什么比寫論文更慘？
改論文！！
特別是搞量化數據的，少個數據或報告格式不正確的話，重新搞數據和格式吧——又要打開spss，又要在網上看數據分析步驟，又要在熟悉的word界面花上一天。
所以，在數據分析前學習一下數據報告的標準格式還是很有必要的。
下面簡單介紹下APA（5th）的數據報告格式——（個人分享，僅供參考）

常用的數據通常包括：描述性數據（均值M，標準差SD），p值，t值等等。
小數點保留兩位（保留3位小數點也OK），
全部的數據符號如果不是希臘符號的話，就需要斜體，符號之間要空格。

1、描述性數據：均值和標準差，和百分比（1）均值和標準差均值和保準差要一起報告！均值和保準差要一起報告！均值和保準差要一起報告！
均值和標準差通常放在括號中，成對出現；如果均值在前面已經報告，則需要在句末加上括號和標準差。
栗子：
? The sample as a whole was relatively young (M = 19.22, SD = 3.45).
? The average age of students was 19.22 years (SD = 3.45).（2）百分比
百分比的話通常也放在括號中呈現，以數字加%形式，不要加小數位。
栗子：
? Nearly half (49%) of the sample was married.2、p值
有兩種方式報告p值：
（1）如果主要用來驗證原假設的話，通常是.05或.01兩個界限
栗子：

• F(1, 24) = 44.4, p < .01.

也可以寫出確切的p值，但是要提前在結果部分說明所使用的顯著標準是什么：For example: “We used an alpha level of .05 for all statistical tests.”
報告確切p值的栗子
t(33) = 2.10, p = .03
如果p值小于.001，直接說明p < .001即可。

（2）如果結果p值不顯著（≥.10）的話，則可以說“marginally significant”
栗子：
Results indicated a marginally significant preference for pecan pie (M = 3.45, SD = 1.11) over cherry pie (M = 3.00, SD = .80), t(5) = 1.25, p = .08.
如果p值超過.10，則不顯著
栗子：
Results indicated a non-significant trending in the predicted direction indicating a preference for pecan pie (M = 3.45, SD = 2.11) over cherry pie (M = 3.00, SD = 2.80), t(5) = 1.25, p = .26.3、相關分析
以Pearson's r (Pearson's Correlation Coefficient) 為栗子

• r(degrees of freedom,N減2) = the r statistic, p = p value
• 栗子：
• The variables shoe size and height were found to be strongly correlated, r(128) = .89, p < .01.
• Among the students of Hogwarts University, the number of hours playing Fortnite per week and midterm exam results were negatively correlated, r(78) = -.45, p < .001.

4、t-test t檢驗
? There was a significant effect for gender, t(54) = 5.43, p < .001, with men receiving
higher scores than women.
? Results indicate a significant preference for pecan pie (M = 3.45, SD = 1.11) over cherry pie (M = 3.00, SD = .80), t(15) = 4.00, p = .001.
? The 36 study participants had a mean age of 27.4 (SD = 12.6) were significantly older than the university norm of 21.2 years, t(35) = 2.95, p = 0.01.5、AVOWA
和t檢驗基本一致，
（1）One-way ANOVA:
? The 12 participants in the high dosage group had an average reaction time of 12.3 seconds (SD = 4.1); the 9 participants in the moderate dosage group had an average reaction time of 7.4 seconds (SD = 2.3), and the 8 participants in the control group had a mean of 6.6 (SD = 3.1). The effect of dosage, therefore, was significant, F(2,26) = 8.76, p=.012.
? An one way analysis of variance showed that the effect of noise was significant, F(3,27)= 5.94, p = .007. Post hoc analyses using the Scheffé post hoc criterion for significance indicated that the average number of errors was significantly lower in the white noise condition (M = 12.4, SD = 2.26) than in the other two noise conditions (traffic and industrial) combined (M = 13.62, SD = 5.56), F(3, 27) = 7.77, p = .042.

（2）Multiple Factor (Independent Variable) ANOVA

? There was a significant main effect for treatment, F(1, 145) = 5.43, p < .01, and a significant interaction, F(2, 145) = 3.13, p < .05.

? The cell sizes, means, and standard deviations for the 3x4 factorial design are presented in Table 1. The main effect of Dosage was marginally significant (F[2,17] = 3.23, p = .067), as was the main effect of diagnosis category, F(3,17) = 2.87, p = .097. The interaction of dosage and diagnosis, however, has significant, F(6,17) = 14.2, p = .0005.

6、Tables 表格格式

?APA style tables do not contain any vertical lines 表格沒有垂直線

?There are no periods used after the table number or title. 文字后沒有句號

?When using columns with decimal numbers, make the decimal points line up. 小數位一致

栗子：

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references：

http://ich.vscht.cz/~svozil/lectures/vscht/2015_2016/sad/APA_style2.pdf?ich.vscht.czReporting Statistics in Your Paper?abacus.bates.edu

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