1、query string search

搜索全部商品：

GET /ecommerce/product/_search

took：耗費了幾毫秒
timed_out：是否超時，這里是沒有
_shards：數據拆成了5個分片，所以對于搜索請求，會打到所有的primary shard（或者是它的某個replica shard也可以）
hits.total：查詢結果的數量，3個document
hits.max_score：score的含義，就是document對于一個search的相關度的匹配分數，越相關，就越匹配，分數也高
hits.hits：包含了匹配搜索的document的詳細數據

{"took": 2,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 3,"max_score": 1,"hits": [{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "2","_score": 1,"_source": {"name": "jiajieshi yagao","desc": "youxiao fangzhu","price": 25,"producer": "jiajieshi producer","tags": ["fangzhu"]}},{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "1","_score": 1,"_source": {"name": "gaolujie yagao","desc": "gaoxiao meibai","price": 30,"producer": "gaolujie producer","tags": ["meibai","fangzhu"]}},{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "3","_score": 1,"_source": {"name": "zhonghua yagao","desc": "caoben zhiwu","price": 40,"producer": "zhonghua producer","tags": ["qingxin"]}}]} }

query string search的由來，因為search參數都是以http請求的query string來附帶的

搜索商品名稱中包含yagao的商品，而且按照售價降序排序：

GET /ecommerce/product/_search?q=name:yagao&sort=price:desc

結果是：

{"took": 5,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 3,"max_score": null,"hits": [{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "3","_score": null,"_source": {"name": "zhonghua yagao","desc": "caoben zhiwu","price": 40,"producer": "zhonghua producer","tags": ["qingxin"]},"sort": [40]},{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "1","_score": null,"_source": {"name": "jiaqiangban gaoluejie yagao","desc": "gaoxiao meibai","price": 30,"producer": "gaolujie producer","tags": ["meibai","fangzhu"]},"sort": [30]},{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "2","_score": null,"_source": {"name": "jiajieshi yagao","desc": "youxiao fangzhu","price": 25,"producer": "jiajieshi producer","tags": ["fangzhu"]},"sort": [25]}]} }

適用于臨時的在命令行使用一些工具，比如curl，快速的發出請求，來檢索想要的信息；但是如果查詢請求很復雜，是很難去構建的
在生產環境中，幾乎很少使用query string search

2、query DSL

DSL：Domain Specified Language，特定領域的語言
http request body：請求體，可以用json的格式來構建查詢語法，比較方便，可以構建各種復雜的語法，比query string search肯定強大多了

查詢所有的商品

GET /ecommerce/product/_search {"query": { "match_all": {} } }

結果是：

{"took": 2,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 3,"max_score": 1,"hits": [{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "2","_score": 1,"_source": {"name": "jiajieshi yagao","desc": "youxiao fangzhu","price": 25,"producer": "jiajieshi producer","tags": ["fangzhu"]}},{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "1","_score": 1,"_source": {"name": "jiaqiangban gaoluejie yagao","desc": "gaoxiao meibai","price": 30,"producer": "gaolujie producer","tags": ["meibai","fangzhu"]}},{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "3","_score": 1,"_source": {"name": "zhonghua yagao","desc": "caoben zhiwu","price": 40,"producer": "zhonghua producer","tags": ["qingxin"]}}]} }

查詢名稱包含yagao的商品，同時按照價格降序排序

GET /ecommerce/product/_search {"query" : {"match" : {"name" : "yagao"}},"sort": [{ "price": "desc" }] }

結果是：

{"took": 3,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 1,"max_score": null,"hits": [{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "3","_score": null,"_source": {"name": "zhonghua yagao","desc": "caoben zhiwu","price": 40,"producer": "zhonghua producer","tags": ["qingxin"]},"sort": [40]}]} }

如果在查詢的時候報如下錯誤：

{"error": {"root_cause": [{"type": "illegal_argument_exception","reason": "Fielddata is disabled on text fields by default. Set fielddata=true on [price] in order to load fielddata in memory by uninverting the inverted index. Note that this can however use significant memory. Alternatively use a keyword field instead."}],"type": "search_phase_execution_exception","reason": "all shards failed","phase": "query","grouped": true,"failed_shards": [{"shard": 0,"index": "ecommerce","node": "DEtgiaiTSaWWvmOfvlvc6Q","reason": {"type": "illegal_argument_exception","reason": "Fielddata is disabled on text fields by default. Set fielddata=true on [price] in order to load fielddata in memory by uninverting the inverted index. Note that this can however use significant memory. Alternatively use a keyword field instead."}}]},"status": 400 }

解決辦法是（其中語法是：/type/_mapping/index）,然后添加fielddata屬性：

PUT /ecommerce/_mapping/product {"properties": {"price":{"type": "text","fielddata": true}} }

執行完成之后：

{"acknowledged": true }

分頁查詢商品，總共3條商品，假設每頁就顯示1條商品，現在顯示第2頁，所以就查出來第2個商品

GET /ecommerce/product/_search {"query": { "match_all": {} },"from": 1,"size": 1 }

結果是：

{"took": 4,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 3,"max_score": 1,"hits": [{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "1","_score": 1,"_source": {"name": "jiaqiangban gaoluejie yagao","desc": "gaoxiao meibai","price": 30,"producer": "gaolujie producer","tags": ["meibai","fangzhu"]}}]} }

指定要查詢出來商品的名稱和價格就可以

GET /ecommerce/product/_search {"query": { "match_all": {} },"_source": ["name", "price"] }

結果是：

{"took": 3,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 3,"max_score": 1,"hits": [{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "2","_score": 1,"_source": {"price": 25,"name": "jiajieshi yagao"}},{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "1","_score": 1,"_source": {"price": 30,"name": "jiaqiangban gaoluejie yagao"}},{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "3","_score": 1,"_source": {"price": 40,"name": "zhonghua yagao"}}]} }

更加適合生產環境的使用，可以構建復雜的查詢

3、query filter

搜索商品名稱包含yagao，而且售價大于25元的商品

GET /ecommerce/product/_search {"query" : {"bool" : {"must" : {"match" : {"name" : "yagao" }},"filter" : {"range" : {"price" : { "gt" : 25 } }}}} }

結果是：

{"took": 68,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 2,"max_score": 0.25811607,"hits": [{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "3","_score": 0.25811607,"_source": {"name": "zhonghua yagao","desc": "caoben zhiwu","price": 40,"producer": "zhonghua producer","tags": ["qingxin"]}},{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "1","_score": 0.25316024,"_source": {"name": "jiaqiangban gaoluejie yagao","desc": "gaoxiao meibai","price": 30,"producer": "gaolujie producer","tags": ["meibai","fangzhu"]}}]} }

4、full-text search（全文檢索）

先添加一條記錄：

put /ecommerce/product/4 {"name":"special yagao","desc":"special meibai","price":50,"producer":"special yagao producer","tags":["meibai"] }

進行查詢

GET /ecommerce/product/_search {"query" : {"match" : {"producer" : "yagao producer"}} }

上面的producer這個字段，會先被拆解，建立倒排索引

special 4
yagao 4
producer 1,2,3,4
gaolujie 1
zhognhua 3
jiajieshi 2

也就是說yagao producer 會被拆解成： yagao和producer，最后查詢出來的結果是：

{"took": 4,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 4,"max_score": 0.25811607,"hits": [{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "1","_score": 0.25811607,"_source": {"name": "jiaqiangban gaoluejie yagao","desc": "gaoxiao meibai","price": 30,"producer": "gaolujie producer","tags": ["meibai","fangzhu"]}},{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "3","_score": 0.25811607,"_source": {"name": "zhonghua yagao","desc": "caoben zhiwu","price": 40,"producer": "zhonghua producer","tags": ["qingxin"]}},{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "2","_score": 0.1805489,"_source": {"name": "jiajieshi yagao","desc": "youxiao fangzhu","price": 25,"producer": "jiajieshi producer","tags": ["fangzhu"]}},{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "4","_score": 0.14638957,"_source": {"name": "special yagao","desc": "special meibai","price": 50,"producer": "special yagao producer","tags": ["meibai"]}}]} }

5、phrase search（短語搜索）

跟全文檢索相對應，相反，全文檢索會將輸入的搜索串拆解開來，去倒排索引里面去一一匹配，只要能匹配上任意一個拆解后的單詞，就可以作為結果返回
phrase search，要求輸入的搜索串，必須在指定的字段文本中，完全包含一模一樣的，才可以算匹配，才能作為結果返回

GET /ecommerce/product/_search {"query" : {"match_phrase" : {"producer" : "yagao producer"}} }

搜索到的結果是：

{"took": 11,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 1,"max_score": 0.70293105,"hits": [{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "4","_score": 0.70293105,"_source": {"name": "special yagao","desc": "special meibai","price": 50,"producer": "special yagao producer","tags": ["meibai"]}}]} }

6、highlight search（高亮搜索結果）

GET /ecommerce/product/_search {"query" : {"match" : {"producer" : "producer"}},"highlight": {"fields" : {"producer" : {}}} }

查詢出來的結果是：

{"took": 50,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 4,"max_score": 0.25811607,"hits": [{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "1","_score": 0.25811607,"_source": {"name": "jiaqiangban gaoluejie yagao","desc": "gaoxiao meibai","price": 30,"producer": "gaolujie producer","tags": ["meibai","fangzhu"]},"highlight": {"producer": ["gaolujie <em>producer</em>"]}},{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "3","_score": 0.25811607,"_source": {"name": "zhonghua yagao","desc": "caoben zhiwu","price": 40,"producer": "zhonghua producer","tags": ["qingxin"]},"highlight": {"producer": ["zhonghua <em>producer</em>"]}},{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "2","_score": 0.1805489,"_source": {"name": "jiajieshi yagao","desc": "youxiao fangzhu","price": 25,"producer": "jiajieshi producer","tags": ["fangzhu"]},"highlight": {"producer": ["jiajieshi <em>producer</em>"]}},{"_index": "ecommerce","_type": "product","_id": "4","_score": 0.14638957,"_source": {"name": "special yagao","desc": "special meibai","price": 50,"producer": "special yagao producer","tags": ["meibai"]},"highlight": {"producer": ["special yagao <em>producer</em>"]}}]} }

總結

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的ES的多种搜索机制：query string search,query DSL,query filter,full-text search,phrase search,highlight search的全部內容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

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