python request url 转义_Python多线程抓取Google搜索链接网页
1)urllib2+BeautifulSoup抓取Goolge搜索鏈接
近期,參與的項(xiàng)目需要對(duì)Google搜索結(jié)果進(jìn)行處理,之前學(xué)習(xí)了Python處理網(wǎng)頁(yè)相關(guān)的工具。實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,使用了urllib2和beautifulsoup來進(jìn)行網(wǎng)頁(yè)的抓取,但是在抓取google搜索結(jié)果的時(shí)候,發(fā)現(xiàn)如果是直接對(duì)google搜索結(jié)果頁(yè)面的源代碼進(jìn)行處理,會(huì)得到很多“臟”鏈接。
看下圖為搜索“titanic james”的結(jié)果:
圖中紅色標(biāo)記的是不需要的,藍(lán)色標(biāo)記的是需要抓取處理的。
這種“臟鏈接”當(dāng)然可以通過規(guī)則過濾的方法來過濾掉,但是這樣程序的復(fù)雜度就高了。正當(dāng)自己愁眉苦臉的正在寫過濾規(guī)則時(shí)。同學(xué)提醒說google應(yīng)該提供相關(guān)的api,才恍然大明白。
(2)Google Web Search API+多線程
文檔中給出使用Python進(jìn)行搜索的例子:
圖中紅色標(biāo)記的是不需要的,藍(lán)色標(biāo)記的是需要抓取處理的。
這種“臟鏈接”當(dāng)然可以通過規(guī)則過濾的方法來過濾掉,但是這樣程序的復(fù)雜度就高了。正當(dāng)自己愁眉苦臉的正在寫過濾規(guī)則時(shí)。同學(xué)提醒說google應(yīng)該提供相關(guān)的api,才恍然大明白。
(2)Google Web Search API+多線程
文檔中給出使用Python進(jìn)行搜索的例子:
import simplejson
# The request also includes the userip parameter which provides the end
# user's IP address. Doing so will help distinguish this legitimate
# server-side traffic from traffic which doesn't come from an end-user.
url = ('https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/services/search/web'
'?v=1.0&q=Paris%20Hilton&userip=USERS-IP-ADDRESS')
request = urllib2.Request(
url, None, {'Referer': /* Enter the URL of your site here */})
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
# Process the JSON string.
results = simplejson.load(response)
# now have some fun with the results...
import simplejson
# The request also includes the userip parameter which provides the end
# user's IP address. Doing so will help distinguish this legitimate
# server-side traffic from traffic which doesn't come from an end-user.
url = ('https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/services/search/web'
'?v=1.0&q=Paris%20Hilton&userip=USERS-IP-ADDRESS')
request = urllib2.Request(
url, None, {'Referer': /* Enter the URL of your site here */})
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
# Process the JSON string.
results = simplejson.load(response)
# now have some fun with the results..
實(shí)際應(yīng)用中可能需要抓取google的很多網(wǎng)頁(yè),所以還需要使用多線程來分擔(dān)抓取任務(wù)。使用google web search api的參考詳細(xì)介紹,請(qǐng)看此處(這里介紹了Standard URL Arguments)。另外要特別注意,url中參數(shù)rsz必須是8(包括8)以下的值,若大于8,會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)的!
(3)代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)
代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)還存在問題,但是能夠運(yùn)行,魯棒性差,還需要進(jìn)行改進(jìn),希望各路大神指出錯(cuò)誤(初學(xué)Python),不勝感激。
#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
import urllib2,urllib
import simplejson
import os, time,threading
import common, html_filter
#input the keywords
keywords = raw_input('Enter the keywords: ')
#define rnum_perpage, pages
rnum_perpage=8
pages=8
#定義線程函數(shù)
def thread_scratch(url, rnum_perpage, page):
url_set = []
try:
request = urllib2.Request(url, None, {'Referer': 'http://www.sina.com'})
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
# Process the JSON string.
results = simplejson.load(response)
info = results['responseData']['results']
except Exception,e:
print 'error occured'
print e
else:
for minfo in info:
url_set.append(minfo['url'])
print minfo['url']
#處理鏈接
i = 0
for u in url_set:
try:
request_url = urllib2.Request(u, None, {'Referer': 'http://www.sina.com'})
request_url.add_header(
'User-agent',
'CSC'
)
response_data = urllib2.urlopen(request_url).read()
#過濾文件
#content_data = html_filter.filter_tags(response_data)
#寫入文件
filenum = i+page
filename = dir_name+'/related_html_'+str(filenum)
print ' write start: related_html_'+str(filenum)
f = open(filename, 'w+', -1)
f.write(response_data)
#print content_data
f.close()
print ' write down: related_html_'+str(filenum)
except Exception, e:
print 'error occured 2'
print e
i = i+1
return
#創(chuàng)建文件夾
dir_name = 'related_html_'+urllib.quote(keywords)
if os.path.exists(dir_name):
print 'exists file'
common.delete_dir_or_file(dir_name)
os.makedirs(dir_name)
#抓取網(wǎng)頁(yè)
print 'start to scratch web pages:'
for x in range(pages):
print "page:%s"%(x+1)
page = x * rnum_perpage
url = ('https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/services/search/web'
'?v=1.0&q=%s&rsz=%s&start=%s') % (urllib.quote(keywords), rnum_perpage,page)
print url
t = threading.Thread(target=thread_scratch, args=(url,rnum_perpage, page))
t.start()
#主線程等待子線程抓取完
main_thread = threading.currentThread()
for t in threading.enumerate():
if t is main_thread:
continue
t.join()
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