1、臺階問題、斐波那契

一只青蛙可以跳上一級臺階，也可以跳上兩級臺階，求青蛙跳上一個n級臺階共有多少種跳法

方法一：

def fib(n):

a, b = 0,1

for _ in range(n):

a, b = b, a+b

return b

方法二：

def fib(n):

a, b = 0,1

for _ in range(n):

a, b = b, a+b

return b

方法三：

def memo(func):

cache = {}

def wrap(*args):

if args not in cache:

cache[args] = func(*args)

return cache[args]

return wrap

@memo

def fib(n):

if n < 2:

return 1

return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)

2、臺階問題、斐波那契

一只青蛙一次可以跳上1級臺階，也可以跳上2級……它也可以跳上n級。

求該青蛙跳上一個n級的臺階總共有多少種跳法。

fib = lambda n : n if n < 2 else 2*fib(n-1)

3、矩形覆蓋問題

第2n個矩形的覆蓋方法等于第2(n-1)加上第2(n-2)的方法。

area = lambda i :i if i < 2 else area(n-1) + area(n-2)

4、楊氏矩陣查找

在一個m行n列二維數(shù)組中，每一行都按照從左到右遞增的順序排序，每一列都按照從上到下遞增的順序排序。

請完成一個函數(shù)，輸入這樣的一個二維數(shù)組和一個整數(shù)，判斷數(shù)組中是否含有該整數(shù)。

data = [[1,2,8,9],[2,4,9,12],[4,7,10,13],[6,8,11,15]]

def find_young(data,target):

m = len(data) - 1

n = len(data[0]) - 1

r = 0

c = n

while c>=0 and r<=m: #從左上方開始查詢

value = data[r][c]

if value == target:

return True

elif value > target:

c -= 1

elif value < target:

r += 1

return False

5、去除列表中的重復(fù)元素

list1 = ["b","c","d","b","c","a","a"]

用集合

list(set(data))

用字典

l2 = {}.fromkeys(list1).keys()

#說明：用于創(chuàng)建一個新字典，以序列seq中元素做字典的鍵

用字典并保持順序

l2 = list(set(list1))

l2.sort(key=l1.index)

列表推導(dǎo)式

l2 = []

[l2.append(i) for i in list1 if not i in l2]

6、鏈表成對

1->2->3->4轉(zhuǎn)換成2->1->4->3

obj = Solution()

for i in range(10):

obj.append(i)

class ListNode:

def __init__(self, x):

self.value = x

self.next = None

class Solution:

#@param a ListNode

#@return a ListNode

def swapPairs(self, head):

if head != None and head.next != None:

next = head.next

head.next = self.swapPairs(next.next)

next.next = head

return next

return head

7、創(chuàng)建字典方法

工廠方法

items = [("name","earth"), ("port","80")]

dict2 = dict(items)

fromkeys()方法

dict1 = {}.fromkeys(("x", "y"),-1)

8、合并兩個有序列表

合并排序O(nlogn)

list1 = [33, 37, 38, 39]

list2 = [35, 36, 40, 43, 45, 50]

尾遞歸

def _recursion_merge_sort(list1, list2, tmp):

if len(list1) == 0 or len(list2) == 0:

tmp.extend(list1)

tmp.extend(list2)

return tmp

else:

if list1[0]

tmp.append(list1[0])

del list1[0]

else:

tmp.append(list2[0])

del list2[0]

return _recursion_merge_sort(list1, list2, tmp)

def recursion_merge_sort(list1, list2):

tmp = _recursion_merge_sort(list1, list2,[])

return tmp

循環(huán)

def loop_merge_sort(list1, list2):

result = []

while list1 and list2:

if list1[0] <= list2[0]:

result.append(list1[0])

del list1[0]

else:

result.append(list2[0])

del list2[0]

if list1 == []:

result.extend(list2)

if list2 == []:

result.extend(list1)

return result

9、交叉鏈表求交點

其實思想可以按照從尾開始比較兩個鏈表，如果相交，則從尾開始必然一致，只要從尾開始比較，直至不一致的地方即為交叉點。

a = [1,2,3,7,9,1,5]

b = [4,5,7,9,1,5]

for i in range(1, min(len(a),len(b))):

if i== 1 and (a[-1] != b[-1]):

print("No")

break

else:

if a[-i] != b[-i]:

print("交叉節(jié)點：", a[-i+1])

break

#構(gòu)造鏈表類

class ListNode:

def __init__(self, x):

self.val = x

self.next = None

#求出鏈表長度的差值，長鏈表的指針先想后移動lenA-lenB。

#然后兩個鏈表一起往后走，若結(jié)點相同則第一個相交點

def node(l1, l2):

len1, len2 = 0, 0

#求兩鏈表長度

while l1.next:

l1 = l1.next

len1 += 1

while l2.next:

l2 = l2.next

len2 += 1

#如果相交

if l1.next == l2.next:

#長鏈表先走

if len1 > len2:

for _ in range(len1 - len2):

l1 = l1.next

return l1

else:

for _ in range(len2-len1):

l2 = l2.next

return l2

else:

return

10、二分查找

O(logn)

def binary_search(list, item):

low = 0

high = len(list) - 1

while low <= high:

middle = int((low + high)/2)

guess = list[middle]

if guess > item:

high = middle - 1

elif guess < item:

low = middle + 1

else:

return middle

return "Not Found"

# 排序列表

orded_list = [1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11]

print(binary_search(orded_list,3))

#補充：

l = [3,7,9,6,4,8,11,1,5]

l = sorted(l)

11、快速排序

O(nlogn)

def quick_sort(list):

if len(list) < 2:

return list

else:

middle = list[0]

lessbeforemiddle = [x for x in list[1:] if x <= middle]

largebefoemiddle = [x for x in list[1:] if x > middle]

finally_list = quick_sort(lessbeforemiddle) + [middle] + quick_sort(largebefoemiddle)

return finally_list

quick_sort(l)

12、冒泡排序

O(n^2)

def swap(l, i, j): #交換

t = l[i]

l[i] = l[j]

l[j] = t

def bubble_sort(list):

n = len(list)

while n > 1:

i = 1

while i < n:

if list[i-1] > list[i]:

swap(list, i ,i-1)

i += 1

n -= 1

13、廣度優(yōu)先搜索

O(節(jié)點數(shù)+邊數(shù))

graph = {}

graph["you"] = ["alice","bob","calm"]

graph["alice"] = ["peggym"]

graph["bob"] = ["anuj","peggym"]

graph["peggym"] = ["anuj"]

graph["anuj"] = ["peggym"]

# print type(graph)

from collections import deque

def person_is_seller(person):

if "m" in person:

return person

def search(name):

search_queue = deque()

search_queue += graph[name]

searched = []

while search_queue:

person = search_queue.popleft()

if person not in searched:

if person_is_seller(person):

print(person + "is seller")

searched.append(person)

esle:

search_queue += graph[person]

searched.append(person)

return False

search("you")

14、動態(tài)規(guī)劃———找零問題

#values是硬幣的面值values = [ 25, 21, 10, 5, 1]

#valuesCounts 錢幣對應(yīng)的種類數(shù),5

#money 總錢數(shù),63

#coinsUsed 對應(yīng)于目前錢幣總數(shù)i所使用錢幣數(shù)目

def coin_change(values, valuesCounts, money, coinsUsed):

for i in range(1, money + 1):

minValue = i

for num in range(valuesCounts):

if values[num] <= i:

count = coinsUsed[i - values[num]] + 1

if count < minValue:

minValue = count

coinsUsed[i] = minValue

print("第%d 最少需要 %d 枚錢幣" %(i, minValue))

if __name__ == "__main__":

# values = [25, 21, 10, 5, 1]

money = 63

values = [1,2,5,7,9,20]

coinsUsed = [0]*(money + 1)

length = len(values)

coin_change(values, length, money, coinsUsed)

15、二叉樹節(jié)點

class Node(object):

def __init__(self, data, left=None, right=None):

self.data = data

self.left = left

self.right = right

tree = Node(1, Node(3, Node(7, 0), 6), Node(2, 5, 4)

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