實驗環境: Citrix虛擬化, RHEL6.4系統環境

本文目的: 熟悉Linux的基本磁盤分區、格式化、目錄掛載。

1.顯示當前主機目錄

2.磁盤分區

3.磁盤格式化

4.掛載目錄

1. 顯示當前主機目錄

命令df -h

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem? ? ? ? ? ? Size? Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root

26G? 2.9G? 22G? 13% /

tmpfs? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1.9G? ? 0? 1.9G? 0% /dev/shm

/dev/xvda1? ? ? ? ? ? 485M? 32M? 428M? 7% /boot

2. 磁盤分區

2.1 顯示機器當前的磁盤:

命令fdisk -l

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/xvdb

Disk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

注:這里知道新增磁盤為/dev/xvdb,就直接指定了,縮減顯示篇幅。

2.2 fdisk 分區 /dev/xvdb:

fdisk /dev/xvdb 根據幫助提示分區,這里是把/dev/xvdb分成一個區.

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/xvdb

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0adfd119.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m

Command action

a? toggle a bootable flag

b? edit bsd disklabel

c? toggle the dos compatibility flag

d? delete a partition

l? list known partition types

m? print this menu

n? add a new partition

o? create a new empty DOS partition table

p? print the partition table

q? quit without saving changes

s? create a new empty Sun disklabel

t? change a partition's system id

u? change display/entry units

v? verify the partition table

w? write table to disk and exit

x? extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e? extended

p? primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-6527, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-6527, default 6527):

Using default value 6527

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x0adfd119

Device Boot? ? ? Start? ? ? ? End? ? ? Blocks? Id? System

/dev/xvdb1? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1? ? ? ? 6527? ? 52428096? 83? Linux

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

3. 磁盤格式化

命令mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1分區為ext4的文件系統格式。

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

3276800 inodes, 13107024 blocks

655351 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

400 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000, 7962624, 11239424

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.? Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

4.掛載目錄

4.1 手工掛載

新建目錄/u01mkdir -p /u01

掛載設備到目錄/u01mount /dev/xvdb1 /u01

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /u01

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/xvdb1 /u01

4.2 開機自動掛載

修改/etc/fstab配置文件,末尾添加一行:

/dev/xvdb1? ? ? ? ? ? ? /u01? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ext4? ? defaults? ? ? ? 0 0

顯示當前目錄,已成功掛載/u01目錄:

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem? ? ? ? ? ? Size? Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root

26G? 2.9G? 22G? 13% /

tmpfs? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1.9G? ? 0? 1.9G? 0% /dev/shm

/dev/xvda1? ? ? ? ? ? 485M? 32M? 428M? 7% /boot

/dev/xvdb1? ? ? ? ? ? 50G? 180M? 47G? 1% /u01

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