?由于公司臨時(shí)讓將Oracle的數(shù)據(jù)移植到mysql上面，所以讓我在公司服務(wù)器上面安裝一下mysql。下面就是我的安裝過(guò)程以及一些錯(cuò)誤解決思路。其實(shí)對(duì)于不同版本安裝大體都有差不多。

1. 從官網(wǎng)下載 mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

經(jīng)測(cè)試， 本文還適用于如下版本：?

mysql-5.7.10-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz?

mysql-5.7.11-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

官網(wǎng)：?http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

2.檢查你所用的Linux下有沒(méi)有安裝過(guò)mysql，沒(méi)有卸載干凈

12	#rpm -qa|grep -i mysqlmysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64

*可見(jiàn)已經(jīng)安裝了庫(kù)文件，應(yīng)該先卸載，不然會(huì)出現(xiàn)覆蓋錯(cuò)誤。注意卸:載時(shí)使用了--nodeps選項(xiàng)，忽略了依賴(lài)關(guān)系：

1	#rpm -e mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64?--nodeps

當(dāng)然你的也可能不止這一個(gè)文件，也可能有多個(gè)，那么你就依次 ?rpm -e xx --nodeps 卸載，卸載完了再檢查一下，若確定刪除干凈后，在經(jīng)行下面步驟。

3. 創(chuàng)建mysql的用戶(hù)組/用戶(hù), data目錄及其用戶(hù)目錄

? ?在這步之前一定要先確保你所建的用戶(hù)以及用戶(hù)組沒(méi)有存在，要不然在后面的過(guò)程中會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò),刪除時(shí)候要先刪除用戶(hù)在刪除用戶(hù)組名。

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# userdel mysql?????????????????????????????????????????? # 刪除用戶(hù)# groupdel mysql????????????????????????????????????????? # 刪除用戶(hù)組名# mkdir /home/mysql?????????????????????????????????????? # 在home文件夾下創(chuàng)建文件夾mysql# mkdir /home/mysql/data????????????????????????????????? # 在mysql文件夾下創(chuàng)建文件夾data??# groupadd mysql????????????????????????????????????????? # 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為mysql的用戶(hù)組???????# useradd -g mysql -d /home/mysql mysql?????????????????? # 在用戶(hù)組下創(chuàng)建用戶(hù)

　　

4、解壓安裝包并將解壓包里的內(nèi)容拷貝到mysql的安裝目錄/home/mysql

123	# tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz????????????? # 解壓文件# cd mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64??????????????????????????? # 進(jìn)入# mv * /home/mysql??????????????????????????????????????????????? # 移動(dòng)到之前我創(chuàng)建的mysql文件夾下。

5、初始化mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)（如果執(zhí)行錯(cuò)誤，繼續(xù)看博文下面內(nèi)容）

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# cd /home/mysql???????????????????????????????????????? # 進(jìn)入安裝目錄# ./bin/mysql_install_db??--user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data[WARNING] mysql_install_db?is?deprecated. Please consider switching?to?mysqld?--initialize 2015-11-10 02:09:23[WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty: 2015-11-10 02:09:23[WARNING] 2015-11-10T10:09:18.114182Z 0[Warning]?--bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead 2015-11-10T10:09:18.129343Z 0[Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000) 2015-11-10T10:09:18.129408Z 0[Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 431 (requested 2000)

mysql5.7新特性：由上面可以看出，?mysql_install_db?已經(jīng)不再推薦使用了，建議改成?mysqld --initialize?完成實(shí)例初始化。

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# ./bin/mysqld?--user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize# ./mysqld?--user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize[Warning]?TIMESTAMP?with?implicit?DEFAULT?value?is?deprecated. Please use?--explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).[ERROR]?--initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting. 2016-04-08T01:46:53.155879Z 0[ERROR] Aborting

出現(xiàn)上面的錯(cuò)誤是因?yàn)槲覀儧](méi)有清空mysql的data目錄， 執(zhí)行清空命令如下：

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# cd /home/mysql/data??????????????????????? # 進(jìn)入安裝目錄下的data目錄# rm -fr *?????????????????????????????????? # 清空數(shù)據(jù)# cd /home/mysql??????# ./bin/mysqld?--user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize[Warning]?TIMESTAMP?with?implicit?DEFAULT?value?is?deprecated. Please use?--explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2016-04-08T01:47:59.945537Z 0[Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2016-04-08T01:48:00.333528Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating?foreign?key?constraint?system tables. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.434908Z 0[Warning]?No?existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this?is?the?first?time?that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ece26421-fd2b-11e5-a1e3-00163e001e5c. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.440125Z 0[Warning] Gtid?table?is?not?ready?to?be used.?Table?'mysql.gtid_executed'?cannot be opened. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.440904Z 1[Note] A?temporary?password?is?generated?for?root@localhost: **mjT,#x_5sW

牢記上面的隨機(jī)密碼， 如上**mjT,#x_5sW, 下面我們修改密碼時(shí)需要用到。

6、檢測(cè)下是否能啟動(dòng)mysql服務(wù)（如果執(zhí)行錯(cuò)誤，繼續(xù)看博文下面內(nèi)容）

123	# cd /home/mysql# ./support-files/mysql.server startStarting MySQL.. OK!

這是正常的情況下。剛剛我用的是/home/mysql為mysql的安裝目錄basedir， 則在啟動(dòng)服務(wù)時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)如下錯(cuò)誤：

123	# ./support-files/mysql.server start./support-files/mysql.server: line 276: cd: /usr/local/mysql:?No?such file?or?directoryStarting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)

由上面可知mysql的tar.gz安裝包的默認(rèn)安裝目錄為/usr/local/mysql， 這時(shí)候我們需要修改/support-files/mysql.server文件的basedir和datadir目錄路徑為我們環(huán)境所在的mysql的basedir和datadir路徑， 如下：

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# vim support-files/mysql.server--------------------------...basedir=/home/mysqldatadir=/home/mysql/data...--------------------------# ./support-files/mysql.server startstart Starting MySQL.. OK!

注意：上面 basedir 以及datadir部分是手動(dòng)改的，那么在命令中如何手動(dòng)改，步驟 1、 按 鍵盤(pán) i 鍵（insert）,然后就可以在你想要的位置編寫(xiě)了。 2、編輯完畢退出，esc鍵。 3、Shift鍵 加 ：（冒號(hào)鍵）退出編輯。 4、wq! 保存編輯

7、創(chuàng)建軟鏈接

1	# ln -s /home/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

8、創(chuàng)建配置文件

下面的前3步操作過(guò)程中，可能會(huì)出錯(cuò)，如果有錯(cuò)就跳過(guò)，因?yàn)椴煌娔X的環(huán)境不一樣，1、將默認(rèn)生成的my.cnf備份

1	# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak

如果這一步報(bào)錯(cuò)，沒(méi)有關(guān)系，正常情況下是由于/ect文件夾下沒(méi)有my.cnf鎖引起的，創(chuàng)建一下就可以了，或者你不會(huì)創(chuàng)建 ， 直接使用 vim /ect/my.cnf 命令編輯 ， 然后直接退出編輯就可以，在執(zhí)行這個(gè)命令就不會(huì)出錯(cuò)了，退出編輯命令 esc鍵 -> (shift鍵+ ：(冒號(hào)鍵) -> wq! ),然后在執(zhí)行上面的命令就不會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)了。2、進(jìn)入mysql的安裝目錄支持文件目錄

1	# cd /home/mysql/support-files

3、拷貝配置文件模板為新的mysql配置文件,

1	# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

4、設(shè)置編碼，可按需修改新的配置文件選項(xiàng)， 不修改配置選項(xiàng)， mysql則按默認(rèn)配置參數(shù)運(yùn)行.? 如下是我修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf， 設(shè)置編碼為utf8以防亂碼

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# vim /etc/my.cnf----------------------------------------------------------------------?[mysqld] # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required. basedir = /home/mysql datadir = /home/mysql/data port = 3306 skip-grant-tables character_set_server=utf8 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' #設(shè)置最大連接數(shù)的控制 max_connections=500 # server_id = ..... # socket = ..... # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M? sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES? [client] default-character-set=utf8

有的時(shí)候使用這個(gè)命令后，前3步有問(wèn)題的這里可能my.cnf文件是空的，這個(gè)不要緊，既然沒(méi)有生成，那么你就自己編輯嘍！具體編輯怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)就參照步驟6.

9、配置mysql服務(wù)開(kāi)機(jī)自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)

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# cp /home/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld????? # 拷貝啟動(dòng)文件到/etc/init.d/下并重命令為mysqld# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld????????????????????????????????????? # 增加執(zhí)行權(quán)限# chkconfig?--list mysqld?????????????????????????????????????????? # 檢查自啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)列表中沒(méi)有mysqld這個(gè)，# chkconfig?--add mysqld??????????????????????????????????????????? # 如果沒(méi)有就添加mysqld：# chkconfig mysqld?on???????????????????????????????????????????????# 用這個(gè)命令設(shè)置開(kāi)機(jī)啟動(dòng)：

如果后面的操作中出現(xiàn)以下的問(wèn)題

這樣就是電腦環(huán)境的問(wèn)題了，你就直接把

?

10、mysql服務(wù)的啟動(dòng)/重啟/停止

123	# service mysqld start?????????????????????????????????????????????? # 啟動(dòng)服務(wù)# service mysqld restart???????????????????????????????????????????? # 重啟服務(wù)# service mysqld stop??????????????????????????????????????????????? # 停止服務(wù)

11、初始化mysql用戶(hù)root的密碼

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# cd /home/mysql[root@oracle mysql]# mysql -u root -p Enter password:? Welcome to the MySQL monitor. ?Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> update user set authentication_string = PASSWORD('123456') where user = 'root'; Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 ?Changed: 1 ?Warnings: 1 mysql> \s--------------mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.13,?for?linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapperConnection?id:? 3Current?database:?? mysqlCurrent?user:?? root@localhostSSL:????Not?in?useCurrent?pager:? stdoutUsing outfile:??''Using delimiter:??? ;Server version: 5.7.13 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Protocol version:?? 10Connection: Localhost via UNIX socketServer characterset:??? utf8Db characterset:??? utf8Client characterset:??? utf8Conn. characterset: utf8UNIX socket:??? /tmp/mysql.sockUptime: 1?hour?29?min?17 sec?Threads: 1 Questions: 50 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 136 Flush tables: 1?Open?tables: 129 Queries per?second?avg: 0.009--------------

?修改完成root的密碼之后，將my.cnf中的skip-grant-tables注釋掉

如果這一步完成不了的話(huà)，也就是修改不了密碼的話(huà)，你也可以直接下面的方式先登錄

但是如果不修改密碼，不進(jìn)每次登陸麻煩而且在執(zhí)行一些操作會(huì)報(bào)一下錯(cuò)誤

1	You must reset your?password?using?ALTER?USER?statement before executing this statement??? # 意思就是你必須重置你的密碼在執(zhí)行這個(gè)execute操作前

這里教大家用另外一種方式修改密碼，這個(gè)是在已經(jīng)登陸進(jìn)去的情況下依次執(zhí)行。

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mysql>?SET?PASSWORD?=?PASSWORD('123456');???????????? #?PASSWORD()里面的123456 是我設(shè)置的新密碼，你也可以設(shè)置成你的密碼Query OK, 0?rows?affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)Rows?matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1mysql>?ALTER?USER?'root'@'localhost'?PASSWORD?EXPIRE NEVER;Query OK, 0?rows?affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)Rows?matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1mysql> flush?privileges;Query OK, 0?rows?affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)Rows?matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1

12. mysql遠(yuǎn)程授權(quán)

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[root@testfornss ~]# mysql -u root -pEnter?password:Welcome?to?the MySQL monitor. Commands?end?with?;?or?\g.Your MySQL?connection?id?is?4Server version: 5.7.13 MySQL Community Server (GPL)?Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle?and/or?its affiliates.?All?rights reserved.?Oracle?is?a registered trademark?of?Oracle Corporation?and/or?itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks?of?their respectiveowners.?Type?'help;'?or?'\h'?for?help. Type?'\c'?to?clear the?current?input statement.?mysql>?grant?all?privileges?on?*.*?to?'root'@'%'?identified?by?'123456';Query OK, 0?rows?affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)?mysql>

　或者：

1	grant?all?on?*.*?to?'root'@'%'?identified?by?'123456';

如果不設(shè)置遠(yuǎn)程連接，用mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接工具可是連接不上的哦！！！

13.用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接工具來(lái)測(cè)試你剛剛的安裝是不是成功了

首先要知道，遠(yuǎn)程連接的Linux系統(tǒng)的ip，確保本機(jī)已經(jīng)能夠ping通的情況下再連接。

?

到這里說(shuō)明你的mysql安裝成功了，是不是感覺(jué)特別簡(jiǎn)單啊！！！！

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