大綱

一、庫管理

二、表管理

三、索引管理

四、用戶管理

五、視圖管理

六、SELECT查詢

一、庫管理

(1)、創建數據庫CREATE?DATABASE?db_name?[CHARACTER?SET?[=]?charset_name]?[COLLATE?[=]?collation_name];

mysql>?CREATE?DATABASE?IF?NOT?EXISTS?testdb?CHARACTER?SET?'gbk'?COLLATE?'gbk_chinese_ci';

(2)、刪除數據庫

DROP?DATABASE?[IF?EXISTS]?db_name;

mysql>?DROP?DATABASE?testdb;

(3)、查看所有數據庫

SHOW?DATABASES;

mysql>?SHOW?DATABASES;

二、表管理

(1)、創建表CREATE?TABLE?[IF?NOT?EXISTS]?db_name.tb_name(?col_name?column_definition);

CREATE?[TEMPORARY]?TABLE?[IF?NOT?EXISTS]?tbl_name?select_statement

CREATE?[TEMPORARY]?TABLE?[IF?NOT?EXISTS]?tbl_name?{?LIKE?old_tbl_name?|?(LIKE?old_tbl_name)?}

mysql>?CREATE?TABLE?user(Name?CHAR(5)?NOT?NULL,Age?TINYINT?UNSIGNED,Gender?ENUM('M','F')?NOT?NULL);

mysql>?CREATE?TABLE?testuser?SELECT?User,Host,Password?FROM?mysql.user;

mysql>?CREATE?TABLE?testusers?LIKE?mysql.user;

(2)、刪除表DROP?TABLE?[IF?EXISTS]?tb_name;

mysql>?DROP?TABLE?students;

(3)、查看表SHOW?TABLES?FROM?db_name;

mysql>?SHOW?TABLES?FROM?testdb;

(4)、查看表結構DESC?tb_name;

mysql>?DESC?students;

(5)、修改表字段的數據類型或者類型修飾符ALTER?TABLE?tb_name?MODIFY?[COLUMN]?col_name?column_definition?[FIRST?|?AFTER?col_name];

mysql>?ALTER?TABLE?students?MODIFY?Course?VARCHAR(10)?NOT?NULL?AFTER?Gender;

(5)、修改表字段的字段名稱ALTER?TABLE?tb_name?CHANGE?old_col_name?new_col_name?column_definition?[FIRST|AFTER?col_name];

mysql>?ALTER?TABLE?students?CHANGE?course?Course?VARCHAR(20)?AFTER?Name;

(6)、新增表字段ALTER?TABLE?tb_name?ADD?[COLUMN]?col_name?column_definition?[FIRST?|?AFTER?col_name];

mysql>?ALTER?TABLE?students?ADD?course?varchar(20);

(7)、刪除表字段ALTER?TABLE?tb_name?DROP?[COLUMN]?col_name;

mysql>?ALTER?TABLE?students?DROP?Course;

(8)、修改表名稱ALTER?TABLE?tb_name??RENAME?[TO|AS]?new_tbl_name;

RENAME?TABLE?tbl_name?TO?new_tbl_name

mysql>?ALTER?TABLE?Course?RENAME?student;

mysql>?RENAME?TABLE?testuser?TO?test;

(9)、修改表的存儲引擎ALTER?TABLE?tb_name??engine?engine_name;

mysql>?ALTER?TABLE?student?ENGINE?Innodb;

(10)、添加唯一鍵ALTER?TABLE?tb_name??ADD?UNIQUE?[KEY]?(index_col_name,...);

mysql>?ALTER?TABLE?Course?ADD?UNIQUE?KEY?(Name);

(11)、添加外鍵約束(存儲引擎必須支持事務才能添加)ALTER?TABLE?tb_name??ADD?FOREIGN?(index_col_name,...)?REFERENCES?tb_name?(col_name);

mysql>?ALTER?TABLE?Course?ADD?FOREIGN?KEY?(CID)?REFERENCES?student?(CID);

(12)、查看表結構DESC?tb_name;

mysql>?DESC?students;

(13)、往表中插入數據INSERT?INTO?tb_name?[(col1,col2,...)]?VALUES|VALUE?('STRING',?NUM,...),('STRING',NUM,...);

mysql>?INSERT?INTO?students?VALUES?('QiaoFeng',24,'M','XiangLongshibaZhang'),

->?('DuanYu',22,'M','LiumaiShenjian'),

->?('XuZhu',23,'M','XiaoYaoGong'),

->?('Murongfu',26,'M','DouzhuanXingyi');

(14)、修改表中數據UPDATE?tb_name?SET?column=value?WHERE?CONDITION;

mysql>?UPDATE?students?SET?Gender='F'?WHERE?Name='Murongfu';

(15)、刪除表中數據

DELETE?FROM?tb_name?WHERE?CONDITION;

mysql>?DELETE?FROM?students?WHERE?Name='QiaoFeng';

(16)、清空表數據TRUNCATE?TABLE?tb_name;

mysql>?TRUNCATE?TABLE?students;

三、索引管理

(1)、創建索引

CREATE?INDEX?index_name?ON?tb_name?(index_col_name)?[index_option]?...

mysql>?CREATE?INDEX?foreign_id?ON?student?(Name(4)?DESC)?USING?BTREE;

(2)、刪除索引

DROP?[ONLINE|OFFLINE]?INDEX?index_name?ON?tbl_name

mysql>?DROP?INDEX?foreign_id?ON?student;

(3)、查看索引

SHOW?{INDEX?|?INDEXES?|?KEYS}?{FROM?|?IN}?tbl_name

mysql>?SHOW?INDEXES?FROM?student;

四、用戶管理

(1)、創建用戶CREATE?USER?'USERNAME'@'HOST'?[IDENTIFIED?BY?'PASSWORD'];

mysql>?CREATE?USER?'admin'@'172.16.1.111'?IDENTIFIED?BY?'redhat';

(2)、刪除用戶

DROP?USER?'USERNAME'@'HOST';

mysql>?DROP?USER?'admin'@'172.16.1.111';

(3)、給用戶授權GRANT?pri1,pri2,...?ON?DB_NAME.TB_NAME?TO?'USERNAME'@'HOST'?[IDENTIFIED?BY?'PASSWORD'];

mysql>?GRANT?ALL?PRIVILEGES?ON?*.*?TO?'root'@'%'?IDENTIFIED?BY?'redhat';

(4)、回收用戶權限REVOKE?pri1,pri2,...?ON?DB_NAME.TB_NAME?FROM?'USERNAME'@'HOST';

mysql>?REVOKE?SELECT?ON?testdb.*?FROM?'admin'@'172.16.1.103';

(5)、查看用戶的授權

SHOW?GRANTS?FOR?'USERNAME'@'HOST';

mysql>?SHOW?GRANTS?FOR?'admin'@'172.16.1.111';

(6)、列級別授權GRANT?pri1(col_name)?ON?DB_NAME.TB_NAME?TO?'USERNAME'@'HOST'?[IDENTIFIED?BY?'PASSWORD'];

mysql>?GRANT?UPDATE(Age)?ON?testdb.test?TO?'admin'@'%';

(7)、用戶重命名RENAME?USER?old_user?TO?new_user

RENAME?USER?'admin'@'%'?TO?'admin'@'172.16.1.108';

(8)、給用戶加密碼第一種：SET?PASSWORD?FOR?'USERNAME'@'HOST'=PASSWORD('NEW_PASSWORD');

mysql>?SET?PASSWORD?FOR?'root'@'localhost'=PASSWORD('redhat');

Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.03?sec)

第二種：mysqladmin-uUSERNAME?-hHOST??password?'NEW_PASSWORD'?-p

[root@soysauce?~]#?mysqladmin?-uroot?-h?localhost?-p?password?'redhat'

Enter?password:

第三種：UPDATE?mysql.user?SET?Password=PASSWORD('NEW_PASSWD')?WHERE?User='USERNAME'?AND?Host='HOST';

mysql>?UPDATE?mysql.user?SET?Password=PASSWORD('redhat')?WHERE?User='root';

Query?OK,?4?rows?affected?(0.06?sec)

Rows?matched:?4??Changed:?4??Warnings:?0

mysql>?FLUSH?PRIVILEGES;

Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.00?sec)

mysql>?exit

Bye

(9)、忘記mysql管理員密碼[root@soysauce?~]#?service?mysqld?stop

Shutting?down?MySQL.?SUCCESS!

[root@soysauce?~]#?mysqld_safe?--skip-grant-tables?--skip-networking?&

[1]?50967

[root@soysauce?~]#?151224?21:31:23?mysqld_safe?Logging?to?'/data/mysql/soysauce.err'.

151224?21:31:23?mysqld_safe?Starting?mysqld?daemon?with?databases?from?/data/mysql

[root@soysauce?~]#?mysql

Welcome?to?the?MySQL?monitor.??Commands?end?with?;?or?\g.

Your?MySQL?connection?id?is?1

Server?version:?5.5.28-log?MySQL?Community?Server?(GPL)

Copyright?(c)?2000,?2013,?Oracle?and/or?its?affiliates.?All?rights?reserved.

Oracle?is?a?registered?trademark?of?Oracle?Corporation?and/or?its

affiliates.?Other?names?may?be?trademarks?of?their?respective

owners.

Type?'help;'?or?'\h'?for?help.?Type?'\c'?to?clear?the?current?input?statement.

mysql>?UPDATE?mysql.user?SET?Password=PASSWORD('redhat')?WHERE?User='root'?AND?Host='localhost';

Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.07?sec)

Rows?matched:?1??Changed:?0??Warnings:?0

mysql>?FLUSH?PRIVILEGES;

Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.14?sec)

mysql>?exit

Bye

[root@soysauce?~]#?service?mysqld?stop

Shutting?down?MySQL.151224?21:32:46?mysqld_safe?mysqld?from?pid?file?/data/mysql/soysauce.pid?ended

SUCCESS!

[1]+??Done????????????????????mysqld_safe?--skip-grant-tables?--skip-networking

[root@soysauce?~]#?service?mysqld?start

Starting?MySQL..?SUCCESS!

[root@soysauce?~]#?mysql?-uroot?-p

Enter?password:

Welcome?to?the?MySQL?monitor.??Commands?end?with?;?or?\g.

Your?MySQL?connection?id?is?1

Server?version:?5.5.28-log?MySQL?Community?Server?(GPL)

Copyright?(c)?2000,?2013,?Oracle?and/or?its?affiliates.?All?rights?reserved.

Oracle?is?a?registered?trademark?of?Oracle?Corporation?and/or?its

affiliates.?Other?names?may?be?trademarks?of?their?respective

owners.

Type?'help;'?or?'\h'?for?help.?Type?'\c'?to?clear?the?current?input?statement.

mysql>

五、視圖管理

(1)、創建視圖CREATE?VIEW?view_name?[(column_list)]?AS?select_statement

mysql>?CREATE?VIEW?stu?AS?SELECT?*?FROM?students?LIMIT?5;

(2)、刪除視圖

DROP?VIEW?[IF?EXISTS]?view_name?[,?view_name]?...

mysql>?DROP?VIEW?stu;

六、SELECT查詢

1、單表查詢(簡單查詢)

(1)、選擇SELECT?*?FROM?tb_name;

mysql>?SELECT?*?FROM?students?WHERE?Age>=20;

(2)、投影SELECT?field1,field2?FROM?tb_name;

mysql>?SELECT?Name,Age?FROM?students;

(3)、選擇加投影SELECT?[DISTINCT]?*?FROM?tb_name?WHERE?qualification;

mysql>?SELECT?Name,Age?FROM?students?WHERE?Age?>=?20;

(4)、相同的值只顯示一次SELECT?[DISTINCT]?*?FROM?tb_name?WHERE?qualification;

mysql>?SELECT?DISTINCT?Gender?FROM?students;

(5)、比較運算符

>：大于

<=：小于等于

>=：大于等于

=：等于

!=：不等于

mysql>?SELECT?*?FROM?students?WHERE?Age>=20;

(6)、組合條件查詢AND：邏輯與

OR：邏輯或

NOT：邏輯非

mysql>?SELECT?*?FROM?students?WHERE?Age>20?AND?Gender='M';

mysql>?SELECT?*?FROM?students?WHERE?Age>20?OR?Gender='M';

mysql>?SELECT?*?FROM?students?WHERE?NOT?Age>20;

mysql>?SELECT?*?FROM?students?WHERE?NOT?(Age>20?OR?Gender='M');

(7)、兩數值之間BETWEEN?value1?AND?value2

mysql>?SELECT?*?FROM?students?WHERE?Age?BETWEEN?20?AND?25;

(8)、基于通配或正則做條件匹配LIKE?'wildcard'

%：任意長度的任意字符

_：任意單個字符

RLIKE?'REGEXP'

mysql>?SELECT?*?FROM?students?WHERE?Name?LIKE?'y%';

mysql>?SELECT?*?FROM?students?WHERE?Name?LIKE?'y____';

mysql>?SELECT?*?FROM?students?WHERE?Name?LIKE?'%ing%';

mysql>?SELECT?*?FROM?students?WHERE?Name?RLIKE?'^[XY].*';

mysql>?SELECT?*?FROM?students?WHERE?Age?RLIKE?'(18|20|25)';

(9)、判斷是否為空或不空IS?NOT?NULL：不為空

IS?NULL：為空

mysql>?SELECT?*?FROM?students?WHERE?CID2?IS?NULL;

mysql>?SELECT?*?FROM?students?WHERE?CID2?IS?NOT?NULL;

(10)、離散列表表示IN?(value1,value2...)

mysql>?SELECT?*?FROM?students?WHERE?Age?IN?(18,20,25);

(11)、查詢結果排序ORDER?BY?field_name?{ASC|DESC}

mysql>?SELECT?*?FROM?students?WHERE?CID2?IS?NOT?NULL?ORDER?BY?Age?DESC;

(12)、別名col_name?AS?Alias

mysql>?SELECT?Name?AS?Student_Name?FROM?students;

(13)、LIMITLIMIT?[offset,]Count

mysql>?SELECT?Name?AS?Student_Name?FROM?students?LIMIT?2;????????#?顯示2個

mysql>?SELECT?Name?AS?Student_Name?FROM?students?LIMIT?2,3;????????#?偏移量為2，往后取3個

(14)、聚合SUM()：和

MIN()：最小值

MAX()：最大值

AVG()：平均數

COUNT()：總個數

mysql>?SELECT?SUM(Age)?FROM?students;

mysql>?SELECT?MAX(Age)?FROM?students;

mysql>?SELECT?MIN(Age)?FROM?students;

mysql>?SELECT?AVG(Age)?FROM?students;

mysql>?SELECT?COUNT(Age)?FROM?students;

(15)、分組

GROUP?BY?[HAVING?where_condition]

mysql>?SELECT?Gender,AVG(Age)?FROM?students?GROUP?BY?Gender;

mysql>?SELECT?CID1,COUNT(CID1)?AS?Persons?FROM?students?GROUP?BY?CID1;

mysql>?SELECT?CID1,COUNT(CID1)?AS?Persons?FROM?students?GROUP?BY?CID1?HAVING?Persons>=2;

2、多表查詢

(1)、笛卡爾積(交叉連接)mysql>?SELECT?*?FROM?students,courses;

(2)、自然連接mysql>?SELECT?students.Name,courses.Cname?FROM?students,courses?WHERE?students.CID1?=?courses.CID;

mysql>?SELECT?s.Name,c.Cname?FROM?students?AS?s,courses?AS?c?WHERE?s.CID1?=?c.CID;

(3)、左外連接mysql>?SELECT?s.Name,c.Cname?FROM?students?AS?s?LEFT?JOIN?courses?AS?c?ON?s.CID1?=?c.CID;

+--------------+------------------+

|?Name?????????|?Cname????????????|

+--------------+------------------+

|?GuoJing??????|?TaiJiquan????????|

|?YangGuo??????|?TaiJiquan????????|

|?DingDian?????|?Qishangquan??????|

|?HuFei????????|?Wanliduxing??????|

|?HuangRong????|?Qianzhuwandushou?|

|?YueLingshang?|?Wanliduxing??????|

|?ZhangWuji????|?Hamagong?????????|

|?Xuzhu????????|?TaiJiquan????????|

|?LingHuchong??|?NULL?????????????|

|?YiLin????????|?NULL?????????????|

+--------------+------------------+

10?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec)

(4)、右外連接mysql>?SELECT?s.Name,c.Cname?FROM?students?AS?s?RIGHT?JOIN?courses?AS?c?ON?s.CID1?=?c.CID;

+--------------+------------------+

|?Name?????????|?Cname????????????|

+--------------+------------------+

|?ZhangWuji????|?Hamagong?????????|

|?GuoJing??????|?TaiJiquan????????|

|?YangGuo??????|?TaiJiquan????????|

|?Xuzhu????????|?TaiJiquan????????|

|?NULL?????????|?Yiyangzhi????????|

|?NULL?????????|?Jinshejianfa?????|

|?HuangRong????|?Qianzhuwandushou?|

|?DingDian?????|?Qishangquan??????|

|?NULL?????????|?Qiankundanuoyi???|

|?HuFei????????|?Wanliduxing??????|

|?YueLingshang?|?Wanliduxing??????|

|?NULL?????????|?Pixiejianfa??????|

|?NULL?????????|?Jiuyinbaiguzhua??|

+--------------+------------------+

13?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec)

(5)、自連接

mysql>?SELECT?s.Name?AS?Stu,c.Name?AS?Teacher?FROM?students?AS?s,students?AS?c?WHERE?s.TID?=?c.SID;

+-----------+-------------+

|?Stu???????|?Teacher?????|

+-----------+-------------+

|?GuoJing???|?DingDian????|

|?YangGuo???|?GuoJing?????|

|?DingDian??|?ZhangWuji???|

|?HuFei?????|?HuangRong???|

|?HuangRong?|?LingHuchong?|

+-----------+-------------+

5?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec)

3、子查詢比較操作中使用子查詢：子查詢只能返回單個值

mysql>?SELECT?Name?FROM?students?WHERE?Age?>?(SELECT?AVG(Age)?FROM?students);

mysql>?SELECT?Name?FROM?students?WHERE?Age?IN?(SELECT?Age?FROM?tutors);

mysql>?SELECT?s.Name?FROM?students?AS?s?WHERE?s.CID2?IN?(SELECT?CID?FROM?courses);

mysql>?SELECT?Name?FROM?(SELECT?Name,Age?FROM?students)?AS?t?WHERE?t.Age?>=?20;

mysql>?SELECT?Name?FROM?students?WHERE?students.CID2?IN?(SELECT?CID?FROM??courses);

4、聯合查詢mysql>?(SELECT?Name,Age?FROM?students)?UNION?(SELECT?Tname,Age?FROM?tutors);

補充：

SELECT STATEMENT

MySQL Operator

總結

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