,d]”表示當(dāng)需要?jiǎng)h除的鍵不存在的時(shí)候，返回'18888' print(info1) info1.pop('name','18888') print('.pop()刪除：',info1)

{‘name’: ‘egon’, ‘a(chǎn)ge’: 18, ‘sex’: ‘male’, ‘a(chǎn)’: {2: ‘d’, ‘a(chǎn)d’: ‘d’, 54: [12, 56]}}
.pop()刪除： {‘a(chǎn)ge’: 18, ‘sex’: ‘male’, ‘a(chǎn)’: {2: ‘d’, ‘a(chǎn)d’: ‘d’, 54: [12, 56]}}

5.鍵keys()，值values()，鍵值對(duì)items()

#字典特有的方法 print(info1.__dir__())

[‘repr’, ‘hash’, ‘getattribute’, ‘lt’, ‘le’, ‘eq’, ‘ne’, ‘gt’, ‘ge’, ‘iter’, ‘init’, ‘len’, ‘getitem’, ‘setitem’, ‘delitem’, ‘contains’, ‘new’, ‘sizeof’, ‘get’, ‘setdefault’, ‘pop’, ‘popitem’, ‘keys’, ‘items’, ‘values’, ‘update’, ‘fromkeys’, ‘clear’, ‘copy’, ‘doc’, ‘str’, ‘setattr’, ‘delattr’, ‘reduce_ex’, ‘reduce’, ‘subclasshook’, ‘init_subclass’, ‘format’, ‘dir’, ‘class’]

6.循環(huán)

for items in info1:print(items)

age
sex
a
k1

7.更新update

print('未更新前：',info1)#未更新前 info1.update(k1=123, sex= 'female') print('更新過(guò)后：', info1)

未更新前： {‘a(chǎn)ge’: 18, ‘sex’: ‘male’, ‘a(chǎn)’: {2: ‘d’, ‘a(chǎn)d’: ‘d’, 54: [12, 56]}}
更新過(guò)后： {‘a(chǎn)ge’: 18, ‘sex’: ‘female’, ‘a(chǎn)’: {2: ‘d’, ‘a(chǎn)d’: ‘d’, 54: [12, 56]}, ‘k1’: 123}

8.字典形式傳值: “**”+字典，傳值

template = "I am {name}, age:{age}" #可以用.format()形式傳入 v = template.format(**{'name':'abc','age':19}) print(v)

I am abc, age:19

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