什么？有個(gè) SQL 執(zhí)行了 8 秒！

哪里出了問(wèn)題？臣妾不知道啊，得找 DBA 啊。

DBA 人呢？離職了！！擦！！！

程序員在無(wú)處尋求幫助時(shí)，就得想辦法自救，努力讓自己變成 "偽 DBA"。

索引

獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的 CPU 使用率

過(guò)去一段時(shí)間里 CPU 利用率的歷史情況

誰(shuí)用 CPU 工作的時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)

服務(wù)器上安裝了多大的 Memory

SQL Server 進(jìn)程用了多少 Memory

是否申請(qǐng)新的 Memory 無(wú)法得到

SQL Server 的最大最小 Memory 配置

通過(guò) Signal Wait 判斷是否 CPU 壓力過(guò)大

獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的 Buffer 使用率

查看哪張表占用的 Buffer 最多

查看 Memory Clerks 使用情況

查看 Memory 分配狀況

查詢 SQL Server 內(nèi)存承擔(dān)的壓力

查詢 SQL Server 性能計(jì)數(shù)器

查詢當(dāng)前的 Batch Requests 計(jì)數(shù)

獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的 CPU 使用率

WITH DB_CPU_Stats AS (SELECT DatabaseID,DB_Name(DatabaseID) AS [Database Name],SUM(total_worker_time) AS [CPU_Time_Ms]FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS qsCROSS APPLY (SELECT CONVERT(INT, value) AS [DatabaseID]FROM sys.dm_exec_plan_attributes(qs.plan_handle)WHERE attribute = N'dbid') AS F_DBGROUP BY DatabaseID) SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY [CPU_Time_Ms] DESC) AS [CPU Rank],[Database Name],[CPU_Time_Ms] AS [CPU Time (ms)],CAST([CPU_Time_Ms] * 1.0 / SUM([CPU_Time_Ms]) OVER () * 100.0 AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS [CPU Percent] FROM DB_CPU_Stats WHERE DatabaseID <> 32767 -- ResourceDB ORDER BY [CPU Rank] OPTION (RECOMPILE);

過(guò)去一段時(shí)間里 CPU 利用率的歷史情況

DECLARE @ts_now BIGINT = (SELECT cpu_ticks / (cpu_ticks / ms_ticks)FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info WITH (NOLOCK));SELECT TOP (256) SQLProcessUtilization AS [SQL Server Process CPU Utilization],SystemIdle AS [System Idle Process],100 - SystemIdle - SQLProcessUtilization AS [Other Process CPU Utilization],DATEADD(ms, - 1 * (@ts_now - [timestamp]), GETDATE()) AS [Event Time] FROM (SELECT record.value('(./Record/@id)[1]', 'int') AS record_id,record.value('(./Record/SchedulerMonitorEvent/SystemHealth/SystemIdle)[1]', 'int') AS [SystemIdle],record.value('(./Record/SchedulerMonitorEvent/SystemHealth/ProcessUtilization)[1]', 'int') AS [SQLProcessUtilization],[timestamp]FROM (SELECT [timestamp],CONVERT(XML, record) AS [record]FROM sys.dm_os_ring_buffers WITH (NOLOCK)WHERE ring_buffer_type = N'RING_BUFFER_SCHEDULER_MONITOR'AND record LIKE N'%<SystemHealth>%') AS x) AS y ORDER BY record_id DESC OPTION (RECOMPILE);

可以查看那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的 CPU 利用率較高。

誰(shuí)用 CPU 工作的時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)

SELECT TOP (50) DB_NAME(t.[dbid]) AS [Database Name],t.[text] AS [Query Text],qs.total_worker_time AS [Total Worker Time],qs.min_worker_time AS [Min Worker Time],qs.total_worker_time / qs.execution_count AS [Avg Worker Time],qs.max_worker_time AS [Max Worker Time],qs.execution_count AS [Execution Count],qs.total_elapsed_time / qs.execution_count AS [Avg Elapsed Time],qs.total_logical_reads / qs.execution_count AS [Avg Logical Reads],qs.total_physical_reads / qs.execution_count AS [Avg Physical Reads],qp.query_plan AS [Query Plan],qs.creation_time AS [Creation Time] FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS qs WITH (NOLOCK) CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(plan_handle) AS t CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(plan_handle) AS qp ORDER BY qs.total_worker_time DESC OPTION (RECOMPILE);

或許能找到哪個(gè) SQL 語(yǔ)句占用了最多的 CPU 資源。

服務(wù)器上安裝了多大的 Memory

SELECT total_physical_memory_kb / 1024 AS [Physical Memory (MB)],available_physical_memory_kb / 1024 AS [Available Memory (MB)],total_page_file_kb / 1024 AS [Total Page File (MB)],available_page_file_kb / 1024 AS [Available Page File (MB)],system_cache_kb / 1024 AS [System Cache (MB)],system_memory_state_desc AS [System Memory State] FROM sys.dm_os_sys_memory WITH (NOLOCK) OPTION (RECOMPILE);

SQL Server 進(jìn)程用了多少 Memory

SELECT physical_memory_in_use_kb / 1024 AS [SQL Server Memory Usage (MB)],large_page_allocations_kb,locked_page_allocations_kb,page_fault_count,memory_utilization_percentage,available_commit_limit_kb,process_physical_memory_low,process_virtual_memory_low FROM sys.dm_os_process_memory WITH (NOLOCK) OPTION (RECOMPILE);

是否申請(qǐng)新的 Memory 無(wú)法得到

SELECT @@SERVERNAME AS [Server Name],[object_name],cntr_value AS [Memory Grants Pending] FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters WITH (NOLOCK) WHERE [object_name] LIKE N'%Memory Manager%' -- Handles named instancesAND counter_name = N'Memory Grants Pending' OPTION (RECOMPILE);

如果 Memory Grants Pending 的值一直大于 0，則明確的說(shuō)明 Memory 存在壓力。

SQL Server 的最大最小 Memory 配置

SELECT [name] AS [Name],[configuration_id] AS [Number],[minimum] AS [Minimum],[maximum] AS [Maximum],[is_dynamic] AS [Dynamic],[is_advanced] AS [Advanced],[value] AS [ConfigValue],[value_in_use] AS [RunValue],[description] AS [Description] FROM [master].[sys].[configurations] WHERE NAME IN ('Min server memory (MB)','Max server memory (MB)');

SELECT * FROM sys.configurations WHERE configuration_id IN ('1543','1544')

通過(guò) Signal Wait 判斷是否 CPU 壓力過(guò)大

SELECT CAST(100.0 * SUM(signal_wait_time_ms) / SUM(wait_time_ms) AS NUMERIC(20, 2)) AS [% Signal (CPU) Waits],CAST(100.0 * SUM(wait_time_ms - signal_wait_time_ms) / SUM(wait_time_ms) AS NUMERIC(20, 2)) AS [% Resource Waits] FROM sys.dm_os_wait_stats WITH (NOLOCK) WHERE wait_type NOT IN (N'BROKER_EVENTHANDLER',N'BROKER_RECEIVE_WAITFOR',N'BROKER_TASK_STOP',N'BROKER_TO_FLUSH',N'BROKER_TRANSMITTER',N'CHECKPOINT_QUEUE',N'CHKPT',N'CLR_AUTO_EVENT',N'CLR_MANUAL_EVENT',N'CLR_SEMAPHORE',N'DBMIRROR_DBM_EVENT',N'DBMIRROR_EVENTS_QUEUE',N'DBMIRROR_WORKER_QUEUE',N'DBMIRRORING_CMD',N'DIRTY_PAGE_POLL',N'DISPATCHER_QUEUE_SEMAPHORE',N'EXECSYNC',N'FSAGENT',N'FT_IFTS_SCHEDULER_IDLE_WAIT',N'FT_IFTSHC_MUTEX',N'HADR_CLUSAPI_CALL',N'HADR_FILESTREAM_IOMGR_IOCOMPLETION',N'HADR_LOGCAPTURE_WAIT',N'HADR_NOTIFICATION_DEQUEUE',N'HADR_TIMER_TASK',N'HADR_WORK_QUEUE',N'KSOURCE_WAKEUP',N'LAZYWRITER_SLEEP',N'LOGMGR_QUEUE',N'ONDEMAND_TASK_QUEUE',N'PWAIT_ALL_COMPONENTS_INITIALIZED',N'QDS_PERSIST_TASK_MAIN_LOOP_SLEEP',N'QDS_CLEANUP_STALE_QUERIES_TASK_MAIN_LOOP_SLEEP',N'REQUEST_FOR_DEADLOCK_SEARCH',N'RESOURCE_QUEUE',N'SERVER_IDLE_CHECK',N'SLEEP_BPOOL_FLUSH',N'SLEEP_DBSTARTUP',N'SLEEP_DCOMSTARTUP',N'SLEEP_MASTERDBREADY',N'SLEEP_MASTERMDREADY',N'SLEEP_MASTERUPGRADED',N'SLEEP_MSDBSTARTUP',N'SLEEP_SYSTEMTASK',N'SLEEP_TASK',N'SLEEP_TEMPDBSTARTUP',N'SNI_HTTP_ACCEPT',N'SP_SERVER_DIAGNOSTICS_SLEEP',N'SQLTRACE_BUFFER_FLUSH',N'SQLTRACE_INCREMENTAL_FLUSH_SLEEP',N'SQLTRACE_WAIT_ENTRIES',N'WAIT_FOR_RESULTS',N'WAITFOR',N'WAITFOR_TASKSHUTDOWN',N'WAIT_XTP_HOST_WAIT',N'WAIT_XTP_OFFLINE_CKPT_NEW_LOG',N'WAIT_XTP_CKPT_CLOSE',N'XE_DISPATCHER_JOIN',N'XE_DISPATCHER_WAIT',N'XE_TIMER_EVENT') OPTION (RECOMPILE);

通常，如果 Signal Waits 超過(guò) 10-15%，則說(shuō)明 CPU 壓力過(guò)大。

獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的 Buffer 使用率

WITH AggregateBufferPoolUsage AS (SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) AS [Database Name],CAST(COUNT(*) * 8 / 1024.0 AS DECIMAL(10, 2)) AS [CachedSize]FROM sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors WITH (NOLOCK)WHERE database_id <> 32767 -- ResourceDBGROUP BY DB_NAME(database_id)) SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY CachedSize DESC) AS [Buffer Pool Rank],[Database Name],CachedSize AS [Cached Size (MB)],CAST(CachedSize / SUM(CachedSize) OVER () * 100.0 AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS [Buffer Pool Percent] FROM AggregateBufferPoolUsage ORDER BY [Buffer Pool Rank] OPTION (RECOMPILE);

參考資料：

• SQL Server Buffer Management
• SQL Server, Buffer Manager Object
• Buffer Pool Extension
• Buffer and cache Difference?

查看哪張表占用的 Buffer 最多

SELECT OBJECT_NAME(p.[object_id]) AS [Object Name],p.index_id,CAST(COUNT(*) / 128.0 AS DECIMAL(10, 2)) AS [Buffer size(MB)],COUNT(*) AS [BufferCount],p.[Rows] AS [Row Count],p.data_compression_desc AS [Compression Type] FROM sys.allocation_units AS a WITH (NOLOCK) INNER JOIN sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors AS b WITH (NOLOCK) ON a.allocation_unit_id = b.allocation_unit_id INNER JOIN sys.partitions AS p WITH (NOLOCK) ON a.container_id = p.hobt_id WHERE b.database_id = CONVERT(INT, DB_ID())AND p.[object_id] > 100 GROUP BY p.[object_id],p.index_id,p.data_compression_desc,p.[Rows] ORDER BY [BufferCount] DESC OPTION (RECOMPILE);

可以判斷哪張表或索引占用的 Buffer 也就是 Memory 最多，可以考慮應(yīng)用不同的 Compression Type。

參考資料：

• Data Compression
• Row Compression Implementation
• Page Compression Implementation
• Enable Compression on a Table or Index

查看 Memory Clerks 使用情況

SQL Server 2012 版本

SELECT TOP (10) mc.[type] AS [Memory Clerk Type],CAST((SUM(mc.pages_kb) / 1024.0) AS DECIMAL(15, 2)) AS [Memory Usage (MB)] FROM sys.dm_os_memory_clerks AS mc WITH (NOLOCK) GROUP BY mc.[type] ORDER BY SUM(mc.pages_kb) DESC OPTION (RECOMPILE);

SQL Server 2008 版本

SELECT TOP (10) [type] AS [Memory Clerk Type],SUM(single_pages_kb) / 1024 AS [SPA Memory Usage (MB)] FROM sys.dm_os_memory_clerks WITH (NOLOCK) GROUP BY [type] ORDER BY SUM(single_pages_kb) DESC OPTION (RECOMPILE);

參考資料：

• sys.dm_os_memory_clerks (Transact-SQL)
• An in-depth look at SQL Server Memory–Part 1
• An in-depth look at SQL Server Memory–Part 2
• An in-depth look at SQL Server Memory–Part 3

查看 Memory 分配狀況

可以直接運(yùn)行：

DBCC MEMORYSTATUS();

查看 Memory 各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的細(xì)節(jié)。

DECLARE @MemStat TABLE (ValueName SYSNAME,Val BIGINT);INSERT INTO @MemStat EXEC ('DBCC MEMORYSTATUS() WITH TABLERESULTS');WITH Measures AS (SELECT TOP 2 CurrentValue,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY OrderColumn) AS RowOrderFROM (SELECT CASE WHEN (ms.ValueName = 'Target Committed')THEN ms.ValWHEN (ms.ValueName = 'Current Committed')THEN ms.ValEND AS 'CurrentValue',0 AS 'OrderColumn'FROM @MemStat AS ms) AS MemStatusWHERE CurrentValue IS NOT NULL) SELECT TargetMem.CurrentValue - CurrentMem.CurrentValue FROM Measures AS TargetMem JOIN Measures AS CurrentMem ON TargetMem.RowOrder + 1 = CurrentMem.RowOrder;

參考資料：

• Using DBCC MEMORYSTATUS to Monitor SQL Server Memory Usage
• Why is that SQL Server Instance under stress?

查詢 SQL Server 內(nèi)存承擔(dān)的壓力

SELECT record_id,dateadd(ms, (y.[timestamp] - tme.ms_ticks), GETDATE()) AS [Notification_Time],Notification FROM (SELECT record.value('(./Record/@id)[1]', 'int') AS record_id,record.value('(./Record/ResourceMonitor/Notification)[1]', 'varchar(50)') AS Notification,TIMESTAMPFROM (SELECT TIMESTAMP,CONVERT(XML, record) AS recordFROM sys.dm_os_ring_buffersWHERE ring_buffer_type = N'RING_BUFFER_RESOURCE_MONITOR') AS x) AS y CROSS JOIN sys.dm_os_sys_info tme ORDER BY record_id DESC;SELECT dateadd(ms, (rbf.[timestamp] - tme.ms_ticks), GETDATE()) AS [Notification_Time],cast(record AS XML).value('(//Record/ResourceMonitor/Notification)[1]', 'varchar(30)') AS [Notification_type],cast(record AS XML).value('(//Record/MemoryRecord/MemoryUtilization)[1]', 'bigint') AS [MemoryUtilization %],cast(record AS XML).value('(//Record/MemoryNode/@id)[1]', 'bigint') AS [Node Id],cast(record AS XML).value('(//Record/ResourceMonitor/IndicatorsProcess)[1]', 'int') AS [Process_Indicator],cast(record AS XML).value('(//Record/ResourceMonitor/IndicatorsSystem)[1]', 'int') AS [System_Indicator],cast(record AS XML).value('(//Record/MemoryNode/ReservedMemory)[1]', 'bigint') AS [SQL_ReservedMemory_KB],cast(record AS XML).value('(//Record/MemoryNode/CommittedMemory)[1]', 'bigint') AS [SQL_CommittedMemory_KB],cast(record AS XML).value('(//Record/MemoryNode/AWEMemory)[1]', 'bigint') AS [SQL_AWEMemory],cast(record AS XML).value('(//Record/MemoryNode/SinglePagesMemory)[1]', 'bigint') AS [SinglePagesMemory],cast(record AS XML).value('(//Record/MemoryNode/MultiplePagesMemory)[1]', 'bigint') AS [MultiplePagesMemory],cast(record AS XML).value('(//Record/MemoryRecord/TotalPhysicalMemory)[1]', 'bigint') AS [TotalPhysicalMemory_KB],cast(record AS XML).value('(//Record/MemoryRecord/AvailablePhysicalMemory)[1]', 'bigint') AS [AvailablePhysicalMemory_KB],cast(record AS XML).value('(//Record/MemoryRecord/TotalPageFile)[1]', 'bigint') AS [TotalPageFile_KB],cast(record AS XML).value('(//Record/MemoryRecord/AvailablePageFile)[1]', 'bigint') AS [AvailablePageFile_KB],cast(record AS XML).value('(//Record/MemoryRecord/TotalVirtualAddressSpace)[1]', 'bigint') AS [TotalVirtualAddressSpace_KB],cast(record AS XML).value('(//Record/MemoryRecord/AvailableVirtualAddressSpace)[1]', 'bigint') AS [AvailableVirtualAddressSpace_KB],cast(record AS XML).value('(//Record/@id)[1]', 'bigint') AS [Record Id],cast(record AS XML).value('(//Record/@type)[1]', 'varchar(30)') AS [Type] FROM sys.dm_os_ring_buffers rbf CROSS JOIN sys.dm_os_sys_info tme WHERE rbf.ring_buffer_type = 'RING_BUFFER_RESOURCE_MONITOR' ORDER BY rbf.TIMESTAMP ASC;

查詢 SQL Server 性能計(jì)數(shù)器

-- there are thousands of different counters SELECT * FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters;SELECT * FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters WHERE counter_name = 'Page Life expectancy'AND object_name LIKE '%Buffer Manager%';SELECT * FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters WHERE counter_name LIKE '%Average Wait Time%'AND instance_name = 'Database';

查詢當(dāng)前的 Batch Requests 計(jì)數(shù)

DECLARE @BRPS BIGINTSELECT @BRPS = cntr_value FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters WHERE counter_name LIKE 'Batch Requests/sec%'WAITFOR DELAY '000:00:10'SELECT (cntr_value - @BRPS) / 10.0 AS "Batch Requests/sec" FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters WHERE counter_name LIKE 'Batch Requests/sec%'

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《人人都是 DBA》系列文章索引：

?序號(hào)?	?名稱?
1	?人人都是 DBA（I）SQL Server 體系結(jié)構(gòu)
2	?人人都是 DBA（II）SQL Server 元數(shù)據(jù)
3	?人人都是 DBA（III）SQL Server 調(diào)度器
4	?人人都是 DBA（IV）SQL Server 內(nèi)存管理
5	?人人都是 DBA（V）SQL Server 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件
6	?人人都是 DBA（VI）SQL Server 事務(wù)日志
7	?人人都是 DBA（VII）B 樹(shù)和 B+ 樹(shù)
8	?人人都是 DBA（VIII）SQL Server 頁(yè)存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
9	?人人都是 DBA（IX）服務(wù)器信息收集腳本匯編
10	?人人都是 DBA（X）資源信息收集腳本匯編
11	?人人都是 DBA（XI）I/O 信息收集腳本匯編
12	?人人都是 DBA（XII）查詢信息收集腳本匯編
13	?人人都是 DBA（XIII）索引信息收集腳本匯編
14	?人人都是 DBA（XIV）存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程信息收集腳本匯編?
15	?人人都是 DBA（XV）鎖信息收集腳本匯編

本系列文章《人人都是 DBA》由?Dennis Gao?發(fā)表自博客園，未經(jīng)作者本人同意禁止任何形式的轉(zhuǎn)載，任何自動(dòng)或人為的爬蟲(chóng)轉(zhuǎn)載行為均為耍流氓。

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