首先安裝pyinofity，pip install pyinotify

創建Event Processor

與linux下面的inotify事件機制類似，我們通過繼承ProcessEvent來實現對inotify事件的重寫，這里將事件名封裝成process_事件名，例如IN_CREATE會經過Event Processor變成process_IN_CREATE。下面是所有的事件：

Inotify EventsDescription

IN_CREATE	File/directory created in watched directory
IN_OPEN	File/directory opened in watched directory
IN_ACCESS	File accessed
IN_ATTRIB	Attributes of file/directory changed (e.g. permissions, timestamp, etc.)
IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE	Non-writable file/directory closed
IN_DELETE	File/directory deleted from watched directory
IN_DELETE_SELF	File/directory being watched deleted
IN_IGNORED	File/directory no longer watched, deleted, or unmounted filesystem
IN_MODIFY	File/directory modified
IN_MOVE_SELF	File/directory moved. Must monitor destination to know destination path
IN_MOVED_FROM	File/directory moved from one watched directory to another
IN_MOVED_TO	Similar to IN_MOVED_FROM except for outgoing file/directory
IN_Q_OVERFLOW	Event queue overflowed
IN_UNMOUNT	Filesystem of watched file/directory unmounted from system

下面將通過一個簡短的例子來展示：

import os import pyinotifyclass EventProcessor(pyinotify.ProcessEvent):_methods = ["IN_CREATE","IN_OPEN","IN_ACCESS","IN_ATTRIB","IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE","IN_CLOSE_WRITE","IN_DELETE","IN_DELETE_SELF","IN_IGNORED","IN_MODIFY","IN_MOVE_SELF","IN_MOVED_FROM","IN_MOVED_TO","IN_Q_OVERFLOW","IN_UNMOUNT","default"]def process_generator(cls, method):def _method_name(self, event):print("Method name: process_{}()\n""Path name: {}\n""Event Name: {}\n".format(method, event.pathname, event.maskname))_method_name.__name__ = "process_{}".format(method)setattr(cls, _method_name.__name__, _method_name)for method in EventProcessor._methods:process_generator(EventProcessor, method)watch_manager = pyinotify.WatchManager() event_notifier = pyinotify.Notifier(watch_manager, EventProcessor())watch_this = os.path.abspath("/home/vincent/software") watch_manager.add_watch(watch_this, pyinotify.ALL_EVENTS) event_notifier.loop()

這里我們可以看到，監控了一個文件夾/home/vincent/software，當往這個文件夾中復制一份文件時，將會打印出所有對應的事件。

Method name: process_IN_CREATE() Path name: /home/vincent/software/Anaconda3-2021.05-Linux-x86_64.sh Event Name: IN_CREATEMethod name: process_IN_OPEN() Path name: /home/vincent/software/Anaconda3-2021.05-Linux-x86_64.sh Event Name: IN_OPENMethod name: process_IN_MODIFY() Path name: /home/vincent/software/Anaconda3-2021.05-Linux-x86_64.sh Event Name: IN_MODIFYMethod name: process_IN_MODIFY() Path name: /home/vincent/software/Anaconda3-2021.05-Linux-x86_64.sh Event Name: IN_MODIFYMethod name: process_IN_MODIFY() Path name: /home/vincent/software/Anaconda3-2021.05-Linux-x86_64.sh Event Name: IN_MODIFYMethod name: process_IN_CLOSE_WRITE() Path name: /home/vincent/software/Anaconda3-2021.05-Linux-x86_64.sh Event Name: IN_CLOSE_WRITE

可以看出來，他會記錄下文件操作的每一步，包括文件創建IN_CREATE，文件打開IN_OPEN，文件修改IN_MODIFY，文件關閉IN_CLOSE_WRITE

Non-Blocking Loop非阻塞方式

上面的loop()的方式會阻塞進程，在loop后面的代碼將不會被執行，這里有三種解決辦法：

Notifier with a timeout 使用超時

在構造notifier時，timeout參數告訴Notifier以特定的時間間隔獲取通知。

event_notifier = pyinotify.Notifier(watch_manager, EventProcessor(), timeout=10)

當使用超時時，應用程序將不會自動獲得文件系統更改通知。需要在不同的時間顯式調用event_notifier.process_events()和event_notifier.read_events()。也可以調用event_notifier.check_events()來檢查是否有事件等待處理。

ThreadedNotifier不同線程

可以將程序放到另一個線程中，通過ThreadedNotifier而不是Notifier調用，然后通過event_notifier.start()啟動

event_notifier = pyinotify.ThreadedNotifier(watch_manager, EventProcessor())watch_this = os.path.abspath("notification_dir") watch_manager.add_watch(watch_this, pyinotify.ALL_EVENTS) event_notifier.start()

AsyncNotifier異步

可以通過異步實現：

event_notifier = pyinotify.AsyncNotifier(watch_manager, EventProcessor())

然后通過調用asyncore中的loop()函數實現：

import asyncore asyncore.loop()

inotify的局限性也適用于pyinotify。例如，不監視遞歸目錄;必須運行另一個inotify實例來跟蹤子目錄。盡管Python提供了一個方便的inotify接口，但與C實現的inotify相比，會導致性能下降。

總結

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