KVM簡介：

KVM是開源軟件，全稱是kernel-based virtual machine(基于內核的虛擬機)。

是x86架構且硬件支持虛擬化技術(如 intel VT 或 AMD-V)的Linux全虛擬化解決方案。

它包含一個為處理器提供底層虛擬化 可加載的核心模塊kvm.ko(kvm-intel.ko或kvm-AMD.ko)。

KVM還需要一個經過修改的QEMU軟件(qemu-kvm)，作為虛擬機上層控制和界面。

KVM能在不改變linux或windows鏡像的情況下同時運行多個虛擬機，(它的意思是多個虛擬機使用同一鏡像)并為每一個虛擬機配置個性化硬件環境(網卡、磁盤、圖形適配器……)。

在主流的Linux內核，如2.6.20以上的內核均已包含了KVM核心。

安裝kvm虛擬機之前準備工作：

1.關閉iptables防火墻和selinux。[root@taokey?~]#?/etc/init.d/iptables?stop

[root@taokey?~]#?chkconfig?iptables?off

[root@taokey?~]#?chkconfig?--list?iptables

iptables????????0:off???1:off???2:off???3:off???4:off???5:off???6:off

[root@taokey?~]#?vim?/etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

[root@taokey?~]#?setenforce?0

2.vmware workstation安裝kvm的時候，需要開啟CPU支持虛擬化。

下邊開始介紹Centos6.5 x86_64系統安裝kvm虛擬機

一、安裝kvm虛擬機

1.查看CPU是否支持kvm完全虛擬機。[root@taokey?~]#?grep?"flags"?/proc/cpuinfo

flags???????????:?fpu?vme?de?pse?tsc?msr?pae?mce?cx8?apic?sep?mtrr?pge?mca?cmov?pat?pse36?clflush?dts?mmx?fxsr?sse?sse2?ss?syscall?nx?rdtscp?lm?constant_tsc?up?arch_perfmon?pebs?bts?xtopology?tsc_reliable?nonstop_tsc?aperfmperf?unfair_spinlock?pni?pclmulqdq?vmx?ssse3?cx16?pcid?sse4_1?sse4_2?x2apic?popcnt?xsave?avx?hypervisor?lahf_lm?arat?epb?xsaveopt?pln?pts?dts?tpr_shadow?vnmi?ept?vpid

注釋：如果輸出的信息中有vmx，說明intel處理器支持完全虛擬化。如果顯示svm，說明是AMD的處理器支持虛擬化。

2.安裝kvm和其他虛擬化所需管理軟件包。[root@taokey?~]#?yum?install?-y?kvm?virt-*?libvirts?bridge-utils?qemu-img

軟件包名稱介紹：

Kvm:軟件包中含有KVM內核模塊，它在默認linux內核中提供kvm管理程序

Libvirts:安裝虛擬機管理工具，使用virsh等命令來管理和控制虛擬機。

Bridge-utils:設置網絡網卡橋接。

Virt-*:創建、克隆虛擬機命令，以及圖形化管理工具virt-manager

Qemu-img:安裝qemu組件，使用qemu命令來創建磁盤等。

3.加載kvm模塊，查看kvm模塊是否被加載[root@taokey?~]#?modprobe?kvm-intel

[root@taokey?~]#?lsmod?|?grep?kvm

kvm_intel??????????????54285??0

kvm???????????????????333172??1?kvm_intel

4.重啟確實KVM是否被加載[root@taokey?~]#?reboot

[root@taokey?~]#?lsmod?|?grep?kvm

kvm_intel??????????????54285??0

kvm???????????????????333172??1?kvm_intel

5.查看已打開虛擬機列表[root@taokey?~]#?virsh?list

Id????Name???????????????????????????State

----------------------------------------------------

6.配置eth0、br0網卡[root@taokey?~]#?more?/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0

HWADDR=00:0C:29:33:B3:E5

TYPE=Ethernet

UUID=142284ae-3173-4b0a-80d8-437c26a96719

ONBOOT=yes

NM_CONTROLLED=yes

BOOTPROTO=none

BRIDGE=br0

[root@taokey?~]#?more?/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0

DEVICE=br0

HWADDR=00:0C:29:33:B3:E5

TYPE=Bridge

UUID=142284ae-3173-4b0a-80d8-437c26a96719

ONBOOT=yes

NM_CONTROLLED=yes

BOOTPROTO=static

IPADDR=10.0.1.149

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=10.0.1.1

[root@taokey?~]#?/etc/init.d/network?restart

7.查看目前所有的網橋接口[root@taokey?~]#?brctl?show

bridge?name?????bridge?id???????????????STP?enabled?????interfaces

br0?????????????8000.000c2933b3e5???????no??????????????eth0

virbr0??????????8000.525400d969b8???????yes?????????????virbr0-nic

8.修改VNC服務端的配置文件[root@taokey?~]#?vim?/etc/libvirt/qemu.conf

vnc_listen?=?"0.0.0.0"???第十二行，把vnc_listen前面的#號去掉。

9.重啟libvirtd和messagebus服務[root@taokey?~]#?/etc/init.d/libvirtd?restart

Stopping?libvirtd?daemon:??????????????????????????????????[??OK??]

Starting?libvirtd?daemon:?libvirtd:?initialization?failed??[FAILED]

解決辦法：

[root@taokey?libvirt]#?echo?"export?LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8"??>>??/etc/profile

[root@taokey?libvirt]#?source?/etc/profile

[root@taokey?libvirt]#?/etc/init.d/libvirtd?restart

Stopping?libvirtd?daemon:??????????????????????????????????[FAILED]

Starting?libvirtd?daemon:?2014-08-15?16:14:18.595+0000:?2429:?info?:?libvirt?version:?0.10.2,?package:?29.el6_5.11?(CentOS?BuildSystem?,?2014-07-31-18:52:08,?c6b8.bsys.dev.centos.org)

2014-08-15?16:14:18.595+0000:?2429:?warning?:?virGetHostname:2294?:?getaddrinfo?failed?for?'taokey':?Name?or?service?not?known

[??OK??]

[root@taokey?~]#?/etc/init.d/messagebus?restart

Stopping?system?message?bus:???????????????????????????????[??OK??]

Starting?system?message?bus:???????????????????????????????[??OK??]

二、在宿主機上創建、安裝kvm虛擬機創建鏡像文件目錄和虛擬磁盤存放目錄[root@taokey?~]#?mkdir?/iso

[root@taokey?~]#?mkdir?-p?/data/kvmdisk

2.把Centos6.5系統的鏡像文件拷貝到iso目錄下[root@taokey?~]#?dd?if=/dev/cdrom?of=/iso/Centos6.iso

8726528+0?records?in

8726528+0?records?out

4467982336?bytes?(4.5?GB)?copied,?298.268?s,?15.0?MB/s

3.創建kvm虛擬機的磁盤文件[root@taokey?~]#?cd?/etc/libvirt/

[root@taokey?libvirt]#?qemu-img?create?-f?qcow2?-o?preallocation=metadata?kvm_mode.img?10G

Formatting?'kvm_mode.img',?fmt=qcow2?size=10737418240?encryption=off?cluster_size=65536?preallocation='metadata'

4.安裝虛擬機[root@taokey?libvirt]#?virt-install?--name=kvm_mode_5566?--ram?1024?--vcpus=1?-f?/etc/libvirt/kvm_mode.img?--cdrom=/iso/Centos6.iso?--graphics?vnc,listen=0.0.0.0,port=7788?--force?--autostart

Starting?install...

ERROR????internal?error?Process?exited?while?reading?console?log?output:?char?device?redirected?to?/dev/pts/2

qemu-kvm:?-drive?file=/etc/libvirt/kvm_mode.img,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0,format=raw,cache=none:?could?not?open?disk?p_w_picpath?/etc/libvirt/kvm_mode.img:?Permission?denied

Domain?installation?does?not?appear?to?have?been?successful.

If?it?was,?you?can?restart?your?domain?by?running:

virsh?--connect?qemu:///system?start?kvm_mode_5566

otherwise,?please?restart?your?installation.

解決辦法：

[root@taokey?libvirt]#?chmod?-R?777?/etc/libvirt

[root@taokey?libvirt]#?virt-install?--name=kvm_mode_5566?--ram?1024?--vcpus=1?-f?/etc/libvirt/kvm_mode.img?--cdrom=/iso/Centos6.iso?--graphics?vnc,listen=0.0.0.0,port=7788?--force?--autostart

Starting?install...

Creating?domain...???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????|????0?B?????00:00

Cannot?open?display:

Run?'virt-viewer?--help'?to?see?a?full?list?of?available?command?line?options

Domain?installation?still?in?progress.?You?can?reconnect?to

the?console?to?complete?the?installation?process.

三、VNC客戶端連接KVM虛擬機，設置IP地址。用VNC連接，進行創建kvm虛擬機(VNC連上之后，跟安裝linux Centos 6.5系統一樣，重新裝一次)

2.在宿主機上列出創建的kvm虛擬機，手動開啟新創建的虛擬機[root@taokey?~]#?virsh

Welcome?to?virsh,?the?virtualization?interactive?terminal.

Type:??'help'?for?help?with?commands

'quit'?to?quit

virsh?#?list?--all

Id????Name???????????????????????????State

----------------------------------------------------

-?????kvm_mode_5566??????????????????shut?off

virsh?#?start?kvm_mode_5566

Domain?kvm_mode_5566?started

3.設置靜態IP地址

重啟網卡會報錯。

解決辦法：

eth0網卡配置文件中的

HWADDR=00:0C:29:33:B3:E5修改成MACADDR=00:0C:29:33:B3:E5

rm -rf /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

如圖所示：

reboot新創建的kvm_mode_5566虛擬機，重啟network服務就可以配置上IP地址了。

[root@kvm-mode-7788 ~]# more /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0

MACADDR=52:54:00:80:7E:A5

TYPE=Ethernet

UUID=7d042162-53e9-4ef1-ba2f-bf3b892bb353

ONBOOT=yes

NM_CONTROLLED=yes

BOOTPROTO=static

IPADDR=10.0.1.228

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=10.0.1.1

[root@kvm-mode-7788 ~]# ping www.baidu.com

PING www.a.shifen.com (119.75.218.77) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from www.baidu.com (119.75.218.77): icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=3.05 ms

64 bytes from www.baidu.com (119.75.218.77): icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=4.82 ms

64 bytes from www.baidu.com (119.75.218.77): icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 time=3.72 ms

^C

--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---

3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2252ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 3.055/3.866/4.822/0.730 ms

4.查看下宿主機上的虛擬機。[root@taokey?~]#?virsh

Welcome?to?virsh,?the?virtualization?interactive?terminal.

Type:??'help'?for?help?with?commands

'quit'?to?quit

virsh?#?list?--all

Id????Name???????????????????????????State

----------------------------------------------------

1?????kvm_mode_5566??????????????????running

virsh?#

到此為止，試驗完畢。

下一篇會介紹通過命令克隆虛擬機和修改配置文件創建虛擬機。

總結

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