開題：【好東西，值得研究！】

標題：樹莓派2代B model 上手初體驗，不用顯示器，Python GPIO 點亮一顆LED

【知識普及】

1，樹莓派各版本對比：

2，樹莓派2代BModel 主板，圖樣

樹莓派2 代B GPIO 圖

【所需硬件】

一張TF卡，8G或者8G以上，我的是 【三星TF卡16g class10 EVO】

一根網線，讓樹莓派與路由器連接?

一個5V 500MA 的普通USB電源，為樹莓派供電 ，我試過了，5V 500ma沒問題

一個樹莓派2代B?

一個普通路由器【如果你連路由器都沒有，可以參照windows的網絡共享功能】

一個LED，及導線倆根

一個1K電阻

【軟件準備】

windows下操作：：

【官方】樹莓派統集合：

http://downloads.raspberrypi.org/

https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads

下載【樹莓派定制的Debian系統】

下載最新版樹莓派Debian系統： http://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian_latest

下載后得到文件：2015-09-24-raspbian-jessie.zip

解壓這個壓縮文件得到：2015-09-24-raspbian-jessie.img

下載【Win32DiskImager】

http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/win32diskp_w_picpathr/Archive/Win32DiskImager-0.9.5-install.exe

【寫入Linux系統】

TF內存卡插入讀卡器，讀卡器插入電腦USB

打開Win32DiskImager，找到img文件，目標盤符為TF卡，點擊write，大約10幾分鐘，OK！

確保路由器開啟DHCP服務，以便于讓樹莓派開機就能得到IP地址

Win32DiskImager寫入Sucessfully之后，把TF卡插在樹莓派的TF卡槽，

【準備就緒,開機】

插好網線，與開啟DHCP的路由器連接

插入USB電源，開機

打開路由器管理頁面，在ARP映射可以看到多出一個樹莓派的IP

Xshell下載：http://www.netsarang.com/products/xsh_overview.html

得到IP后，打開Xshell工具，ssh跟上樹莓派的IP

ssh 10.11.12.100

賬戶：pi

密碼：raspberry

【切換到root】

pi@raspberrypi?~?$?sudo?su root@raspberrypi:/home/pi#

【更新源】晚上網速有些慢，我的用了15分鐘

root@raspberrypi:~#?apt-get?update Get:1?http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org?jessie?InRelease?[15.0?kB]??????????????????????????????????? Get:2?http://archive.raspberrypi.org?jessie?InRelease?[13.3?kB]????????????????????????????? Get:3?http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org?jessie/main?armhf?Packages?[8,962?kB] Get:4?http://archive.raspberrypi.org?jessie/main?Sources?[31.2?kB] Get:5?http://archive.raspberrypi.org?jessie/ui?Sources?[5,197?B]????????????? Get:6?http://archive.raspberrypi.org?jessie/main?armhf?Packages?[101?kB]????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Get:7?http://archive.raspberrypi.org?jessie/ui?armhf?Packages?[7,639?B]?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Ign?http://archive.raspberrypi.org?jessie/main?Translation-en_GB????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Ign?http://archive.raspberrypi.org?jessie/main?Translation-en???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Ign?http://archive.raspberrypi.org?jessie/ui?Translation-en_GB??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Ign?http://archive.raspberrypi.org?jessie/ui?Translation-en?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Get:8?http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org?jessie/contrib?armhf?Packages?[37.5?kB]????????????????????????????????????????????????? Get:9?http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org?jessie/non-free?armhf?Packages?[70.2?kB]???????????????????????????????????????????????? Get:10?http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org?jessie/rpi?armhf?Packages?[1,356?B]???????????????????????????????????????????????????? Ign?http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org?jessie/contrib?Translation-en_GB?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Ign?http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org?jessie/contrib?Translation-en Ign?http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org?jessie/main?Translation-en_GB Ign?http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org?jessie/main?Translation-en Ign?http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org?jessie/non-free?Translation-en_GB Ign?http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org?jessie/non-free?Translation-en Ign?http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org?jessie/rpi?Translation-en_GB Ign?http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org?jessie/rpi?Translation-en Fetched?9,244?kB?in?15min?48s?(9,742?B/s) Reading?package?lists...?Done

【安裝Python的GPIO庫】

先安裝python開發包

root@raspberrypi:~#?apt-get?-y?install?python-dev? Reading?package?lists...?Done Building?dependency?tree??????? Reading?state?information...?Done The?following?extra?packages?will?be?installed:libpython-dev?libpython2.7-dev?python2.7-dev The?following?NEW?packages?will?be?installed:libpython-dev?libpython2.7-dev?python-dev?python2.7-dev 0?upgraded,?4?newly?installed,?0?to?remove?and?56?not?upgraded. Need?to?get?18.2?MB?of?archives. After?this?operation,?25.7?MB?of?additional?disk?space?will?be?used. Get:1?http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/?jessie/main?libpython2.7-dev?armhf?2.7.9-2 Get:2?http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/?jessie/main?python-dev?armhf?2.7.9-1?[1,188?B] 13%?[1?libpython2.7-dev?2,376?kB/17.9?MB?13%]?[2?python-dev?1,188?B/1,188?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Get:3?http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/?jessie/main?libpython-dev?armhf?2.7.9-1?[19.6?kB] Get:4?http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/?jessie/main?python2.7-dev?armhf?2.7.9-2?[281?kB] Fetched?18.2?MB?in?13s?(1,306?kB/s)????????????????????????????????????? Selecting?previously?unselected?package?libpython2.7-dev:armhf. (Reading?database?...?118460?files?and?directories?currently?installed.) Preparing?to?unpack?.../libpython2.7-dev_2.7.9-2_armhf.deb?... Unpacking?libpython2.7-dev:armhf?(2.7.9-2)?... Selecting?previously?unselected?package?libpython-dev:armhf. Preparing?to?unpack?.../libpython-dev_2.7.9-1_armhf.deb?... Unpacking?libpython-dev:armhf?(2.7.9-1)?... Selecting?previously?unselected?package?python2.7-dev. Preparing?to?unpack?.../python2.7-dev_2.7.9-2_armhf.deb?... Unpacking?python2.7-dev?(2.7.9-2)?... Selecting?previously?unselected?package?python-dev. Preparing?to?unpack?.../python-dev_2.7.9-1_armhf.deb?... Unpacking?python-dev?(2.7.9-1)?... Processing?triggers?for?man-db?(2.7.0.2-5)?... Setting?up?libpython2.7-dev:armhf?(2.7.9-2)?... Setting?up?libpython-dev:armhf?(2.7.9-1)?... Setting?up?python2.7-dev?(2.7.9-2)?... Setting?up?python-dev?(2.7.9-1)?... root@raspberrypi:~#

樹莓派GPIO官方說明 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/RPi.GPIO

下載樹莓派python GPIO庫

root@raspberrypi:~#?mkdir?/home/gpio root@raspberrypi:~#?cd?/home/gpio root@raspberrypi:/home/gpio#?wget?https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/R/RPi.GPIO/RPi.GPIO-0.5.11.tar.gz --2015-09-24?16:38:10--??https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/R/RPi.GPIO/RPi.GPIO-0.5.11.tar.gz Resolving?pypi.python.org?(pypi.python.org)...?43.249.72.223 Connecting?to?pypi.python.org?(pypi.python.org)|43.249.72.223|:443...?connected. HTTP?request?sent,?awaiting?response...?200?OK Length:?27060?(26K)?[application/octet-stream] Saving?to:?‘RPi.GPIO-0.5.11.tar.gz’RPi.GPIO-0.5.11.tar.gz???????????100%[======================>]??26.43K??94.0KB/s???in?0.3s???2015-09-24?16:38:15?(94.0?KB/s)?-?‘RPi.GPIO-0.5.11.tar.gz’?saved?[27060/27060]可以看到下載的GPIO庫文件只有27K root@raspberrypi:/home/gpio#?ls?-lh -rw-r--r--?1?root?root?27K?May?14?18:27?RPi.GPIO-0.5.11.tar.gz解壓并進入目錄 root@raspberrypi:/home/gpio#?tar?xf?RPi.GPIO-0.5.11.tar.gz? root@raspberrypi:/home/gpio#?cd?RPi.GPIO-0.5.11 root@raspberrypi:/home/gpio/RPi.GPIO-0.5.11#

安裝GPIO庫

root@raspberrypi:/home/gpio/RPi.GPIO-0.5.11#?python?setup.py?install running?install running?build running?build_py creating?build creating?build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7 creating?build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/RPi copying?RPi/__init__.py?->?build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/RPi running?build_ext building?'RPi.GPIO'?extension creating?build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7 creating?build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc?-pthread?-DNDEBUG?-g?-fwrapv?-O2?-Wall?-Wstrict-prototypes?-fno-strict-aliasing?-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2?-g?-fstack-protector-strong?-Wformat?-Werror=format-security?-fPIC?-I/usr/include/python2.7?-c?source/py_gpio.c?-o?build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/py_gpio.o arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc?-pthread?-DNDEBUG?-g?-fwrapv?-O2?-Wall?-Wstrict-prototypes?-fno-strict-aliasing?-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2?-g?-fstack-protector-strong?-Wformat?-Werror=format-security?-fPIC?-I/usr/include/python2.7?-c?source/c_gpio.c?-o?build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/c_gpio.o arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc?-pthread?-DNDEBUG?-g?-fwrapv?-O2?-Wall?-Wstrict-prototypes?-fno-strict-aliasing?-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2?-g?-fstack-protector-strong?-Wformat?-Werror=format-security?-fPIC?-I/usr/include/python2.7?-c?source/cpuinfo.c?-o?build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/cpuinfo.o source/cpuinfo.c:?In?function?‘get_rpi_info’: source/cpuinfo.c:41:7:?warning:?ignoring?return?value?of?‘fgets’,?declared?with?attribute?warn_unused_result?[-Wunused-result]fgets(buffer,?sizeof(buffer)?,?fp);^ arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc?-pthread?-DNDEBUG?-g?-fwrapv?-O2?-Wall?-Wstrict-prototypes?-fno-strict-aliasing?-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2?-g?-fstack-protector-strong?-Wformat?-Werror=format-security?-fPIC?-I/usr/include/python2.7?-c?source/event_gpio.c?-o?build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/event_gpio.o source/event_gpio.c:?In?function?‘gpio_export’: source/event_gpio.c:75:5:?warning:?ignoring?return?value?of?‘write’,?declared?with?attribute?warn_unused_result?[-Wunused-result]write(fd,?str_gpio,?len);^ source/event_gpio.c:?In?function?‘gpio_unexport’: source/event_gpio.c:90:5:?warning:?ignoring?return?value?of?‘write’,?declared?with?attribute?warn_unused_result?[-Wunused-result]write(fd,?str_gpio,?len);^ source/event_gpio.c:?In?function?‘gpio_set_direction’: source/event_gpio.c:106:9:?warning:?ignoring?return?value?of?‘write’,?declared?with?attribute?warn_unused_result?[-Wunused-result]write(fd,?"in",?3);^ source/event_gpio.c:108:9:?warning:?ignoring?return?value?of?‘write’,?declared?with?attribute?warn_unused_result?[-Wunused-result]write(fd,?"out",?4);^ source/event_gpio.c:?In?function?‘gpio_set_edge’: source/event_gpio.c:124:5:?warning:?ignoring?return?value?of?‘write’,?declared?with?attribute?warn_unused_result?[-Wunused-result]write(fd,?stredge[edge],?strlen(stredge[edge])?+?1);^ arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc?-pthread?-DNDEBUG?-g?-fwrapv?-O2?-Wall?-Wstrict-prototypes?-fno-strict-aliasing?-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2?-g?-fstack-protector-strong?-Wformat?-Werror=format-security?-fPIC?-I/usr/include/python2.7?-c?source/soft_pwm.c?-o?build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/soft_pwm.o arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc?-pthread?-DNDEBUG?-g?-fwrapv?-O2?-Wall?-Wstrict-prototypes?-fno-strict-aliasing?-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2?-g?-fstack-protector-strong?-Wformat?-Werror=format-security?-fPIC?-I/usr/include/python2.7?-c?source/py_pwm.c?-o?build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/py_pwm.o arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc?-pthread?-DNDEBUG?-g?-fwrapv?-O2?-Wall?-Wstrict-prototypes?-fno-strict-aliasing?-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2?-g?-fstack-protector-strong?-Wformat?-Werror=format-security?-fPIC?-I/usr/include/python2.7?-c?source/common.c?-o?build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/common.o arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc?-pthread?-DNDEBUG?-g?-fwrapv?-O2?-Wall?-Wstrict-prototypes?-fno-strict-aliasing?-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2?-g?-fstack-protector-strong?-Wformat?-Werror=format-security?-fPIC?-I/usr/include/python2.7?-c?source/constants.c?-o?build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/constants.o arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc?-pthread?-shared?-Wl,-O1?-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions?-Wl,-z,relro?-fno-strict-aliasing?-DNDEBUG?-g?-fwrapv?-O2?-Wall?-Wstrict-prototypes?-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2?-g?-fstack-protector-strong?-Wformat?-Werror=format-security?-Wl,-z,relro?-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2?-g?-fstack-protector-strong?-Wformat?-Werror=format-security?build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/py_gpio.o?build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/c_gpio.o?build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/cpuinfo.o?build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/event_gpio.o?build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/soft_pwm.o?build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/py_pwm.o?build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/common.o?build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/constants.o?-o?build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/RPi/GPIO.so running?install_lib creating?/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/RPi copying?build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/RPi/GPIO.so?->?/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/RPi copying?build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/RPi/__init__.py?->?/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/RPi byte-compiling?/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/RPi/__init__.py?to?__init__.pyc running?install_egg_info Writing?/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/RPi.GPIO-0.5.11.egg-inforoot@raspberrypi:/home/gpio/RPi.GPIO-0.5.11#?echo?$? 0 可以看到，沒有錯誤

編寫一個程序，點亮LED！

注意: 這里使用GPIO.BOARD模式,對應的是主板物理引腳號的排序,也就是說pin1就是板子上的3V3.?

把led的負極接到板子上的GPIO.0（pin11） LED正極接一個1K的電阻,在接到5V上（pin2）. 特別注意python的縮進.

root@raspberrypi:/home/gpio/RPi.GPIO-0.5.11#?cd root@raspberrypi:~#?vim?test.py #!/user/bin/python import?RPi.GPIO?as?GPIO import?time GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) GPIO.setup(11,GPIO.OUT) while?True:GPIO.output(11,True)time.sleep(1)GPIO.output(11,False)time.sleep(1)運行程序 root@raspberrypi:~#?python?test.py

【效果圖】 ctrl+c用來終止程序

再來寫一個檢查按鍵的小程序：

按鍵一端接到GND（pin6）,一端加到GPIO.1（PIN12）

root@raspberrypi:~#?vim?test2.py #!/user/bin/python import?RPi.GPIO?as?GPIO import?time GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) GPIO.setup(11,GPIO.OUT) GPIO.setup(12,GPIO.IN) while?True:in_value=?GPIO.input(12)if?in_value?==False:GPIO.output(11,False)time.sleep(1)GPIO.output(11,True)while?in_value?==?False:in_value?=?GPIO.input(12)

不按下按鍵，燈會以1HZ的頻率閃爍 ?

按下按鍵，LED燈熄滅，松手，LED亮起！

【效果圖】ctrl+c用來終止程序

gif動畫沒做好，不去碰按鍵，燈是1HZ閃爍狀態的，

按下按鍵，LED是熄滅的。

物聯網家居，開始折騰！

【樹莓派關機命令】

root@raspberrypi:~# init 0

等2秒，可以拔電源了！

[樹莓派新手入門基礎命令】

查看CPU信息

root@raspberrypi:/home/pi#?cat?/proc/cpuinfo? processor :?0 model?name :?ARMv7?Processor?rev?5?(v7l) BogoMIPS :?38.40 Features :?half?thumb?fastmult?vfp?edsp?neon?vfpv3?tls?vfpv4?idiva?idivt?vfpd32?lpae?evtstrm? CPU?implementer :?0x41 CPU?architecture:?7 CPU?variant :?0x0 CPU?part :?0xc07 CPU?revision :?5processor :?1 model?name :?ARMv7?Processor?rev?5?(v7l) BogoMIPS :?38.40 Features :?half?thumb?fastmult?vfp?edsp?neon?vfpv3?tls?vfpv4?idiva?idivt?vfpd32?lpae?evtstrm? CPU?implementer :?0x41 CPU?architecture:?7 CPU?variant :?0x0 CPU?part :?0xc07 CPU?revision :?5processor :?2 model?name :?ARMv7?Processor?rev?5?(v7l) BogoMIPS :?38.40 Features :?half?thumb?fastmult?vfp?edsp?neon?vfpv3?tls?vfpv4?idiva?idivt?vfpd32?lpae?evtstrm? CPU?implementer :?0x41 CPU?architecture:?7 CPU?variant :?0x0 CPU?part :?0xc07 CPU?revision :?5processor :?3 model?name :?ARMv7?Processor?rev?5?(v7l) BogoMIPS :?38.40 Features :?half?thumb?fastmult?vfp?edsp?neon?vfpv3?tls?vfpv4?idiva?idivt?vfpd32?lpae?evtstrm? CPU?implementer :?0x41 CPU?architecture:?7 CPU?variant :?0x0 CPU?part :?0xc07 CPU?revision :?5Hardware :?BCM2709 Revision :?a21041 Serial :?000000000f4c5cc4BCM2708/9?屬于處理器的家族 BCM2835/6?屬于處理的具體型號

為root設置密碼

root@raspberrypi:/home/pi#?passwd?root Enter?new?UNIX?password:haha? Retype?new?UNIX?password:?haha passwd:?password?updated?successfully安裝vim編輯器 root@raspberrypi:/home/pi#?apt-get?-y?install?vim開啟vim語法高亮 root@raspberrypi:/home/pi#?vim?/etc/vim/vimrc?+19 去掉前面的引號“syntax?on，改為下面的，按ESC，按shift+zz保存退出 syntax?on開啟root遠程登錄 root@raspberrypi:/home/pi#?vim?/etc/ssh/sshd_config??+28 把PermitRootLogin?without-password改為下面的，按ESC，按shift+zz保存退出 PermitRootLogin?yes重啟sshd服務 root@raspberrypi:/home/pi#?service?sshd?restartroot@Ubuntu:~#?ssh?10.11.12.100?-l?root The?authenticity?of?host?'10.11.12.100?(10.11.12.100)'?can't?be?established. ECDSA?key?fingerprint?is?42:6a:d5:02:d4:23:46:a6:da:00:24:8f:16:2c:c4:49. Are?you?sure?you?want?to?continue?connecting?(yes/no)??yes Warning:?Permanently?added?'10.11.12.100'?(ECDSA)?to?the?list?of?known?hosts. root@10.11.12.100's?password:?hahaThe?programs?included?with?the?Debian?GNU/Linux?system?are?free?software; the?exact?distribution?terms?for?each?program?are?described?in?the individual?files?in?/usr/share/doc/*/copyright.Debian?GNU/Linux?comes?with?ABSOLUTELY?NO?WARRANTY,?to?the?extent permitted?by?applicable?law. Last?login:?Thu?Sep?24?16:15:36?2015?from?10.11.12.14 root@raspberrypi:~#? root遠程?登錄成功！

修改root的配置文件：

root@raspberrypi:~#?vim?.bashrc? #?~/.bashrc:?executed?by?bash(1)?for?non-login?shells. #?Note:?PS1?and?umask?are?already?set?in?/etc/profile.?You?should?not #?need?this?unless?you?want?different?defaults?for?root. #?PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\h:\w\$?' #?umask?022 #?You?may?uncomment?the?following?lines?if?you?want?`ls'?to?be?colorized:export?LS_OPTIONS='--color=auto'eval?"`dircolors`"alias?ls='ls?$LS_OPTIONS'alias?ll='ls?$LS_OPTIONS?-lh'alias?l='ls?$LS_OPTIONS?-lA' # #?Some?more?alias?to?avoid?making?mistakes:alias?rm='rm?-i'alias?cp='cp?-i'alias?mv='mv?-i'使配置立即生效，注意兩個點之間的空格root@raspberrypi:~#?.?.bashrc

查看推薦的源

root@raspberrypi:/home/pi#?cat?/etc/apt/sources.list deb?http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/?jessie?main?contrib?non-free?rpi #?Uncomment?line?below?then?'apt-get?update'?to?enable?'apt-get?source' #deb-src?http://archive.raspbian.org/raspbian/?jessie?main?contrib?non-free?rpi

查看內存信息：看到的是1G的哈

root@raspberrypi:~#?cat?/proc/meminfo? MemTotal:?????????948120?kB MemFree:??????????789508?kB MemAvailable:?????862084?kB Buffers:???????????17436?kB Cached:????????????79256?kB SwapCached:????????????0?kB Active:????????????85240?kB Inactive:??????????46372?kB Active(anon):??????35252?kB Inactive(anon):?????6476?kB Active(file):??????49988?kB Inactive(file):????39896?kB Unevictable:???????????0?kB Mlocked:???????????????0?kB SwapTotal:????????102396?kB SwapFree:?????????102396?kB Dirty:?????????????????0?kB Writeback:?????????????0?kB AnonPages:?????????35016?kB Mapped:????????????37816?kB Shmem:??????????????6812?kB Slab:??????????????13516?kB SReclaimable:???????6344?kB SUnreclaim:?????????7172?kB KernelStack:????????1136?kB PageTables:?????????1868?kB NFS_Unstable:??????????0?kB Bounce:????????????????0?kB WritebackTmp:??????????0?kB CommitLimit:??????576456?kB Committed_AS:?????521112?kB VmallocTotal:????1105920?kB VmallocUsed:????????1188?kB VmallocChunk:?????900580?kB CmaTotal:???????????8192?kB CmaFree:????????????3740?kB

查看內存使用情況：

root@raspberrypi:~#?free?-mtotal???????used???????free?????shared????buffers?????cached Mem:???????????925????????172????????752??????????7?????????25?????????82 -/+?buffers/cache:?????????65????????860 Swap:???????????99??????????0?????????99

查看磁盤掛載情況：

root@raspberrypi:~#?df?-hT Filesystem?????Type??????Size??Used?Avail?Use%?Mounted?on /dev/root??????ext4??????3.9G??3.2G??515M??87%?/ devtmpfs???????devtmpfs??459M?????0??459M???0%?/dev tmpfs??????????tmpfs?????463M?????0??463M???0%?/dev/shm tmpfs??????????tmpfs?????463M??6.3M??457M???2%?/run tmpfs??????????tmpfs?????5.0M??4.0K??5.0M???1%?/run/lock tmpfs??????????tmpfs?????463M?????0??463M???0%?/sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mmcblk0p1?vfat???????56M???20M???37M??36%?/boot tmpfs??????????tmpfs??????93M?????0???93M???0%?/run/user/1000 tmpfs??????????tmpfs??????93M?????0???93M???0%?/run/user/0

插入一個32GU盤：

root@raspberrypi:~#?df?-hT Filesystem?????Type??????Size??Used?Avail?Use%?Mounted?on /dev/root??????ext4??????3.9G??3.2G??515M??87%?/ devtmpfs???????devtmpfs??459M?????0??459M???0%?/dev tmpfs??????????tmpfs?????463M?????0??463M???0%?/dev/shm tmpfs??????????tmpfs?????463M??6.3M??457M???2%?/run tmpfs??????????tmpfs?????5.0M??4.0K??5.0M???1%?/run/lock tmpfs??????????tmpfs?????463M?????0??463M???0%?/sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mmcblk0p1?vfat???????56M???20M???37M??36%?/boot tmpfs??????????tmpfs??????93M?????0???93M???0%?/run/user/1000 tmpfs??????????tmpfs??????93M?????0???93M???0%?/run/user/0 /dev/sda1??????vfat???????30G???14G???16G??47%?/media/pi/SSK_32G

查看磁盤的詳細信息：

root@raspberrypi:~#?hdparm?-I?/dev/sda/dev/sda: SG_IO:?bad/missing?sense?data,?sb[]:??70?00?05?00?00?00?00?0a?00?00?00?00?20?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00ATA?device,?with?non-removable?mediaMedia?Serial?Num:???YZ[\]^_`abMedia?Manufacturer:?cdefgTransport:??????????Parallel Standards:Supported:?5?3?Likely?used:?5 Configuration:Logical max currentcylinders 0 0heads 2560 0sectors/track 32 0--Logical/Physical?Sector?size:???????????512?bytesdevice?size?with?M?=?1024*1024:???????????0?MBytesdevice?size?with?M?=?1000*1000:???????????0?MBytes?cache/buffer?size??=?unknown Capabilities:IORDY(may?be)(cannot?be?disabled)Standby?timer?values:?spec'd?by?VendorR/W?multiple?sector?transfer:?Max?=?0 Current?=??DMA:?not?supportedPIO:?pio0? Security:?Master?password?revision?code?=?47supportednot enablednot lockednot frozennot expired:?security?countnot supported:?enhanced?erase92min?for?ENHANCED?SECURITY?ERASE?UNIT.? Integrity?word?not?set?(found?0x0000,?expected?0x61a5) root@raspberrypi:~#?root@raspberrypi:~#?hdparm?-I?/dev/sda1/dev/sda1: SG_IO:?bad/missing?sense?data,?sb[]:??70?00?05?00?00?00?00?0a?00?00?00?00?20?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00ATA?device,?with?non-removable?mediaMedia?Serial?Num:???YZ[\]^_`abMedia?Manufacturer:?cdefgTransport:??????????Parallel Standards:Supported:?5?3?Likely?used:?5 Configuration:Logical max currentcylinders 0 0heads 2560 0sectors/track 32 0--Logical/Physical?Sector?size:???????????512?bytesdevice?size?with?M?=?1024*1024:???????????0?MBytesdevice?size?with?M?=?1000*1000:???????????0?MBytes?cache/buffer?size??=?unknown Capabilities:IORDY(may?be)(cannot?be?disabled)Standby?timer?values:?spec'd?by?VendorR/W?multiple?sector?transfer:?Max?=?0 Current?=??DMA:?not?supportedPIO:?pio0? Security:?Master?password?revision?code?=?47supportednot enablednot lockednot frozennot expired:?security?countnot supported:?enhanced?erase92min?for?ENHANCED?SECURITY?ERASE?UNIT.? Integrity?word?not?set?(found?0x0000,?expected?0x61a5) root@raspberrypi:~#

查看發行版信息，可以看到是基于Debian 8.0的jessie版本二次開發的

root@raspberrypi:/home/pi#?lsb_release?-a No?LSB?modules?are?available. Distributor?ID: Raspbian Description: Raspbian?GNU/Linux?8.0?(jessie) Release: 8.0 Codename: jessieroot@raspberrypi:~#?uname?-a Linux?raspberrypi?4.1.7-v7+?#817?SMP?PREEMPT?Sat?Sep?19?15:32:00?BST?2015?armv7l?GNU/Linuxroot@raspberrypi:~#?cat?/etc/debian_version? 8.0root@raspberrypi:~#?cat?/etc/issue Raspbian?GNU/Linux?8?\n?\l

?查看USB設備：

root@raspberrypi:~#?lsusb?-tv /:??Bus?01.Port?1:?Dev?1,?Class=root_hub,?Driver=dwc_otg/1p,?480M|__?Port?1:?Dev?2,?If?0,?Class=Hub,?Driver=hub/5p,?480M|__?Port?1:?Dev?3,?If?0,?Class=Vendor?Specific?Class,?Driver=smsc95xx,?480M|__?Port?4:?Dev?4,?If?0,?Class=Mass?Storage,?Driver=usb-storage,?480M

查看加載的內核驅動：

root@raspberrypi:~#?lsmod Module??????????????????Size??Used?by iptable_filter??????????1260??0? ip_tables??????????????11618??1?iptable_filter x_tables???????????????13602??2?ip_tables,iptable_filter sg?????????????????????18159??0? cfg80211??????????????420690??0? rfkill?????????????????16659??1?cfg80211 bcm2835_gpiomem?????????2995??0? uio_pdrv_genirq?????????2966??0? uio?????????????????????8235??1?uio_pdrv_genirq i2c_dev?????????????????6047??0? snd_bcm2835????????????19769??3? snd_pcm????????????????74825??1?snd_bcm2835 snd_timer??????????????18157??1?snd_pcm snd????????????????????52116??9?snd_bcm2835,snd_timer,snd_pcm fuse???????????????????81710??3? ipv6??????????????????339514??30

查看IP信息：

root@raspberrypi:~#?ifconfig eth0??????Link?encap:Ethernet??HWaddr?b8:27:eb:4c:5c:c4??inet?addr:10.11.12.100??Bcast:10.11.12.255??Mask:255.255.255.0inet6?addr:?fe80::ba27:ebff:fe4c:5cc4/64?Scope:LinkUP?BROADCAST?RUNNING?MULTICAST??MTU:1500??Metric:1RX?packets:1572?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?frame:0TX?packets:1377?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?carrier:0collisions:0?txqueuelen:1000?RX?bytes:113971?(111.2?KiB)??TX?bytes:213173?(208.1?KiB)lo????????Link?encap:Local?Loopback??inet?addr:127.0.0.1??Mask:255.0.0.0inet6?addr:?::1/128?Scope:HostUP?LOOPBACK?RUNNING??MTU:65536??Metric:1RX?packets:8?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?frame:0TX?packets:8?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?carrier:0collisions:0?txqueuelen:0?RX?bytes:1104?(1.0?KiB)??TX?bytes:1104?(1.0?KiB)

查看路由表：

root@raspberrypi:~#?route?-n Kernel?IP?routing?table Destination?????Gateway?????????Genmask?????????Flags?Metric?Ref????Use?Iface 0.0.0.0?????????10.11.12.13?????0.0.0.0?????????UG????202????0????????0?eth0 10.11.12.0??????0.0.0.0?????????255.255.255.0???U?????202????0????????0?eth0

查看開啟服務的端口，以及建立的連接

root@raspberrypi:~#?netstat?-lntpa Active?Internet?connections?(servers?and?established) Proto?Recv-Q?Send-Q?Local?Address???????????Foreign?Address?????????State???????PID/Program?name tcp????????0??????0?0.0.0.0:22??????????????0.0.0.0:*???????????????LISTEN??????469/sshd???????? tcp????????0????152?10.11.12.100:22?????????10.11.12.14:8041????????ESTABLISHED?798/0??????????? tcp6???????0??????0?:::22???????????????????:::*????????????????????LISTEN??????469/sshd

查看樹莓派上一共有多少個用戶

root@raspberrypi:~#?cat?/etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin list:x:38:38:Mailing?List?Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin gnats:x:41:41:Gnats?Bug-Reporting?System?(admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin systemd-timesync:x:100:103:systemd?Time?Synchronization,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false systemd-network:x:101:104:systemd?Network?Management,,,:/run/systemd/netif:/bin/false systemd-resolve:x:102:105:systemd?Resolver,,,:/run/systemd/resolve:/bin/false systemd-bus-proxy:x:103:106:systemd?Bus?Proxy,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false pi:x:1000:1000:,,,:/home/pi:/bin/bash sshd:x:104:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin messagebus:x:105:110::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false avahi:x:106:111:Avahi?mDNS?daemon,,,:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/bin/false ntp:x:107:112::/home/ntp:/bin/false statd:x:108:65534::/var/lib/nfs:/bin/false lightdm:x:109:114:Light?Display?Manager:/var/lib/lightdm:/bin/false

轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/990487026/1714461

總結

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