之前分享了《Linux環(huán)境root用戶安裝 mysql-5.7.28》，很多時候我們部署的應(yīng)用或者數(shù)據(jù)庫的服務(wù)器是客戶方的，我們可能沒有root權(quán)限，所有這里分享一下非root權(quán)限如何安裝MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫：

mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
鏈接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1DmavSo3kCKOPZtmd-FE8mw
提取碼：0v5l

一、安裝

（首先也要檢查一下環(huán)境，這里不再贅述）這里使用的是【非root用戶】admin用戶來安裝：

1.上傳并解壓

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz mv mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-5.7.28 cd mysql-5.7.28

2.新增配置文件my.cnf

配置文件內(nèi)容大家一看便知，內(nèi)容如下：

vi my.cnf[mysqld] port=3306 basedir=/data/mysql-5.7.28 datadir=/data/mysql-5.7.28/data pid-file=/data/mysql-5.7.28/mysql.pid #socket=/data/mysql-5.7.28/mysql.sock log_error=/data/mysql-5.7.28/logs/error.log server-id=100 max_connections=200 default-storage-engine=INNODB lower_case_table_names=1 max_allowed_packet=64M skip-name-resolve sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE"# binlog log-bin = /data/mysql-5.7.28/logs/mysql-bin.log expire-logs-days = 14 max-binlog-size= 500M server-id = 1

3.安裝

這里是不同于root用戶安裝MySQL的地方，我們沒有創(chuàng)建MySQL用戶組和用戶，使用的是admin用戶下的bin/mysqld命令和我們自己編寫的my.cnf文件初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫：

cd /data/mysql-5.7.28 # 這幾個文件夾要創(chuàng)建 mkdir binlog data scripts logs # 使用my.cnf來初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫 初始化的用戶名是admin【這個用戶就是當(dāng)前非root用戶】 bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql-5.7.28/my.cnf --initialize --user=admin --basedir=/data/mysql-5.7.28 --datadir=/data/mysql-5.7.28/data

4.啟動

bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql-5.7.28/my.cnf --user=admin &

5.獲取密碼

克隆會話打開另一個窗口，進入admin用戶的mysql目錄：

cd /data/mysql-5.7.28 cat logs/error.log | grep root@localhost 2021-07-15T09:04:55.479616Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: +oUisNmwk6:e

6.登陸

輸入從error.log拿到的密碼： +oUisNmwk6:e

bin/mysql -u root -p # 這里輸入

7.修改密碼

set password for 'root'@'localhost' = password('123456'); grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456'; flush privileges; quit;

以下是mysql8.0以后：

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root'; flush privileges;

8.關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫

ps -ef |grep mysql # 這里kill掉相應(yīng)的進程

9.添加防火墻端口

生產(chǎn)環(huán)境的防火墻還是很有用的：

sudo /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT sudo /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save sudo /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables restart sudo /etc/init.d/iptables status

10.添加普通用戶

特別注意： 以下操作需要在服務(wù)器上執(zhí)行，否則賦權(quán)無效：

CREATE USER 'customUser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'customUser'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'customUser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'customUser' WITH GRANT OPTION; flush privileges; quit;

11.設(shè)置開機啟動

vim scripts/is_start_status_mysql.sh # 內(nèi)容如下： #!/bin/bash # # Author: Created by lww # filename: /data/mysql/scripts/is_start_status_mysql.sh # Date: 2019-05-14 # Description: This script is used to start mysql server. # Version:1.1 # ##################################################################################### is_start_status=`ps -ef|grep -Ew 'mysqld|mysqld_safe' | grep -vw 'grep' | wc -l`if [[ "$is_start_status" -ne 2 ]]; thensleep 10/data/mysql-5.7.28/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql-5.7.28/my.cnf & fi vim /etc/rc.local # 內(nèi)容如下： #!/bin/sh # # This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts. # You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't # want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.touch /var/lock/subsys/local /usr/bin/nohup /usr/bin/iostat -dxkt 1 > /tmp/iostat_output 2>/dev/null & ulimit -SHn 65535#auto start mysql su - admin -c /data/mysql-5.7.28/scripts/is_start_status_mysql.sh

二、問題匯總

文件權(quán)限問題：

mysqld_safe error: log-error set to ‘/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log’, however file don’t exists. Create writable for user ‘mysql’.

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Can’t create/write to file ‘/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid’ (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)

# mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.# 解決 mkdir /var/log/mariadb touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/mariadb/# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Can't create/write to file '/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid' (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)# 文件權(quán)限問題，一樣的問題，沒有創(chuàng)建該目錄和權(quán)限 mkdir /var/run/mariadb/ chown -R mysql:mysql /var/run/mariadb/

其他問題：
3. SSL error: Unable to get private key from ‘server-key.pem’
4. Can’t start server: Bind on TCP/IP port: Address already in use

# [ERROR] SSL error: Unable to get private key from 'server-key.pem'# 解決 find / -name server-key.pem chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/# [ERROR] Can't start server: Bind on TCP/IP port: Address already in use# 解決 關(guān)閉占用的端口即可 netstat -nat |grep ":port"

總結(jié)

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