前言

學習圖形學編程的時候，其實在MacOS的編程環境默認都是用Xcode，Windows又經常用Visual Studio。但是因為我經常要在Windows 和 MacOS上切換編程，偶爾還得跑到Ubuntu上去，也不想反復的切換不同的IDE，所以我選擇了Clion。Clion 好的好處就是跨平臺的使用。

今天花了幾個小時在MacOS上配置了Clion+Vulkan的開發環境，對于后期學習Vulkan做鋪墊。了解Clion的人都知道，Clion的C/C++編程采用的是cmake 做工程構建，這樣子又可以逼迫我使用一個跨平臺的構架方案，對于底層的工程構建可以了如指掌，也可促使我更進一步的了解和學習cmake。

我的工作環境

MacOS: Big Sur

gcc verson

~/C/V/shaders ??? gcc --versionConfigured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1Apple clang version 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.27)Target: x86_64-apple-darwin20.2.0Thread model: posixInstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin

配置Vulkan所需要的Lib

Vulkan的MacOS的配置主要參考Vulkan Tutorial的Development Environment。但是很對MacOS的文章只提供了XCode的配置，但是其實對于文件包的依賴都是一樣的。主要是需要三樣東西: Vulkan SDK, GLFW，GLM.

我們分別看一下如何安裝這三樣東西。

安裝Vulkan SDK

Vulkan SDK可以直接從https://vulkan.lunarg.com/sdk/home下載。其具體的安裝過程可參考Getting Started with the macOS Vulkan SDK。在具體安裝的環節，我采用了Install the SDK - Alternate method using system paths這一步。即通過運行sdk自帶的python安裝腳本來進行安裝：

sudo ./install_vulkan.py

腳本的運行結果如下，主要是把vulkan sdk 的庫和頭文件分別安裝到了系統目錄 /usr/local下。

/usr/local/lib is one of the directories that linker searches for required libraries. 用戶安裝的lib一般都會放在/usr/local 這個folder內。Clion搜索庫的依據主要來自于cmake 所定義的include_directories所指定的路徑。

Copying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/bin/spirv-opt to /usr/local/binCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/bin/vkvia to /usr/local/binCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/SPVRemapperTargets-release.cmake to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkanCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/SPIRV-Tools to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkan/SPIRV-ToolsCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/bin/spirv-link to /usr/local/binCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/bin/spirv-cfg to /usr/local/binCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libspirv-cross-c-shared.0.44.0.dylib to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/bin/spirv-val to /usr/local/binCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/include/vulkan to /usr/local/include/vulkanCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/SPIRVTargets.cmake to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkanCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libSPIRV.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/bin/MoltenVKShaderConverter to /usr/local/binCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/glslangTargets-release.cmake to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkanCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/share/vulkan to /usr/local/share/vulkanCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libshaderc_util.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libSPIRV-Tools.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/bin/vulkaninfo to /usr/local/binCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/bin/spirv-as to /usr/local/binCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libSPIRV-Tools-opt.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/SPIRVTargets-release.cmake to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkanCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/Applications/vkconfig.app to /Applications/vkconfig.appCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/glslangValidatorTargets.cmake to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkanCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/OGLCompilerTargets.cmake to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkanCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libspirv-cross-c-shared.dylib to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libspirv-cross-cpp.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/bin/glslc to /usr/local/binCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/HLSLTargets.cmake to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkanCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/Applications/vkcubepp.app to /Applications/vkcubepp.appCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libGenericCodeGen.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libspirv-cross-c-shared.0.dylib to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libspirv-cross-glsl.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libspirv-cross-msl.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/bin/spirv-remap to /usr/local/binCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/bin/spirv-dis to /usr/local/binCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/include/spirv_cross to /usr/local/include/spirv_crossCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/SPIRV-Tools-link to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkan/SPIRV-Tools-linkCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/SPVRemapperTargets.cmake to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkanCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/bin/dxc-3.7 to /usr/local/binCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/SPIRV-Tools-opt to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkan/SPIRV-Tools-optCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/OGLCompilerTargets-release.cmake to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkanCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/bin/glslangValidator to /usr/local/binCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/bin/spirv-lesspipe.sh to /usr/local/binCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/Applications/vkcube.app to /Applications/vkcube.appCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/HLSLTargets-release.cmake to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkanCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/spirv-remapTargets.cmake to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkanCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/glslangValidatorTargets-release.cmake to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkanCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libSPIRV-Tools-link.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libspirv-cross-c.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/bin/spirv-reflect to /usr/local/binCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/Applications/vulkaninfo.app to /Applications/vulkaninfo.appCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libspirv-cross-hlsl.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/include/shaderc to /usr/local/include/shadercCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libSPIRV-Tools-reduce.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libshaderc_combined.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libspirv-cross-util.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libvulkan.1.2.162.dylib to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libOGLCompiler.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libshaderc_shared.1.dylib to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libSPIRV-Tools-shared.dylib to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libvulkan.dylib to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libOSDependent.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libshaderc.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/include/spirv-tools to /usr/local/include/spirv-toolsCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/SPIRV-Tools-reduce to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkan/SPIRV-Tools-reduceCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libglslang.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libdxcompiler.3.7.dylib to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libMoltenVK.dylib to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libspirv-cross-reflect.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libHLSL.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libdxcompiler.dylib to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/bin/spirv-cross to /usr/local/binCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libVkLayer_khronos_validation.dylib to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/include/glslang to /usr/local/include/glslangCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/bin/spirv-reduce to /usr/local/binCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/OSDependentTargets.cmake to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkanCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/bin/dxc to /usr/local/binCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libspirv-cross-core.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libSPVRemapper.a to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libVkLayer_api_dump.dylib to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/spirv-remapTargets-release.cmake to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkanCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/OSDependentTargets-release.cmake to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkanCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libvulkan.1.dylib to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/cmake/glslangTargets.cmake to /usr/local/lib/cmake/vulkanCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libshaderc_shared.dylib to /usr/local/libCopying /Volumes/vulkansdk-macos-1.2.162.0/macOS/lib/libMachineIndependent.a to /usr/local/lib

安裝GLFW

GLFW是用來創建window的，它支持不同的操作系統的。無論是OpenGL還是Vulkan，它們的只負責圖形渲染到內存中用于顯示到屏幕的桌面上，至于最后每個操作系統的桌面的創建，GL跟Vulkan都不負責。這就是GLFW的工作了。在蘋果上，glfw可以通過brew來安裝。我的mac已經安裝好了brew，所以就直接通過brew來安裝glfw就好了。

brew install glfw

安裝GLM

Vulkan也不包含線性代數的數學庫。所以我們之后做圖形變化的時候，需要用到GLM。他也可以通過brew 來安裝。

brew install glm

安裝以上所有需要的libs之后，我們可以設定一個shell 的profile 里設定自己的環境變量。這些設定的環境變量將用來為我后之后在clion IDE里使用cmake配置文件時指明需要搜索的庫的路徑。因為我用的是zsh，所以，我在~/.zprofile 里添加了glfw和glm的lib的路徑。

export GLFW_HOME="/usr/local/Cellar/glfw/3.3.2"export GLM_HOME="/usr/local/include/glm"

備注：brew 會把所有的安裝都在一個叫Cellar的目錄下，然后在/usr/local 下創建soft link連接到這些在Cellar下的目錄。

然后我們重新source一下我.zprofile.

當一些都配置好了后，可以調用vksdk的命令vkvia來查詢vulkan是否成功安裝了。

也可以run一下vulkan sdk的 cube app來看一下。

創建Clion 項目

讓我們的創建一個VulkanDemo 項目。項目創建后非常簡單，只有一個main.cpp 的helloworld代碼。

這里我們來畫一個三角形，所有，讓我們配置cmake file 保證所需要的頭文件和庫都被正確的加載了。

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.17)project(VulkanDemo)set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)# 檢查環境變量if (NOT DEFINED ENV{GLFW_HOME}) ? ?message(FATAL_ERROR "found no env named GLFW_HOME")endif()if (NOT DEFINED ENV{GLM_HOME}) ? ?message(FATAL_ERROR "found no env named GLM_HOME")endif()# 暫存環境變量set(GLFW_HOME $ENV{GLFW_HOME})set(GLM_HOME $ENV{GLM_HOME})add_executable(VulkanDemo main.cpp)# 添加 GLFW3 預編譯庫add_library(glfw SHARED IMPORTED)SET_TARGET_PROPERTIES(glfw PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION "${GLFW_HOME}/lib/libglfw.3.dylib")# GLMinclude_directories(${GLM_INCLUDE_DIRS})# Vulkanfind_package(Vulkan REQUIRED FATAL_ERROR)target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} glfw Vulkan::Vulkan)#include_directories(${Vulkan_INCLUDE_DIRS})#target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC ${Vulkan_INCLUDE_DIRS})# copy the shader files to the cmake-build-debug folderfile(COPY shaders DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})

cmake 配置好后我們開始畫我么你的三角形。這篇文章直接用了Vulkan Tutorial的代碼。把代碼 復制到main.cpp 里。因為畫三角形我們這里要用到兩個shaders。shader的代碼來自這一章節。所以我們需要添加兩個shader文件，和一個compile 腳本幫我們生成SPIR-V文件。

大家可能留意到，cmake 的配置文件最后一行我用到了file(COPY shaders DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})，主要因為在main的代碼里調用了openfile 需要打開我們的shader文件。但是Clion run 項目的二進制文件的時候，它假設資源文件是放在cmake-build-debug這個文件夾里。所以我們必須把shader文件夾復制到cmake-build-debug里。

來看一下我么你的項目的整體的樣子：

好了，最后，我們在clion里運行我們的VulkanDemo程序吧。一個三角形孕育而生！

總結

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